1.)
Plasmids ___________.
1. Replicate independently of the main chromosome
2. Often contain antibiotic resistance genes
3. Are transferred from one bacterium to another by conjugation
4. Allow bacteria to survive in adverse conditions
5. All of the above
2. Sparrows with average-sized wings survive severe storms better than those with longer or shorter
wings, illustrating
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
the bottleneck effect
stabilizing selection
neutral variation
disruptive selection
none of the above
3. Which of the following is not a condition for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
no gene flow
no mutations
no natural selection
no random mating
all of the above are conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg theorem.
4. Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and Audubon’s warbler as distinct species. Recently,
these birds have been classified as eastern and western forms of a single species, the yellowrumped warbler. Which of the following pieces of evidence, if true, would be cause for this
reclassification?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The two forms are observed to interbreed successfully where their habitats overlap.
The two forms live in similar habitats.
The two forms have many genes in common.
The two forms have similar food requirements.
The two forms are very similar in coloration.
5. Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian
islands have different elaborate courtship rituals that involve fighting other males and stylized
movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent?
1. habitat isolation
2.
3.
4.
5.
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
postzygotic barriers
6. A mule, a sterile, hybrid offspring of a donkey and a horse, is an example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a postzygotic reproductive barrier
reduced hybrid fertility
reduced hybrid viability
a and b
a and c
7.)
A(n) ____________ allows a bacteria to preserve their chromosome through some of the
harshest conditions, and can only be killed by applying high heat and pressure simultaneously.
1. Cell wall
2. Outer membrane
3. Envelope
4. Endospore
5. Restrictive enzyme
8.)
Allopatric speciation involves intrinsic factors.
1. true
2. false
9.)
Prokaryotes found inhabiting the Great Salt Lake would be ___________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
10.)
Cyanobacteria
Extreme halophiles
Methanogens
Extreme thermophiles
Lipopolysaccharides on a bacteria are found on the _________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Peptidoglycan
Flagellum
Cilia
Outer membrane
Plasma Membrane
11.)
The form of horizontal gene transfer in which a virus is responsible for bringing new genetic
material to a bacterium.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Translocation
Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Plasmolyze
12.)
In natural selection, _____ determines which phenotypes are successful.
a.) chance
b.) the environment
c.) sample size
d.) genetic drift
e.) human intervention
13.)
The smallest unit that can evolve is a(n) _____.
a.) population
b.) genotype
c.) individual
d.) species
e.) morph
14.) In the case of the Lake Victoria cichlids, sympatric speciation has been shown to be driven by
______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Polyploidy
Habitat differentiation
Mechanical isolation
Sexual selection
Post-zygotic barriers
15.)
Animals that possess homologous structures probably _____.
a.) are headed for extinction
b.) evolved from the same ancestor
c.) have increased genetic diversity
d.) by chance had similar mutations independently in the past
e.) are not related
16.)
_____ and _____ generate variation, while _____ results in an adaptation to the
environment.
a.) Genetic drift |natural selection | mutation
b.) Overproduction of offspring | mutation | sexual recombination
c.) Mutation | sexual recombination | natural selection
d.) Natural selection | mutation | sexual recombination
e.) Sexual recombination | natural selection | overproduction
17.)
A population of 15 birds inhabits a fairly new island. Ten of the birds are dark-brown and five of
them are light brown. By chance, two of the dark brown birds and three of the light-brown birds die
before producing any offspring. All of the birds in the next generation are dark brown. This change in
phenotypic frequency can be attributed to _____.
a.) natural selection
b.) cline
c.) gene flow
d.) disruptive selection
e.) genetic drift
18.)
An earthquake hits a small island. All but a small group of closely related lizards are eliminated,
and the survivors spread out over the island. This is an instance of _____.
a.) founder effect
b.) bottleneck effect
c.) gene flow
d.) mutation
e.) nonrandom mating
19.)
Which of the following is the best example of gene flow?
a.) A small population of humans colonizes a newly formed island.
b.) Genes are shuffled by the crossing over of chromosomes during meiosis.
c.) An earthquake results in the formation of a canyon, splitting a population of toads apart.
d.) Wind blows pollen from one population of plants to another and cross-fertilization occurs.
e.) All the mutations in a population were neutral.
