Hose Assembly Installation
and Maintenance Tips
Pamphlet 107 April 2009
Parker Stratoflex Overview
Products for aerospace and military:
• Break-away valves
• Hose/tube combination assemblies
• Hydraulic flow regulators
• Hydraulic fuses
• Metal hose, convoluted
• Metal tube assemblies
• PTFE hose, convoluted
• PTFE hose, smooth bore
• Rubber hose
• Swivels
• Quick-disconnect couplings
• Tube fittings
Applications:
• Air data systems
• Airframes
• Bleed air systems
• Coolant systems
• Engines
• Fuel/oil systems
• Hydraulic systems
• Nacelles
• Oxygen systems
• Pitot static systems
• Potable water systems
• Pneumatic systems
• Refrigerant systems
General Guidelines
RULE NO. 1: N
EVER MIX different manufacturers’ hose and fittings or
other accessories. FAA (TSO) approvals are “as tested”.
RULE NO. 2: Th
ere are FIVE (5) parts to every hose assembly: hose,
two (2) end fittings, proper assembly processing or
procedure(s), and proper tooling.
RULE NO. 3: M
ost hose assembly failures are a result of improper
installation/handling, abuse, or old age.
Hose
Hose Fitting
When selecting a hose assembly, be certain it meets:
• Size requirements
• Pressure requirements, both operating and profile or application
• Temperature range
• Fluid compatibility
• Bend radius
2
Type Approval
Each aerospace hose assembly has an FAA approval. Positive verification is
required for proper installation.
• Type Certificate (TC)
• Supplemental Type Certificate (STC)
• Technical Standard Order (TSO)
• Part Manufacturing Authority (PMA) (8130-3)
• Industry Standard (AN-AS-MS-NAS)
• Direct Ship Authority (DSA)
• Repaired Assembly (8130-3)
Installation and Care of Hose and Hose Assemblies
General:
All hose assemblies whether rubber or PTFE, should always be handled with
care to prevent excessive bending, twisting, and kinking. Dragging hose on
ground surfaces, using them as climbing handles, and severe bending to
fit cramped storage areas must be avoided. Kinking of hose occurs more
easily in larger sizes and in very short assemblies. Care should be exercised
in handling and installing both rubber and PTFE hose assemblies.
NEVER STEP ON, STAND ON, OR PULL HOSE.
Proper Storage:
Prior to installation, hose assemblies should be capped with appropriate
dust caps or plugs, properly identified (tagged) by part number, and stored
in an area free from dust or other contamination. Do not use in cramped or
otherwise confined storage areas. If long lengths of PTFE hose are coiled for
storage, a liberal coil diameter must be provided to ensure against kinking.
Never coil hose so that the minimum bend radius(ii) can be exceeded. See
AS1933 for more information and rubber age limits.
Inspection:
1.Inspect internally for evidence of tube restriction due to collapse,
kinking, or other damage.
2.Inspect externally for wire damage. Assemblies with wire damage
should be replaced.
3.Proof
pressure test all aerospace hose assemblies to required pressures.
3
Installation and Care of Hose and Hose Assemblies
(continued)
Chafe Protection:
Chafe guards of PTFE, vinyl, polyester, or other suitable material should be
used any time there is a possibility of chafing. Chafing should be avoided by
routing of the hose assembly or by proper clamping.
Tips for Proper Installation:
1. Attach the hose to the most inaccessible end of its routing first.
Finger tighten only, so the hose is free to turn during initial installation.
Hose should not be twisted on final installation.
2. Attach the other end of the hose in the same manner.
3. Properly orient the hose along its routing and install
the required line support clamps.
4. Use proper torque and remember to always lubricate! Use established
installation torque values or consult SAE for limits. Dissimilar materials or
metals require different values (e.g. aluminum to stainless steel).
4
Installation and Care of Hose and Hose Assemblies
(continued)
When securing the line support clamps, exercise care in distributing hose
slack between the hose connections and the clamps. Do not bend or force
the hose to a sharp angle at any location. Be sure to use gradual curves for
all routing. Installation of clamps must never restrict travel or cause the
hose line to be subjected to tension, torsion, compression, or shear stress
during flexing cycles. Avoid installation of undersize hose support clamps.
See SAE.
Position hose assemblies so the flexible portion of the hose extends at least
one times the hose diameter before starting a bend.
Always lubricate fitting threads prior to installation. Two wrenches may
be used to tighten end connections to prevent twisting of the hose or
over-torquing of fittings. Use one wrench to hold the nipple hex, if provided,
while the other wrench is used to tighten the swivel nut. On hose assemblies
that do not provide a hex for holding, use extra care to prevent twisting
of hoses.
Small Bend Radius:
Many installations require a small bend radius. There are hose (assembly)
types specially designed and tested for these applications. Also, follow
routing guidelines presented here and in the appropriate Stratoflex
Hose Catalog.
