7th Annual North American Passive House Conference
September 2727-30, 2012 Denver CO
Testing Protocols &
Certification Standards:
RESNET & PHIUS+
Kristof Irwin, Principal
Positive Energy
Austin, Texas
Positive Energy
•Integrative Building Science
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•IAQ Consulting & Testing
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7th Annual North American Passive House Conference
September 2727-30, 2012 Denver CO
Session Learning Objectives:
• Learning Objectives
– See larger motion in industry
– Comparison of Testing Procedures
– Comparison of Standards
– HERS Rating for PH project in CZ-2A
– Understanding of new PHIUS+ Standards
In this Talk
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RESNET Standards
Energy Star Version 3 Requirements
DoE Challenge Home Requirements
PHIUS+ Requirements
Not In this Talk
Detailed Treatment of:
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RESNET Standards
Energy Star Version 3 Requirements
Challenge Home Requirements
PHIUS+ Requirements
Home Building Industry
About making money.
Industry driver over past few
decades is efficient process.
Industry driver now shifting
to efficient homes.
Industry Goal
High Performance Homes
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Healthy
Safe
Comfortable
Durable
Energy Efficient
High Performance Homes
How?
• Inspect – know what to
look for and why
• Test – sympathetic
understanding of test
equipment & process
• Certify (QA/QC)
• Verification & Certification
(V&C)
Simple
• Inspect
• Test
Inspect & Verify
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Vented/Unvented
U-factor
R-value
Insulation Grade
SHGC
VT
CFA
Perimeter
Orientation
Shading
Radiant Barrier
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SEER
EER
HSPF
AFUE
COP
CFM/Watt
kWh/yr
EF
Perms
Emissivity
Performance Testing
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ACH50
ACHn
CFM25-Total
CFM20-Exterior
TESP/ESP
T&B
Delta-Q
Delta-T
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R2R Delta-P
H2E Delta-P
IAQ
CAZ
Worst Case
Gas Leakage
Exhaust CFM
Ventilation CFM
Simplicity?
"Everything should be made as simple as
possible, but not simpler.“
- Albert Einstein
The Other Side of Simplicity
"I would not give a fig for the simplicity on this side of
complexity, but I would give my life for the simplicity on
the other side of complexity.“
- Oliver Wendell Holmes
(often attributed to Einstein)
How do these relate?
Performance Testing
Metrics for Buildings
Start: RESNET Standards (Ch 8 + Appendix A)
+ Energy Model/Reference Home = HERS Index
+ TERC, HVAC Rater/Contractor, IAQ, WM = ESV3
+ Ducts in conditioned, IECC2012 Envelope,
Water Htg Eff, ES L&A, IAQ, WM, RERH
= Challenge Home
+ PHIUS Checklist = PHIUS Certified Home
RESNET Standards
• Maintains Technical
Standards and provides
oversight for the Home
Energy Ratings System
(HERS)
• Provides Accreditation
Standards, Ethical
Standards, and Protocols
• ANSI SDO
• 501 [c] [3] Not-for-Profit
Educational Organization
RESNET Standards
100 National Standard
200 Training & Certification
300 Rating Tech Standards
400 Builder Option Packages
500 Revision of Standards
600 Sampled Ratings
700 Home Energy Audit Standards
800 Performance Testing & Work Scope
900 Quality Assurance
Appendix A – On-Site Inspection Procedures
Performance Testing
& On-Site Verification
• Chapter 8 “RESNET Standard for Performance
Testing and Work Scope: Enclosure and Air
Distribution Leakage Testing”
• Appendix A “On-Site Inspection Procedures for
Minimum Rated Features”
• New Appendix A just completed initial public
comment period as part of ANSI process
RESNET Standards –
Chapter 8
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801 Background
802 Building Enclosure Air Tightness Testing