20.)
Which term below is a pattern of evolutionary change involving the accumulation of changes
that gradually transform a species into a species with different characteristics?
a.) anagenesis
b.) microevolution
c.) macroevolution
d.) cladogenesis
e.) branching evolution
21.)
Imagine a scenario in which part of a population of South American finches is blown by a storm
onto an island far offshore and manages to survive and reproduce there for a period of 10,000 years.
After that period, a climate change results in lower sea levels and the reconnection of the island with
the mainland. Members of the formerly isolated island finch population can now interact freely with
members of the original mainland population. Which of the following observations would, by itself, lead
you to conclude unequivocally that the island finch population had evolved into a distinct species?
a.) The island birds all have red feathers, but the mainland birds have green
feathers.
b.) Individuals from the different populations sometimes mate with each other,
but all
of the resulting eggs are sterile.
c.) The preferred food of the island birds is quite different from the diet of
mainland birds.
d.) Individuals from the different populations frequently direct courtship behavior
toward members of the other population.
e.) Hybrid offspring of matings between individuals from the two populations do
not
look like either parent.
22.) Three species of frogs, Rana pipiens, Rana clamitans, and Rana sylvatica, all mate in the same
ponds, but they pair off correctly because they have different calls. This is a specific example of a _____
barrier, called _____.
a.) prezygotic barrier ... behavioral isolation
b.) postzygotic ... hybrid breakdown
c.) prezygotic ... temporal isolation
d.) postzygotic ... mechanical isolation
e.) prezygotic ... gametic isolation
23.)
If a new species of plant is to be produced by means of allopolyploidy from two parental species
that are 2n = 4 and 2n = 8, how many chromosomes would you expect in the somatic cells of the new
species?
a.) 6
b.) 24
c.) 12
d.) 48
e.) none of the above
24.)
According to the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution _____.
a.) isolated species changing over a few thousand generations represent graduated
equilibrium, not punctuated equilibrium
b.) polyploidy is not a mechanism of punctuated equilibrium
c.) the tempo of evolution comprises abrupt episodes of speciation among long
periods of equilibrium
d.) Fossils of organisms that existed during periods of stasis should be as
abundant as those of organisms that existed during periods of rapid change.
e.) none of the above
25.)
Protobionts, such as liposomes, display which of the following rudimentary qualities necessary
for life?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the ability to accurately replicate and build macromolecules
the ability to perform simple reproduction and metabolism
the ability to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules
the ability to maintain an internal chemical environment different from their
surroundings and to reproduce sexually
5. the ability to perform simple metabolism and to assemble nucleic acids from
nucleotides
26.)
27.)
T / F Fitness is the ability for an individual to reproduce.
The early atmosphere on Earth is thought to have lacked which one of the following gases?
a.) carbon dioxide
b.) methane gas
c.) water
d.) nitrogen
e.) oxygen
28.)
Brown moths live in a dark forest. Suddenly the climate changes and the forest is always
covered in snow. After several generations, the moths have all become white. What type of selection
does this represent?
a. directional selection
b. disruptive selection
c. stabilizing selection
d. this example does not represent selection
29.)
The feet of tree-dwelling salamanders are webbed and have shorter digits than the feet of
ground-dwelling salamanders. This adaptation could be ______. (hint: ancestral salamanders were
ground dwellers.)
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
An example of heterochrony
An example of sympatric speciation
An exaptation
An example of paedomorphosis
None of the above
30.)
Which of the following most strongly suggest that an impact by an asteroid of meteorite may
have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
31.)
Fossils show that dinosaors suffered from cold and starvation.
Sedimentary rocks contain a layer of iridium, a mineral uncommon to earth.
There have been several near misses in the recent years.
The dinosaurs disappeared rather abruptily,v irtually overnight.
Fossils indicate that most dinaosaurs were looking up when they died.
The presence of which of the following led scientists to believe that RNA preceded DNA.
51.
52.
53.
54.
Protobionts
Plasmids
Ribozymes
Sex pilus
32.)