Conventional Hose
Stratoflex 101
Lightweight
Flexible PTFE Hose
Identifying Hose and Hose Assemblies:
Before replacing a hose assembly, be sure to correctly identify it so the right
replacement can be made. Some hoses have a layline on the cover that gives
identifying information. Bulk hose with a stainless steel outer braid are identified with a white tape. The assembly is normally tagged as well.
5
Installation and Care of Hose and Hose Assemblies
(continued)
Typical laylines are repeated every nine to ten inches along the length
of the hose and provide the following information:
• Manufacturer’s name and manufacturer’s code
• Mil-SPEC or industry spec number
• Part number
• Dash number (or code letter) for size
• Manufactured/cure date (if rubber)
To prevent misapplication, do not use unmarked hose assemblies until
positively identified. Metal identification bands are often used to tag
hose assemblies with the part number(s), manufacturer, size, type,
date of manufacture, and maximum operating pressure.
Which Hose to Use First:
To minimize aging effects of hose in storage, use the “first-in, first-out”
principle when selecting hose assemblies and bulk hose. Do not build
rubber hose assemblies for prolonged storage. Pressure test all assemblies
before installation. Do not install hose that has exceeded the established
age limits (see AS1933 for age limits) or that show aging signs (separation of
plies, cracks, etc.).
6
How to Measure and Specify Double Elbow Fittings
on a Hose Assembly
Measuring:
When installations require hose assemblies with elbow fittings on both
ends, hold the assembly so the nearest fitting is pointed in the 6 o’clock position. Measure the angle between the fittings counter-clockwise. When both
fittings point to 6 o’clock, this is specified as zero degrees.
Specifying Position:
Suffix the hose assembly part number with the number of degrees in the
angle. (Example: 111511E0185D180; 180 degree Twist Angle). See applicable
Catalog/Assembly Drawing for specific (hose) example.
7
Troubleshooting Hose Assemblies
See SAE
• Inspect hoses frequently
• Replace worn or damaged hoses
• Proper clamping is critical
• Consult Parker Stratoflex for current approved products
• Periodically verify “B” nuts are tight
Chafed Hose
• Abrasion
• Improper clamping
Kinked Hose
• Smooth-bore PTFE hose is prone to kinking
• Restricts fluid flow
• Damaged beyond repair
Broken Wires
• Inspect external wire braid
• Any broken wires is cause for removal/scrap
Heat Damaged (Brittle) Hose
• Elastomeric, PTFE and metal hose have heat
limitations
• Cracks during flexing
Twisted Hose
• Hose is not designed to be
twisted
• Induces stress
• Promotes premature wear
Leaking Hose
• Wetness around fitting
• Aged hose
• Improper fitting attachment
8
Rusted Hose
• Corroded wire braids
• Any corrosion makes hose
assembly suspect
Key Words and Terminology
Accountability – All part numbers, processes, procedures, and tooling
must be verifiable.
Aerospace Crimp Data Form (ACDF) “SPECIFIC” (hose, fittings, tooling),
[124/1124/T08151]
Aerospace Fabrication Procedure (AFP) “GENERAL”, Examples:
• AFP 501 Aerospace Fabrication Procedure (Field Attach. Hose – Ftgs)
• AFP 502 Aerospace Fabrication Procedure (Med/High Press. Smth
Bore PTFE Hose)
• AFP 508 Aerospace Fabrication Procedure (101 Hose)
Aerospace Field Attachable Data (AFAD) “SPECIFIC” (for Tooling)
Examples:
• AFAD-111-XXX
• AFAD-156-XXX
• AFAD-124-XXX
• AFAD-193-XXX
Assembly Date – Hose assembly fabrication date.
Audit – Periodic review of hose shops and assembly fabrication procedures.
Ball Gage – Inspection method for the inside diameter of a hose assembly.
Beam Seal – Fitting connection per MIL-F-85421, a.k.a. “Dynamic Beam
Seal and Lip Seal”.
Bend Radius – The amount of arc (bending) a hose is capable of meeting.
Usually measured from inside hose wall.
Burst Pressure – Maximum limit a hose is designed to be pressurized.
CAGE Code (Stratoflex FBU #98441, CBU #11362, JBU #50599) –
Commercial and Governmental Entity code.
Catalog Part Number – Basic hose assembly numbering nomenclature.
Certification – Verification of conformity to a stated requirement.
Chafe Guard – Protection applied to the external surface of a hose assembly.
Coded Part Number – Serialized numbering sequence.
Configuration – Physical appearance of a hose assembly.
Cuff – Integral silicone sleeve used to slip over the end fitting sockets.
Cure Date – Manufacture date of bulk elastomeric (rubber) hose.
Crimp Diameter – Precise outside diameter of a compressed fitting socket.
9
Key Words and Terminology
Direct Ship Authority (DSA) – OEM authorized sale of spares direct to
third-party customers.
Distributor Quality Program Manual – Stratoflex Quality Manual for
distributors.
Dynatube® (Lip Seal) – Fitting per MIL-F-85421, a.k.a. beam-seal.