803 Duct Leakage Testing
804 Ventilation Air Flow Testing
805 Work Scope and Combustion Safety
806 Gas Leakage Testing
807 Worst Case Depressurization Testing
808 Carbon Monoxide Testing
809 Work Scope for Contractors
Chapter 8
801 Envelope Leakage Testing
• “Procedures for Building Enclosure Air
Tightness Testing”
802.1.1 Single Point Test
802.1.2 Multi-Point Test*
802.1.3 Repeated Single Point Test
*Per ASTM E779-10 e.g. TecTite
Software (PHIUS+)
Chapter 8 Air Distribution
System Leakage Testing
• “On-Site Inspection Procedures for Duct
Leakage Testing”
• 803.3 Prepare bldg
• 803.4 Install equip
• 803.5 Total leakage
• 803. Exterior Leakage
Leakage Metrics (%)
• Based on Airflow
• Based on CFA
Chapter 8
804 Ventilation Air Flow Testing
• 804.1 Air Flows into Grilles
– 804.1.1 Powered Flow Hood
– 804.1.2 Air Flow Resistance
Chapter 8
804 Ventilation Air Flow Testing
• 804.2 Air Flows Out of Grilles
– 804.2.1 Powered Flow Hood
– 804.2.2 Bag Inflation
Chapter 8
804 Ventilation Air Flow Testing
804.X Air Flows Within Ducts
Performance Testing
Metrics for Buildings
HERS Index
HERS Index
HERS Index = PEF x
Total Energy Use: Rated Home
Total Energy Use: Reference Home
PEF (Purchased Energy Fraction) =
Total Energy Used – On-Site Power Produced
Total Energy Used
HERS Rating of PH Project
• Done as part of GEM Program
• Goal is create transparent, market-accepted vehicle to create
financial incentives for home performance upgrades.
• Working to use the HERS index to create standardized
premium that will communicate to:
– Buyers/Owners
– Lenders
– Appraisers
HERS INDEX, CREATES MARKET STANDARDS
E-4
E-3
HERS INDEX +
Appraisal Rating
E 1-5=Level of Building
Performance Efficiency
E-2
E-1
Compliments, RESNET, RMI, EQS, Inc
All Rights Reserved
EE Rating
Comp #1
Comp #2
Comp #3
Quantifies Energy Reductions
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Utility
Regional/Neighborhood
Baseline Energy Usage
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Predicted Energy Reduction
HERS Audit
HERS Index
LEED Certified, etc.
CRITERIA:
• Obtain utility cost baselines from utility-10-25
mile radius
• Use same square footage, similar age, quality
• Aggregate data for 4 or more houses closest to
subject property
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Compare predicted energy costs-HERS Audit
Calculate PV & DER averages for IPVs
Upgrade capital outlay = $44,500
$ 2400 Yr. Energy Savings = $32,954 IPV
$ Loan Interest Savings+ $21,546
Total Equity/Savings = $54,500
Pay off 9 years @ 20 Yr. Loan
$270 PMT
© Copyright 2012, EQS Inc, All Rights Reserved
Case Study: Austin, Texas
North
Wall Construction
H¾
A X
R P
DS
I
P
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A
N
K
¾
P
I
N
E
Cellulose
In a 2x4
Cavity
O 3” Space
S Filled w
B fiberglass
blown –in
V insulation
A
Mini Shelves P All Elec.
Made from
O And
Landscape
R Plumbing
fabric used
ran
to avoid
B through
settling every A this gap
36”
R
R Minishelves
Fiberglass in a
2x4 cavity
Mini shelves
5
/
8
”
G
Y
P
B
O
A
R
D
Windows
• Inline fiberglass windows.
• Looked for the cheapest possible windows that will
meet the air infiltration standards and go from there.
• Inline 325 series double paned with low E 366 glass
was the cheapest (SHGC .19, glazing u .28, frame u
.26).
• SHGC was more important
than the frames or glazing.
• Going triple pane brought
Loads down by .04 of a kBtu
Specs
•Uninsulated Slab
•R-35 Walls
•R-50 Roof
•Fiberglass Windows 0.28/0.19
•9kBtuh Fujitsu Mini-Split (27.2 SEER)
•Zehnder ComfoUnit 350 (ERV)
•Rheem 2EF HP Water Heater
•CFM50 = 120
•ACH50 = 0.41
REM/Rate Energy Model
HERS Index = 40 (No PV)
HERS Index = -1 (w/ 6kW PV)
Heating 60
Service Charge 72
Cooling 103
Water Heating 121
Lights & App 560
Energy Bills
• PHPP predicts monthly use of 1266 kWh.