T/F organisms from domain archaea are more closely related to other bacteria than to
eukaryotes.
33.)
An F+ cell joins with an F- cell by forming a(n) ____________ between the two cells. This
process is known as__________.
63.
64.
65.
66.
Gene bridge; plasmidial reproduction
Sex pilus; conjugation
Ester linkage; asexual reproduction
Transdction; paedomorphosis
34.)
Which of the following statements concerning evolution is true?
67.
68.
69.
70.
Genotype directs phenotype
Phenotype directs genotype
Traits that serve no advantage will always be eliminated
Organisms evolve towards perfection
35.)
A scientist engineers a bacteriophage with the protein coat of a T2 phage but with the DNA of a
T4 phage. When this phage infects a bacterium, which of the following statements accurately describes
the new viruses that will be produced?
1.
2.
3.
4.
They will all have T4 DNA and T2 protein coats
Some will have T4 DNA and some will have T2 DNA
They will all have T4 DNA and T4 proteins
All will have T2 DNA and T2 proteins
36.)
When a virus incorporates its genetic material into the host genome, it is known as a
______________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
37.)
Heterovirus
Provirus
Homovirus
Euvirus
Which of the following events does not play a role in the life cycle of a typical retrovirus?
1. Viral DNA is injected into the host cell
2. Viral DNA is integrated into the host genome
3. The gene for reverse transcriptase is transcribed and the mRNA is translated inside the
host cell
4. Viral DNA incorporated into the host genome may be replicated along with the host
DNA
38.)
Which of the following definitions is false?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Plasmid- extra genetic material not part of the main chromosome
Transposon- pieces of DNA that can move around in the genome
Viroids- infectious proteins that will convert healthy proteins into infected ones
Protobionts-membrane enclosed self-replicating molecules
39.)
If a certain gene possesses only two alleles, and the dominant allele represents 90% of the gene
pool, how many individuals display the recessive phenotype?
1.
2.
3.
4.
0%
1%
18%
10%
40.)
Which of the following is least likely to disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
1.
2.
3.
4.
41.)
Emigration of part of a population
A predator that selectively takes the old and sick
A massive flood killing 15% of a large homogeneous population
None of the above would cause disruption in the H.W. Equilibrium
If two species are members of the same order, they must also be members of the same
1.
2.
3.
4.
Habitat
Family
Class
Biome
42.)
If, in a very large population, a certain gene possesses only two alleles and 36% of the
population is homozygous dominant, what percentage of the population are heterozygotes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
43.)
New alleles originate from ___________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
44).
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Sexual recombination
The environment
Mutation
Restriction enzymes help defend bacteria against viral infections by ___________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
45.)
16%
24%
36%
48%
Preventing the binding of the virus to the cell surface
Preventing entry of the viral DNA into the cell.
Cutting viral DNA once it has entered the cell
Preventing the synthesis of viral capsomeres in the cell
Preventing integration of the viral genome into the host chromosome
Which of the following, if any, may be a component of a virus?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Protein
Double-stranded DNA
Phospholipid bilayer
Single-stranded RNA
All of the above
46.) Which of the following can a virus do without a host cell?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Synthesize proteins
Produce ATP for energy
Transcribe RNA
Produce nucleotides for use in replication and transcription
None of the above
47.)
The phage reproductive cycle that kills the bacterial host cell is a _______ cycle, and a phage
that always reproduces this way is a ___________ phage.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lytic; Lysogenic
Lysogenic; Temperate
Lytic; Virulent
Lysogenic; Virulent
Virulent; Lytic
48.)
Gram-negative bacteria have ________ peptidoglycan than gram-positive cells, and their cell
walls are ________ complex structurally.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
49.)
An F+ bacterial cell ______________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
50.)
More; more
More; less
Less; less
Less; more
None of the above
Acts as a receptor during conjugation
Transfers DNA by way of transduction
Has many antibiotic resistance genes
Acts as a donor during conjugation
Uses fimbrae to transfer DNA
Which of the following is true about R plasmids?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They can only carry one resistance gene for resistance to one antibiotic
They can be transferred from one bacterium to another via conjugation
They can carry several resistance genes
Both A and B
Both B and C