Electro-etch – Method of marking identification bands using a mild acid.
End-dip – Sealant used to coat/cover the ends of AS1072 (2650-size)
slip-over firesleeve.
Equipment Manual – Illustrated parts list for equipment used to fabricate
hose assemblies.
Fabrication Date – The day the hose assembly was built.
Ferrule – Ring of metal (socket) covering the fitting nipple.
Field Attachable – Screw-together fittings able to install with
wrenches and mandrel.
Fire Proof – 2000ºF for (15) minutes.
Fire Resistant – 2000ºF for (5) minutes.
Firesleeve – Slip-over orange silicone and fiberglass impregnated sleeve
per AS1072 and/or brown/orange integral silicone extruded directly
over the wire braid.
Flange – 3-4 bolt-holes, flat face seal with o-ring.
Flare – Female 37º degree flare end fitting per AS4395, also mates
with MS33656.
Flareless (a.k.a. “Globeseal’’, obsolete trade name) – Female fitting per
AS4375, mates with MS33514, NAS1760.
Flats From Finger Tight (FFFT) – Method of measuring torque by counting
wrench flats.
Gage Point – Precise measuring location of the end fitting.
High Pressure – Typical pressures of 3,000 psi and above.
Hose Specification – The standard form used to define key characteristics
of bulk hose.
Identification Tag – The band (typically metal) nameplate for hose
assembly identification.
10
Key Words and Terminology
Industry Standard (AN-AS-MS-NAS) – “General” component performance
specifications.
Information Bulletin – Stratoflex standardized format used to explain
additional topic information.
Inside Diameter – Internal cross-section measurement of a hose.
Internal Support Coil – Internal reinforcement to enhance the crush
resistance of a hose.
Jump Factor – Amount of movement a fitting travels during the
crimp process.
Kevlar® (Para-Aramid) – Synthetic, nonmetallic reinforcement used
in the manufacture of hose.
Liability – That for which one is liable.
Lot Code – Serialized number for traceability assigned to each
manufacturing “run” of hose.
Low Pressure – Typical pressures of up to 500 psi.
Manufacture Date – The date a product is produced, a.k.a. Cure Date.
Medium Pressure – Typical pressures of between 500-3,000 psi.
MIL-SPEC (MIL-DTL-25579, Etc.) – Government document used to
define a product.
MIL-STD (MS8005, MIL-STD-130, Etc.) – Government document used to
define a product.
Nipple – Section of the end fitting that is inserted inside the hose.
NUTLOK® – Female threaded portion of the end fitting.
Outside Diameter – The outer-most cross-section dimension of a hose.
Part Manufacturing Authority (PMA) – FAA authorization to mark with
OEM number (8130-3).
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) – Generic name of Teflon® compound
used in the manufacture of hose.
Pounds Per Square Inch (PSI) – Pressure measurement used to define
hose strength.
11
Key Words and Terminology
Process Specification – Step-by-step instructions, Example: 3146X Hose,
use P-104-212; 3147-X Hose, use P-104-213.
Repaired Assembly (8130-3 Tag) – Method used to identify, inspect, and
verify aircraft hoses.
Reusable – Term to describe field attachable fittings. It implies a fitting
may be reused.
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) – Engineering Society.
Sealant – See “End-dip”.
Silicone Cover – Outer layer of integral firesleeved hose.
Skive – Method of removing the hose cover to expose the reinforcement
for fitting installation.
Socket – Ring of metal (ferrule) covering the fitting nipple.
Spiral – Method of applying hose reinforcement during the
manufacturing process.
Standard Drawing – Drawing that depicts the basic design details of
an assembly.
Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) – FAA production certificate for
an approved product modification (ie aircraft, engine, propeller, etc.)
Technical Standard Order (TSO) – FAA performance specification.
Test/Proof Pressure – Typically twice the rated working pressure of a
hose assembly.
Traceability – Ability to account for a complete history of a part.
Twist Angle – Angular rotation of one elbow end fitting relative to the
one on the opposite end.
Type Certificate (TC) – A design approval issued by the FAA when
a product (airframe, engine, hose, etc.) complies with applicable
regulations.
Wall Thickness – The dimension used to define the area compressed
between nipple and socket.
Working Pressure – System pressure the hose assembly will operate within.
