2/11/2011
Bacterial Cells
1. How is bacteria a part of recycling and biodegrading?
It breaks down organic material for plant roots to use
4. What role does Ishy play in our digestive
system? He helps break down food that our
bodies
2. Draw the basic appearance of all bacteria:
5. What kind of bacterium is Bee Gee? Where
does he live? Blue-green algae; on top of
standing water
3. What type of bacterium is Ishy? Where does he live?
E.coli; in animal intestines
Bacteria and Viruses
1. How many cells do bacteria have? One
2. Name two places Archaebacteria can be found.
Salt lakes; hydrothermal vents
3. Shapes
Characteristics
Examples
Sphere-Cocci
sometimes grow in chains or
in clumps like a bunch of
grapes
• Streptococcus
(strep throat)
• Staphylococci
(responsible for "staph"
infections)
Rod-Bacilli
can also form in chains
• Escherichia coli or
E.coli
Spiral-shapedSpirilla
can use their shape to propel
themselves by twisting like a
corkscrew
• Treponema
pallidumcholera
(syphilis)
Bacteria Divide and Multiply
1. How long would it take for 2 bacteria cells to
divide and turn into 4 bacteria cells?
20 minutes
2. How come our planet is not covered with
bacteria? The conditions are rarely optimal
4. What method is used to identify bacteria?
Gram staining
5. Why do some stain positive and not
negative? Positive = a lot of peptidoglycan in
the cell wall; negative = a little peptidoglycan
in the cell wall
6. What are two ways bacteria can get food?
Consuming other organisms (heterotrophs);
making their own food (autotrophs)
7. What is the process called when bacteria
divide into two cells? Binary fission
Bacterial Motility
1. What are three ways bacteria can move?
Flagella, axial filament, & slime
2. Describe how Spirochaetes bacteria move.
Rotating in a spiral fashion
3. Describe how Chromatium bacteria move.
Using flagella
4. Describe how gliding bacteria move.
By secreting slime and sliding across it
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2/11/2011
Mr. Carl’s E-Class
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
• Very old bacteria, i.e.
evolved a long time ago
• Many live in extreme
environments; some live in or
on organisms.
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic
• Can be harmful or helpful
• More recently evolved
bacteria
• Live in or on organisms
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic
• Can be harmful or helpful
Kingdom Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
1. What does “archaebacteria” mean? Ancient
bacteria
2. Where do you find archaebacteria? Give 3
specific locations. A. undersea volcanic vents B.
acidic hot springs C. salty water
2. What kind of substances do bacteria consume to get
energy? Organisms, milk, meat, decaying materials, and
sunlight
3. What kind of cells do archaebacteria have?
3. What is the process of making energy from food using
oxygen? Respiration
4. Describe the three main groups of
Archaebacteria.
Methanogens
Halophiles
Thermophiles
•Live in anaerobic
environments
•Make methane gas
•Found in swamps,
marshes, sewage
treatment plants,
digestive tracts
animals
• Live in very
salty water
•Found in the
Dead Sea, Great
Salt Lake, etc.
•Use salt to help
generate ATP
•Live in
extremely hot
and acidic water
•Found in hot
springs and in
volcanic vents on
land
1. What kingdom is most bacteria a part of? Eubacteria
Phylum
Cyanobacteria
Phylum
Spirochetes
Phylum GramPositive
Phylum
Proteobacteria
•Gram •Carry on
photosynthesis & make
oxygen
•Called bluegreen bacteria
•Gram positive
•Have flagella at
each end so move in
a corkscrew motion
•Some are aerobic
(require oxygen);
others are anaerobic
•May be free-living,
parasitic, or live
symbiotically with
• Most are
Gram +, but
some are Gram
–
• Found in the
oral &
intestinal
cavities & slow
the growth of
disease-causing
bacteria
• Largest &
most diverse
bacterial
group
another organism
3. What are chemoautotrophs? Gram negative bacteria that
obtain energy from minerals
4. What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria? Bacteria that change
nitrogen into usable ammonia
5. What does an aerobic bacterium need? Oxygen
6. What does an anaerobic bacteria need? No oxygen
7. Do anaerobic bacteria use fermentation or respiration?
8. Do aerobic bacteria use fermentation or respiration?
9. What are the four sources of nutrition for bacteria?
• dead organic matter (saprobes)
• a host cell (parasites)
• sunlight (photoautotrophs)
• inorganic substances (chemoautotrophs)
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