• Actual:
– June 2011
975kWh
– July 2011
1055kWh
– August 2011
1250kWh
Performance Testing
Metrics for Buildings
ESV3
ENERGY STAR Qualified Homes, Version 3 (Rev. 06)
• Prescriptive Path
• Performance Path
• ESV3 Reference Home
• Thermal Enclosure System Rater Checklist
• HVAC System Quality Installation Rater Checklist
• HVAC System Quality Installation Contractor
Checklist
• Water Management System Builder Checklist
• Indoor air PLUS Verification Checklist
TERC
HVAC Contractor
HVAC Rater
Water Management
Indoor airPLUS (EPA)
DoE Challenge Home
“The DOE Challenge Home — an ambitious
successor to the Builders Challenge program
— represents a whole new level of home
performance, with rigorous requirements
that ensure outstanding levels of energy
savings, comfort, health, and durability.”
DoE Challenge Home
•Exclusive
•Tech-Savvy
•Advanced
•Ultra-Efficient
•Better Air Quality
•Luxurious
•Quality Built
•Water Efficiency
•Enduring Value
Challenge Home – Exhibit 1
Challenge Home – Exhibit 2
Envelope Leakage
• IECC2009: 402.4.2 Air Sealing and Insulation
– 402.4.2.1 ACH50 ≤ 7
– 402.4.2.2 Visual Inspection Option
• ESV3: Exhibit 1 Envelope, Windows & Doors
– ACH50 ≤ 6 (CZ-1,2) ; ≤ 5 (CZ-3,4)
– ACH50 ≤ 4 (CZ-5,6,7) ; ≤ 3 (CZ-8)
• IECC2012: R404.4.2 Air Leakage (Mandatory)
– R402.4.1.1 ACH50 ≤ 5 (CZ1-2); ≤ 3 (CZ 3-8)
• PHIUS
– ACH50 ≤ 0.6 + TecTite Software required
Air Distribution Leakage
• IECC2009: 403.2.2 Sealing (Mandatory)
– Rough-In Test: ≤ 6 CFM25T/100sf CFA (≤ 4 no AH)
– Post Construction Test: ≤ 8 CFM25T/100sf CFA
• IECC2012: R403.2.2 Sealing (Mandatory)
– Rough-In Test: ≤ 4 CFM25T/100sf CFA (≤ 3 no AH)
– Post Construction Test: ≤ 4 CFM25T/100sf CFA
• ESV3: Exhibit 1 Thermostats & Ductwork
– Post Construction Test: ≤ 4 CFM25E/100sf CFA
– Post Construction Test: ≤ 8 CFM25T/100sf CFA
• Challenge Home
– ESV3 + All ducts within thermal and air barrier boundary
Air Flow Testing
• ESV3: HVAC Rater/Contractor Checklists (Rev 06)
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Whole House per ASHRAE 62.2-2010
Kitchen Exhaust: ≥ 5ACH cont.; ≥ 100CFM intermittent
Baths: ≥ 20CFM cont.; ≥ 50CFM intermittent
System air flow measurement
Air balance: greater of +/- 20% Room flow or 25CFM
Pressure Relief to Aux Rooms ≤ 3Pa
ERV/HRV Flow measurement*
PHIUS+
Additional testing and
verification requirements
•Blower Door
•Both +/- 50Pa
•TecTite
•PHIUS+ ACH50
•Insulation
•Brine Loop/Earth Tube
•Ventilation T&B
•Ductwork T&B
•Dehumidification
Summary
• Home performance standards have common core
• Underlying testing procedures standardizing
• Allows for custom certifications by selectively
combining and tweaking existing protocols
• CZ-2A measured performance case study aligns w/
PHPP
• Overall lack of measured performance, currently
V&C based only thru construction
Your local building science shop.
Info@positiveEnergy.pro
(512) 462-1000
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BD (ACH50)
DB (CFM25-Tot/Ext)
TESP/SP
ZPD
R2R∆T
I2E∆T
Delta Q
Air Balance
Thermography
CAZ Testing
Program Compliance & Cx
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SF/MF/Comm Cx
AEGB SF/MF/Comm
Carrier HAP
Energy Gauge
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HERS
ESV3
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