12
References:
1. Society of Automotive Engineers International (SAE)
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
Phone: 1-724-776-4841 (World Headquarters Receptionist)
Toll-Free: 1-877-606-7323 (Customer Service)
Fax: 1-724-776-0790 (Customer Service)
www.sae.org
2. SAE Documents:
A. Aerospace Information Reports:
AIR310Fittings, Catalog of Flared, Flareless, Pipe Threaded, Port,
Hose and Other Type Tube Standard Connectors
AIR797
Hose Characteristics and Selection Chart
AIR1569Handling and Installation Practices for Aerospace
Hose Assemblies
AIR4543Aerospace Hydraulics and Actuation Lessons Learned
AIR4918Industry Practices and Guidelines for the Selection of
Coiled Tubes, Flexible Hoses, Swivels, and Extension Fittings
for Aircraft Fluid Systems
AIR5005Aerospace – Commercial Aircraft Hydraulic Systems
AIR5386Hose and Hose Assembly – Selection, Installation,
Inspection, and Maintenance (new, not yet released)
AIR5693Compatibility of PTFE Hose Assemblies with Typical Fluids
Found in Aerospace Applications, (Proposed Draft 2004-10)
B. Aerospace Recommended Practice:
ARP24Determination of Hydraulic Pressure Drop
ARP908Torque Requirements, Installation and Qualification Test,
Hose and Tube Fittings
ARP994Recommended Practice for the Design of Tubing
Installations for Aerospace Fluid Power Systems
ARP1658Visual Inspection Guide for Installed Hose Assemblies
ARP4752Aerospace – Design and Installation of Commercial
Transport Aircraft Hydraulic Systems
13
References:
2. SAE Documents (continued):
C. Aerospace Standard:
AS1290Graphic Symbols for Aircraft Hydraulic and
Pneumatic Systems
AS1933Age Controls for Hose Containing Age-Sensitive
Elastomeric Material
AS4941Aerospace – General Requirements for Commercial Aircraft
Hydraulic Components
AS5440Hydraulic Systems, Aircraft Design and Installation
Requirements for – FSC 1650
3. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) Documents:
A. Advisory Circular:
AC20-7N
General Aviation Inspection Aids Summary, 1976
AC43.13-1B CHG 1Acceptable Methods, Techniques and Practices –
Aircraft Inspection and Repair
14
Flow Capacities
Flow Capacities of Parker Hose at Recommended Flow Velocities
The nomogram below is provided as an aid for determining the correct hose size.
Problem:
At 16 gallons per minute (gpm), what is the proper hose size for pressure lines?
Solution:
Locate 16 gallons per minute in the left-hand column and 20 feet per second in the right-hand
column (the maximum recommended velocity range for pressure lines). Lay a straight edge
across these two points. The inside diameter required is shown in the center column at or above
the straight edge. In this case, we need a hose I.D. of 0.625 (5/8) inch or larger.
Use the same procedure for suction of return lines, except utilizing their respective maximum
recommended velocities.
Flow
Gallons per Minute
15
Pounds and Ounces to Kilograms
0 pounds to 40 pounds (by ounces)
OUNCES
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
KILOGRAMS
POUNDS
0
1
-
0.028 0.057 0.085 0.113 0.142 0.170 0.198 0.227 0.255 0.283 0.312 0.340 0.369 0.397 0.425
1
0.454 0.482 0.510 0.539 0.567 0.595 0.624 0.652 0.680 0.709 0.737 0.765 0.794 0.822 0.850 0.879
2
0.907 0.936 0.964 0.992 1.021 1.049 1.077 1.106 1.134 1.162 1.191 1.219 1.247 1.276 1.304 1.332
3
1.361 1.389 1.417 1.446 1.474 1.503 1.531 1.559 1.588 1.616 1.644 1.673 1.701 1.729 1.758 1.786
4
1.814 1.843 1.871 1.899 1.928 1.956 1.984 2.013 2.041 2.070 2.098 2.126 2.155 2.183 2.211 2.240
5
2.268 2.296 2.325 2.353 2.381 2.410 2.438 2.466 2.495 2.523 2.551 2.580 2.608 2.637 2.665 2.693
6
2.722 2.750 2.778 2.807 2.835 2.863 2.892 2.920 2.948 2.977 3.005 3.033 3.062 3.090 3.118 3.147
7
3.175 3.203 3.232 3.260 3.289 3.317 3.345 3.374 3.402 3.430 3.459 3.487 3.515 3.544 3.572 3.600
