Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth (2015) International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference
Kona, Big Island, Hawaii, USA, June 21-26, 2015
Copyright © 2015 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)
ISBN 978-1-880653-89-0; ISSN 1098-6189
www.isope.org
Port and Coastal Logistics Infrastructure Development on the
Shelf of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
V. I. Pavlenko, E. K. Glukhareva, S.Yu.Kutsenko
Arkhangelsk Scientific Centre, Ural Department of RAS
ABSTRACT
Russian Federation plans to realize the complex of special measures to
ensure safe marine transportation along the NSR by the framework of
transport development program for 2030 and governmental program of
socio-economic development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
up to 2020. According to the forecasts accepted in the Russian Federation
development of existing ports and construction of new ports till 2030 in the
AZRF are connected with space increase in transport of fuel and energy
resources (Pavlenko, 2014). According to the plans of development of polar
continental and shelf deposits, Arctic ports and specialized terminals must
provide transshipment of more than 100 million tons of freights by 2020 and
more than 150 million tons of freights by 2030. All ports are supposed to be
provided with constructions for wastes collecting and recycling, nature
protection equipment. Only Sabetta (Yamal Peninsula) and Teriberka (in
Murmansk region) will gain about 60,0 million tons of port capacity by
2020. Port Indiga in Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) in the Russian
Federation is under construction (Fig.1). It is supposed to construct in Indiga
Bay new port, oil terminals, liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant and terminals
for LNG shipment on large tankers. To mention here that reserves of oil on
the continental part of NAO exceeds 1 billion tons. The development of
transport connection between port Indiga and continent can provide the
growth of annual freight turnover up to 30 million tons (Ponomarev, 2014).
Indiga bay is free of ice during the most part of the year. It has sufficient
depths to accept vessels of large loading capacities and to connect NSR with
East-West transport corridor.
The Arctic attracts word's attention with its abundant natural resources. This
activates the transport issues of industrial activity in the macro-region.
Industrial exploitation of oil and natural gas deposits in Russia's Arctic
becomes very significant. Reserves of hydrocarbons of the Russian shelf in
the Arctic Ocean is estimated around 100 milliard tons of standard coal. In
this connection the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as transcontinental corridor
with its ports and coastal logistics infrastructure is of great importance. It is
possible to transport hydrocarbons via the NSR from the Barents, Pechora
and Kara Seas to Europe and to Asian-Pacific Region. The authors study
peculiarities of port and coastal infrastructure of the Arctic Zone of the
Russian Federation (AZRF). The article presents data and characteristics
which describe existing ports and ports under construction as integral parts
of the NSR. These ports can be also integrated in the world trading and
transport system and consolidate the status of the NSR as national EuroAsian marine transport corridor.
KEY WORDS: Ports and terminals; Russian Arctic; Northern Sea
Route; Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation; Coastal infrastructure;
Freights transfer; Natural resources development; Strategy of
development; Marine transportation; Development of transport.
INTRODUCTION
The NSR plays a leading role in exploitation of the resources in the
Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and in economic development of
the Arctic areas. It ensures latitude links of internal transport in macroregion. An important direction of development and ensuring of efficient
use of transport infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian
Federation is also formation of reliable meridional communications.
They link the Northern Sea Route by internal Russian main transport
lines ( rail, water and road ) with southern developed regions of
European Russia, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. Exceptional
importance in this regard takes the choice of the routes of meridional
communications. This is motivated by the desire to engage in more
intensive economic development first of all the centers supporting
subjects and municipalities of the Arctic Zone of the Russian
Federation, and also the Russian Arctic areas with a high concentration
of the natural resources. Ultimately this will provide the conditions
promoting appearance of Arctic production on the markets of other
Russian regions and in the countries of Europe and Asia.
ARCTIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Missions of the Russian Arctic Ports and Terminals
The main missions of the Arctic ports and transhipment complexes are the
followings:
x export of hydrocarbons (Table 1) and products of mining industry;
x supporting of exploring and exploitation of oil and gas deposits
including the those on the shelf;
x supporting of Arctic transit and service of vessels working on the
ways of the NSR including vessels with Russian governmental
flag;
x
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supporting of economic activity and development of the Arctic
regions of the Russian Federation, their external trade and
tourism.