Key Terms
Notes
Annotations
behavior
geneticists
environment
chromosome
dna
genes
genome
identical twins
fraternal twins
temperaments
What are genes and how do they affect real life?
heredity interats w/ our experience to create both
human nature and individual and social diversity
-23 chromosome (composed of coiled chain of
dna) from mom, 23 from dad
genes are small segment of giant dna molecules.
-they can be active or inactive, and these have
the code for making protein molecules
do the shapes of
the chromosome
match? how do
they know if they
are one parent's
or
anothers?
there is a common sequence within human dan
-99.9% same w/ other humans
-99.4% similarity rates w/ chimpanzees
slight differences explain why certain things=diff
-most traits affected by many genes
identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg
that splits into and they are genetically identical
-number of copies of the genes are different and
amount of nourishment while fetus may make
differences
-fraterna twins develop from separate fertilized
eggs.
identical twins are same sex only while fraternal is
not
outgoingness and neuroticism (emotional stability)
are more similar w/i identical twins
there was a study and fraternal twins have 1.6x
chance of divorcing if one does and identical has
5.5x if one does, so 50% of divorce risks attribute
to genes
a guy named jim had an identical twin named jim
and they had extremely similar heart rate,
personality, intelligence, brain waves despite being
separated at birth
really interesting
how such a small
difference could
make
such a big impact
on the beings
so the saying the
one is entirely
unique is kind of
wrong because
identical twins are
the same as there
person
which means
personality is
gene related. i
think since
socially
awkward
nerds/geeks have
a low chance of
having an
offspring
with a nonsocially-awkard
person, if you
think about it
oskar and jack also were similar twins that were
separated, they had similar habits ilke flushing
before using the toiler and falling asleep in front of
the television
critics say "plural of anecdote is not data"- if two
strangers spend hours talking about themselves,
they would find something similar- but studies
show fraternal twins don't show the same
similarities as identical twins
adopted families who grow up together don't have
similar personalities
finding: environment shared by a family's c hildren
has virtually no discernible impact on their
personalities.
heredity affects personalities of apes too
parenting does matter however-religions and stuff
many adopted children score higher in intelligence
tests on than biological parents
temperament- emotional exciability
-intense, fidgety, easygoing, quiet and placid
--diifficult babies are moirritable and intense
easy babies are cheerful relaxed and predictable
slow to warm up infants tend to resist from new
people & situations
---more emo. reactive newborns tend to be most
reactive 9months olds
fearfl 2 year old are shy are 8 year olds. about half
will be introverted adolescents
-most emotionally intense preschoolers tend to be
relatively intense young adults.
heredity predisposes it.
nerds and geeks
are different
species from nongeeks and nerds
considering that
personality such
as outgoingness
is largely
dependet
on genes
i think personality
and such is not
depdent on the
envionrment
becos
humans as a
species wouldn't
grow up to be as
good in stressful
environments
for example, if
being at a
dangerous
environment
(dinosaur age)
makes one timid
it could lower his
chance of survival
i wonder if it was
ethical for the
swedish
psychologists to
divide the
identical/paternal
twins. i guess it
could be if the
consent is given
by the parent, but
considering the
high
number of twins
used and the % of
occurrence of
twins that
probably didn't
happen