8
3.629 3.657 3.685 3.714 3.742 3.770 3.799 3.827 3.856 3.884 3.912 3.941 3.969 3.997 4.026 4.054
9
4.082 4.111 4.139 4.167 4.196 4.224 4.252 4.281 4.309 4.337 4.366 4.394 4.423 4.451 4.479 4.508
10
4.536 4.564 4.593 4.621 4.649 4.678 4.706 4.734 4.763 4.791 4.819 4.848 4.876 4.904 4.933 4.961
11
4.990 5.018 5.046 5.075 5.103 5.131 5.160 5.188 5.216 5.245 5.273 5.301 5.330 5.358 5.386 5.415
12
5.443 5.471 5.500 5.528 5.557 5.585 5.613 5.642 5.670 5.698 5.727 5.755 5.783 5.812 5.840 5.868
13
5.897 5.925 5.953 5.982 6.010 6.038 6.067 6.095 6.123 6.152 6.180 6.209 6.237 6.265 6.294 6.322
14
6.350 6.379 6.407 6.435 6.464 6.492 6.520 6.549 6.577 6.605 6.634 6.662 6.690 6.719 6.747 6.776
15
6.804 6.832 6.861 6.889 6.917 6.946 6.974 7.002 7.031 7.059 7.087 7.116 7.144 7.172 7.201 7.229
16
7.257 7.286 7.314 7.343 7.371 7.399 7.428 7.456 7.484 7.513 7.541 7.569 7.598 7.626 7.654 7.683
17
7.711 7.739 7.768 7.796 7.824 7.853 7.881 7.910 7.938 7.966 7.995 8.023 8.051 8.080 8.108 8.136
18
8.165 8.193 8.221 8.250 8.278 8.306 8.335 8.363 8.391 8.420 8.448 8.477 8.505 8.533 8.562 8.590
19
8.618 8.647 8.675 8.703 8.732 8.760 8.788 8.817 8.845 8.873 8.902 8.930 8.958 8.987 9.015 9.043
20
9.072 9.100 9.129 9.157 9.185 9.214 9.242 9.270 9.299 9.327 9.355 9.384 9.412 9.440 9.469 9.497
21
9.525 9.554 9.582 9.610 9.639 9.667 9.696 9.724 9.752 9.781 9.809 9.837 9.866 9.894 9.922 9.951
22
9.979 10.01 10.04 10.06 10.09 10.12 10.15 10.18 10.21 10.23 10.26 10.29 10.32 10.35 10.38 10.40
23
10.43 10.46 10.49 10.52 10.55 10.57 10.60 10.63 10.66 10.69 10.72 10.74 10.77 10.80 10.83 10.86
24
10.89 10.91 10.94 10.97 11.00 11.03 11.06 11.08 11.11 11.14 11.17 11.20 11.23 11.25 11.28 11.31
25
11.34 11.37 11.40 11.42 11.45 11.48 11.51 11.54 11.57 11.59 11.62 11.65 11.68 11.71 11.74 11.77
26
11.79 11.82 11.85 11.88 11.91 11.94 11.96 11.99 12.02 12.05 12.08 12.11 12.13 12.16 12.19 12.22
27
12.25 12.28 12.30 12.33 12.36 12.39 12.42 12.45 12.47 12.50 12.53 12.56 12.59 12.62 12.64 12.67
28
12.70 12.73 12.76 12.79 12.81 12.84 12.87 12.90 12.93 12.96 12.98 13.01 13.04 13.07 13.10 13.13
29
13.15 13.18 13.21 13.24 13.27 13.30 13.32 13.35 13.38 13.41 13.44 13.47 13.49 13.52 13.55 13.58
30
13.61 13.64 13.66 13.69 13.72 13.75 13.78 13.81 13.83 13.86 13.89 13.92 13.95 13.98 14.00 14.03
31
14.06 14.09 14.12 14.15 14.17 14.20 14.23 14.26 14.29 14.32 14.34 14.37 14.40 14.43 14.46 14.49
32
14.51 14.54 14.57 14.60 14.63 14.66 14.69 14.71 14.74 14.77 14.80 14.83 14.86 14.88 14.91 14.94
33
14.97 15.00 15.03 15.05 15.08 15.11 15.14 15.17 15.20 15.22 15.25 15.28 15.31 15.34 15.37 15.39
34
15.42 15.45 15.48 15.51 15.54 15.56 15.59 15.62 15.65 15.68 15.71 15.73 15.76 15.79 15.82 15.85
35
15.88 15.90 15.93 15.96 15.99 16.02 16.05 16.07 16.10 16.13 16.16 16.19 16.22 16.24 16.27 16.30
36
16.33 16.36 16.39 16.41 16.44 16.47 16.50 16.53 16.56 16.58 16.61 16.64 16.67 16.70 16.73 16.75
37
16.78 16.81 16.84 16.87 16.90 16.92 16.95 16.98 17.01 17.04 17.07 17.09 17.12 17.15 17.18 17.21
38
17.24 17.26 17.29 17.32 17.35 17.38 17.41 17.43 17.46 17.49 17.52 17.55 17.58 17.61 17.63 17.66
39
17.69 17.72 17.75 17.78 17.80 17.83 17.86 17.89 17.92 17.95 17.97 18.00 18.03 18.06 18.09 18.12
40
18.14 18.17 18.20 18.23 18.26 18.29 18.31 18.34 18.37 18.40 18.43 18.46 18.48 18.51 18.54 18.57
BASIS: 100 pounds 45.359 kilograms
16
Torque Conversions/Metric Conversions
TORQUE CONVERSIONS
METRIC TO ENGLISH
pound foot x 12 = pound inch
pound foot x 1.356 = Newton meter
Newton meter x 8.850 = pound inch
Newton meter x .0.737 = pound foot
pound inch x .083 = pound foot
pound inch x 0.113 = Newton meter
Recommended torque values for
aerospace are best determined by the
system manufacturer/user. High vibration
or side load installations may require
"special" torque recommendation.
The basic torque range, by size and
material combination, can be found
in SAE ARP908.
inches x 25.4 = millimeters (mm)
inches x 2.54 = centimeters (cm)
feet x .3048 = meters (m)
yard x .9144 = meters (m)
psi x .0689 = bar
psi x.0069 = Megapascals (MPa)
psi x .0703 = Kilogram force per square centimeter
(Kgf/cm2)
pound force x 4.448 = Newtons
pound • inch x .113 = Newton • meters (N • m)
pound • foot x 1.356 = Newton • meters (N • m)
millimeter x .0394 = inch (in)
centimeter x .3937 = inch (in)
meters x 3.281 = feet (ft)
meters x 1.0936 = yards (yd)
bar x 14.5 = psi
Megapascals x 145.0 = psi
Kilogram force per square centimeter x 14.22 = psi
Newtons x .2248 = pounds force (lb • f)
Newton • meter x 8.850 = pound • inches (lb • in)
Newton • meter x .737 = pound feet (lb • ft)
MILLIMETERS to FRACTIONS to DECIMALS
MM
INCHES
FRACTIONAL
DECIMAL
0.3969
1/64
0.0156
0.7938
1/32
1.1906
MM
INCHES
MM
INCHES
MM
INCHES
DECIMAL
6.7469
17/64
0.2656
13.0969
33/64
0.5156 19.4469
49/64
0.7656
0.0312
7.1438
9/32
0.2812
13.4938
17/32
0.5312 19.8438
25/32
0.7812
3/64
0.0468
7.5406
19/64
0.2968
13.8906
35/64
0.5468 20.2406
51/64
0.7968
1.5875
1/16
0.0625
7.9375
5/16
0.3125
14.2875
9/16
0.5625 20.2375
13/16
0.8125
1.9844
5/64
0.0781
8.3344
21/64
0.3281
14.6844
37/64
0.5781 21.0344
53/64
0.8281
2.3812
3/32
0.0937
8.7312
11/32
0.3437
15.0812
19/32
0.5937 21.4312
27/32
0.8437
2.7781
7/64
0.1093
9.1281
23/64
0.3593
15.4781
39/64
0.6093 21.8281
55/64
0 .8593
3.1750
1/8
0.1250
9.5250
3/8
0.3750
15.8750
5/8
0.6250 22.2250
7/8
0.8750
3.5719
9/64
0.1406
9.9219
25/64
0.3906
16.2719
41/64
0.6406 22.6219
57/64
0.8906
3.9688
5/32
0.1562
10.3188
13/32
0.4062
16.6688
21/32
0.6562 23.0188
29/32
0.9062
0.4218
17.0656
43/64
0.6718 23.4156
59/64
0.9218
11/16
0.6875 23.8125
15/16
0.9375
4.3656
11/64
0.1718
10.7156
27/64
FRACTIONAL DECIMAL
FRACTIONAL DECIMAL
FRACTIONAL
4.7625
3/16
0.1875
11.1125
7/16
0.4375
17.4625
5.1594
13/64
0.2031
11.5094
29/64
0.4531
17.8594
45/64
0.7031 24.2094
61/64
0.9531
5.5562
7/32
0.2187
11.9062
15/32
0.4687
18.2562
23/32
0.7187 24.6062
31/32
0.9687
5.9531
15/64
0.2343
12.3031
31/64
0.4843
18.6531
47/64
0.7343 25.0031
63/64
0.9843
6.3500
1/4
0.2500
12.7000
1/2
0.5000
19.0500
3/4
0.7500 25.4000
1
1.0000
17
Pressure Conversions
KILOPASCALS
(KPa)
MEGAPASCALS
(MPa)
BAR
(bar)
KILOGRAMS
PER SQ.
CENTIMETER
POUNDS PER
SQUARE INCH
(psi)
POUNDS PER
SQUARE INCH
(psi)
KILOPASCALS
(KPa)
MEGAPASCALS
(MPa)
BAR
(bar)
KILOGRAMS
PER SQ.
CENTIMETER
100
0.1
1
1.0
14.5
10
68.9
0.07
0.7
0.70
200
0.2
2
2.0
29.0
20
137.9
0.14
1.4
1.41
300
0.3
3
3.1
43.5
30
206.8
0.21
2.1
2.11
400
0.4
4
4.1
58.0
40
275.8
0.28
2.8
2.81
500
0.5
5
5.1
72.5
50
344.7
0.34
3.4
3.52
600
0.6
6
6.1
87.0
60
413.7
0.41
4.1
4.22
700
0.7
7
7.1
101.5
70
482.6
0.48
4.8
4.92
800
0.8
8
8.2
116.0
80
551.6
0.55
5.5
5.63
900
0.9
9
9.2
130.5
90
620.5
0.62
6.2
6.33
1,000
1.0
10
10.2
145.0
100
689
0.7
6.9
7.00
2,000
2.0
20
20.4
290.1
200
1,379
1.4
13.8
14.10
3,000
3.0
30
30.6
435.1
300
2,068
2.1
20.7
21.10
4,000
4.0
40
40.8
580.2
400
2,758
2.8
27.6
28.10
5,000
5.0
50
51.0
725.2
500
3,447
3.4
34.5
35.20
6,000
6.0
60
61.2
870.2
600
4,137
4.1
41.4
42.20
7,000
7.0
70
71.4
1,015.3
700
4,826
4.8
48.3
49.20
8,000
8.0
80
81.6
1,160.3
800
5,516
5.5
55.2
56.30
9,000
9.0
90
91.8
1,305.3
900
6,205
6.2
62.1
63.30
10,000
10
100
102.0
1,450
1,000
6,895
6.9
68.9
70.30
20,000
20
200
204.0
2,901
2,000
13,790
13.8
137.9
140.70
30,000
30
300
306.0
4,351
3,000
20,684
20.7
206.8
211.00
40,000
40
400
408.0
5,802
4,000
27,579
27.6
275.8
281.30
50,000
50
500
510.0
7,252
5,000
34,474
34.5
344.7
351.60
60,000
60
600
612.0
8,702
6,000
41,369
41.4
413.7
421.90
70,000
70
700
714.0
10,153
7,000
48,263
48.3
482.6
492.30
80,000
80
800
816.0
11,603
8,000
55,158
55.2
551.6
562.60
90,000
90
900
918.0
13,053
9,000
62,053
62.1
620.5
632.90
100,000
100
1000
1020.0
14,504
10,000
68,948
68.9
689
703.00
200,000
200
2000
2040.0
29,008
20,000
137,895
137.9
1,379
1406.00
300,000
300
3000
3060.0
43,511
30,000
206,843
206.8
2,068
2110.00
40,000
275,790
275.8
2,758
2813.00
18
Temperature Conversions
TO USE: Find the temperature to be converted (either Celsius or Fahrenheit) in the center column.
If known temperature is Celsius, read the Fahrenheit conversion in the left column. If known
temperature is Fahrenheit, read the Celsius conversion in the right column.
ºC = 5/9 (ºF-32)
ºF = 9 x ºC + 32
5
EXAMPLE: 50.0 10 -12.2
10ºC = 50ºF
10ºF = -12.2ºC
ºF
-94.0
-89.0
-85.0
-76.0
-67.0
-58.0
-56.2
-54.4
-52.6
-50.8
-49.0
-47.2
-45.4
-43.6
-41.8
-40.0
-38.2
-36.4
-34.6
-32.8
-31.0
-29.2
-27.4
-25.6
-23.8
-22.0
-20.2
-18.4
-16.6
-14.8
-13.0
-11.2
- 9.4
- 7.6
- 5.8
- 4.0
- 2.2
- 0.4
1.4
3.2
5.0
6.8
8.6
10.4
12.2
14.0
15.8
17.6
19.4
21.2
23.0
24.8
26.6
28.4
ºC
-70
-67
-65
-60
-55
-50
-49
-48
-47
-46
-45
-44
-43
-42
-41
-40
-39
-38
-37
-36
-35
-34
-33
-32
-31
-30
-29
-28
-27
-26
-25
-24
-23
-22
-21
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-57
-55
-54
-51
-48
-45.6
-45.0
-44.4
-43.9
-43.3
-42.8
-42.2
-41.7
-41.1
-40.6
-40.0
-39.4
-38.9
-38.3
-37.8
-37.2
-36.7
-36.1
-35.6
-35.0
-34.4
-33.9
-33.3
-32.8
-32.2
-31.7
-31.1
-30.6
-30.0
-29.4
-28.9
-28.3
-27.8
-27.2
-26.7
-26.1
-25.6
-25.0
-24.4
-23.9
-23.3
-22.8
-22.2
-21.7
-21.1
-20.6
-20.0
-19.4
-18.9
ºF
30.2
32.0
33.8
35.6
37.4
39.2
41.0
42.8
44.6
46.4
48.2
50.0
51.8
53.6
55.4
57.2
59.0
60.8
62.6
64.4
66.2
68.0
69.8
71.6
73.4
75.2
77.0
78.8
80.6
82.4
84.2
86.0
87.8
89.6
91.4
93.2
95.0
96.8
98.6
100.4
102.2
104.0
105.8
107.6
109.4
111.2
113.0
114.8
116.6
118.4
120.2
122.0
123.8
125.6
ºC
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
-18.3
-17.8
-17.2
-16.7
-16.1
-15.6
-15.0
-14.4
-13.9
-13.3
-12.8
-12.2
-11.7
-11.1
-10.6
-10.0
-9.4
-8.9
-8.3
-7.8
-7.2
-6.7
-6.1
-5.6
-5.0
-4.4
-3.9
-3.3
-2.8
-2.2
-1.7
-1.1
-0.6
0.0
0.6
1.1
1.7
2.2
2.8
3.3
3.9
4.4
5.0
5.6
6.1
6.7
7.2
7.8
8.3
8.9
9.4
10.0
10.6
11.1
ºF
127.4
129.2
131.0
132.8
134.6
136.4
138.2
140.0
141.8
143.6
145.4
147.2
149.0
150.8
152.6
154.4
156.2
158.0
159.8
161.6
163.4
165.2
167.0
168.8
170.6
172.4
174.2
176.0
177.8
179.6
181.4
183.2
185.0
186.8
188.6
190.4
192.2
194.0
195.8
197.6
199.4
201.2
203.0
204.8
206.6
208.4
210.2
212.0
213.8
215.6
217.4
219.2
221.0
222.8
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
ºC
ºF
11.7
12.2
12.8
13.3
13.9
14.4
15.0
15.6
16.1
16.7
17.2
17.8
18.3
18.9
19.4
20.0
20.6
21.1
21.7
22.2
22.8
23.3
23.9
24.4
25.0
25.6
26.1
26.7
27.2
27.8
28.3
28.9
29.4
30.0
30.6
31.1
31.7
32.2
32.8
33.3
33.9
34.4
35.0
35.6
36.1
36.7
37.2
37.8
38.3
38.9
39.4
40.0
40.6
41.1
224.6
226.4
228.2
230.0
231.8
233.6
235.4
237.2
239.0
240.8
242.6
244.4
246.2
248.0
249.3
251.6
253.4
255.2
257.0
258.8
260.6
262.4
264.2
266.0
267.8
269.6
271.4
273.2
275.0
276.8
278.6
280.4
282.2
284.0
285.8
287.6
289.4
291.2
293.0
294.8
296.6
298.4
300.2
302.0
303.8
305.6
307.4
309.2
311.0
312.8
314.6
316.4
318.2
320.0
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
ºC
ºF
41.7
42.2
42.8
43.3
43.9
44.4
45.0
45.6
46.1
46.7
47.2
47.8
48.3
48.9
49.4
50.0
50.6
51.1
51.7
52.2
52.8
53.3
53.9
54.4
55.0
55.6
56.1
56.7
57.2
57.8
58.3
58.9
59.4
60.0
60.6
61.1
61.7
62.2
62.8
63.3
63.9
64.4
65.0
65.6
66.1
66.7
67.2
67.8
68.3
68.9
69.4
70.0
70.6
71.1
321.8
323.6
325.4
327.2
329.0
330.8
332.6
334.4
336.2
338.0
339.8
341.6
343.4
345.2
347.0
348.8
350.6
352.4
354.2
356.0
357.8
359.6
361.4
363.2
365.0
366.8
368.6
370.4
372.2
374.0
375.8
377.6
379.4
381.2
383.0
384.8
386.6
388.4
390.2
392.0
393.8
395.6
397.4
399.2
401.0
402.8
404.6
406.4
408.2
410.0
411.8
413.6
415.4
417.2
ºC
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
ºF
71.7 419.0
72.2 420.8
72.8 422.6
73.3 424.4
73.9 426.2
74.4 428.0
75.0 429.8
75.6 431.6
76.1 433.4
76.7 435.2
77.2 437.0
77.8 438.8
78.3 440.6
78.9 442.4
79.4 444.2
80.0 446.0
80.6 447.8
81.1 449.6
81.7 451.4
82.2 453.2
82.8 455.0
83.3 456.8
83.9 458.6
84.4 460.4
85.0 462.2
85.6 464.0
86.1 465.8
86.7 467.6
87.2 469.4
87.8 471.2
88.3 473.0
88.9 474.8
89.4 476.6
90.0 478.4
90.6 480.2
91.1 482
91.7 500
92.2 518
92.8 536
93.3 554
93.9 572
94.4 590
95.0 608
95.6 626
96.1 644
96.7 662
97.2 680
97.8 698
98.3 716
98.9 734
99.4 752
100.0 842
100.6 932
101.1 1472
ºC
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
450
500
800
101.7
102.2
102.8
103.3
103.9
104.4
105.0
105.6
106.1
106.7
107.2
107.8
108.3
108.9
109.4
110.0
110.6
111.1
111.7
112.2
112.8
113.3
113.9
114.4
115.0
115.6
116.1
116.7
117.2
117.8
118.3
118.9
119.4
120.0
120.6
121
127
132
138
143
149
154
160
166
171
177
182
188
193
199
204
232
260
427
19
Stratoflex Products Division
Sales Offices
3800 Calle Tecate
Camarillo, CA 93012
phone 805 484-8533
fax
805 987-8958
cage
11362
220 Roberts Cut-Off Road
Fort Worth, TX 76114
phone 817 738-6543
fax
817 738-9920
cage
98441
2575 W. 5th Street
Jacksonville, FL 32254
phone 904 389-3400
fax
904 389-5874
cage
50599
© 2009 Parker Hannifin Corporation
Sales Offices Pamphlet 107, 5M
Parker Hannifin Corporation
Parker Aerospace
Stratoflex Products Division
220 Roberts Cut-Off Road
Fort Worth, TX 76114 USA
phone 817 738-6543
fax 817 738-9920
www.parker.com
4/09