APUSH Regular
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The belief that the United States had a special mission to expand over the entire North American
continent was known as
a. divine providence.
b. Manifest Destiny.
c. nullification.
d. American exceptionalism.
____
2. With regard to the Oregon Territory, in 1846, the United States
a. provoked a shooting war to acquire the lands it sought.
b. concluded a peace treaty with Britain which established the United States’ northern
border at 54°40’ north latitude.
c. hammered out a compromise agreement with the British Empire.
d. denied any further Asian immigration into the region.
____
3. The Wilmot Proviso
a. encouraged slavery’s expansion westward.
b. called for American annexation of lands conquered from Mexico as free territory.
c. successfully postponed the outbreak of the Civil War for 10 years.
d. proclaimed that western territories would be open to slavery if their citizens voted
to allow it.
____
4. A central element in the conquest and submission of the American Indians of the West was the
a. decision of many western tribes to side with the Confederacy during the Civil War.
b. rapid growth of cities and population on the California coast.
c. destruction of the buffalo herds.
d. prolonged drought and harsh winters of the 1860s and 1870s.
____
5. American interests and priorities with regard to Asia in the 1840s and 1850s primarily centered
around
a. seeking opportunities for colonization.
b. fishing rights.
c. trade and commerce.
d. a fear of Japanese domination of the Far East.
____
6. The American or “Know-Nothing” Party of the 1850s
a. gave birth to the free-soil movement.
b. sought to limit the rights of immigrants.
c. gained support as the result of fierce opposition to the Compromise of 1850 on the
western frontier.
d. sought to challenge British domination of the Canadian Northwest.
____
7. Which of the following was the MOST important reason why immigrants tended to cluster in
ethnic communities in urban areas during the antebellum period?
a. Native-born whites had already settled the majority of America’s productive
farmland.
b. Local and state laws restricted their movements.
c. The majority of immigrants came from urban areas of Europe.
d. It allowed immigrants to retain their languages and customs to a greater degree.
____
8. Which of the following was NOT a cause of increased American settlement of the West after the
Civil War?
a. The construction of a transcontinental railroad
b. Passage of the Homestead Act
c. The deployment of the Army in the region
d. Sharp increases in urban food prices
____
9. As whites moved westward into Indian territories in the last half of the 19th century,
a. Indians were granted U.S. citizenship through the reservation system.
b. the American Indians themselves were often blamed for the troubles that ensued.
c. Indians increasingly traded with the British for firearms and ammunition.
d. Christian missionaries discontinued their attempts to convert American Indians.
____
10. Southern critics of slavery most often asserted that
a. slavery was immoral.
b. the plantation economy made the South a colony of the North.
c. mass insurrection by slave populations was only a matter of time.
d. global demand for cotton was so great that the Southern economy would remain
profitable with white wageworkers in the fields.
____
11. Who advocated for the immediate and uncompensated release of all slaves held in the United
States?
a. William Lloyd Garrison
b. Abraham Lincoln
c. John C. Calhoun
d. Henry Clay
____
12. In terms of politics, the 1850s were noteworthy because they witnessed the
a. decline in the power of the free-soil movement.
b. dissolution of national political parties over sectional concerns.
c. South gradually extend its control over both the Presidency and Congress.
d. Supreme Court distance itself from the slavery issue.
____
13. As a result of the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852,
a. calls for political compromise over the issue of slavery increased.
b. the American Colonization Society began transporting ex-slaves back to Africa.
c. the Underground Railroad was formed.
d. abolitionism gained ground in the North.
____
14. The theory that individual states do not necessarily have to carry out any federal laws with which
they disagree is known as
a. popular sovereignty.
b. federalism.
c. nullification.
d. the reserved powers clause of the Constitution.
____
15. What became the most controversial element of the Compromise of 1850?
a. The admission of California as a free state
b. The Fugitive Slave Act
c. The banning of the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
d. The potential opening up of Utah and New Mexico territories to slavery
____
16. In the 19th century, Southerners used all of the following arguments to justify slavery EXCEPT
a. slavery was in the Bible.
b. slavery provided a civilizing influence for the slave.
c. the international slave trade was highly profitable for all regions of the country.
d. keeping slaves was fully constitutional and thus perfectly legal.
____
17. Which of the following was NOT a result or consequence of the Dred Scott decision of 1857?
a. Free states in the North saw the need to speak politically with one voice.
b. Congress had no right to restrict slavery in the territories.
c. The Fugitive Slave Act was repealed.
d. The Democratic Party became divided along sectional lines.
____
18. Which of the following statements best explains why the Mormons migrated west?
a. They sought to escape the intense national debates over slavery.
b. Much of the farmable soil in the Mississippi River Basin was exhausted.
c. The lure of easy gold strikes in California proved irresistible to them.
d. They were seeking out their own new promised land.
____
19. The Republican Party campaign platform of 1860 called for
a. the restriction of slavery from the territories.
b. restoration of the old 36°30’ free state–slave state boundary line from the Missouri
Compromise.
c. the immediate abolition of slavery.
d. the use of popular sovereignty to determine the fate of slavery on the frontier.
____
20. The logic and reasoning employed by Southerners in seceding from the Union borrowed heavily
from the
a. Dred Scott decision.
b. Declaration of Independence.
c. Lecompton Constitution of the Kansas Territory.
d. concept of popular sovereignty.
____
21. The faction of Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War became known as the
a. Know-Nothings.
b. National Unionists.
c. Scalawags.
d. Copperheads.
____
22. The Emancipation Proclamation had which of the following effects?
a. It freed all the slaves in the South.
b. It prevented England and France from joining the conflict.
c. It only freed slaves in the border states.
d. It led the South to enlist and arm slaves in the Confederate Army.
____
23. At the outset of the war, which of the following was the greatest advantage possessed by the
Confederacy?
a. Powerful foreign allies
b. Access to natural resources
c. Superior military leadership
d. Its influence in the border states
____
24. All of the following were major elements of the Union strategy for victory in the Civil War
EXCEPT
a. gaining full control of the Mississippi River.
b. preventing European powers from entering the conflict.
c. destroying the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.
d. impressing ex-slaves into the Union army.
____
25. The ultimate consequence of the sharecropping system for the South was
a. economic independence from the North.
b. an increase in poverty for both blacks and whites.
c. an awareness of the need for wise stewardship of the region’s environment.
d. a gradual increase in the region’s overall crop yields and productivity.
____
26. President Andrew Johnson was impeached as a result of his
a. veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866.
b. refusal to pardon former Confederate leaders and members of the planter class.
c. inability to control the rampant corruption in the federal government.
d. violation of the Tenure of Office Act.
____
27. The term “redemption” as used in the Reconstruction era refers to
a. the post-Reconstruction return of the South to white rule.
b. ambitions on the part of some Southerners to make the region the economic equal
of the North.
c. programs that were introduced in the period to integrate ex-slaves into Southern
society as citizens.
d. a national movement that stressed that Northern and Southern war dead were
heroes who did not die in vain.
____
28. In Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court ruled that
a. state use of poll taxes and literacy tests as voting requirements was permissible.
b. the Freedmen’s Bureau had no legal right to redistribute land to ex-slaves.
c. separate but equal public facilities for blacks and whites were legal.
d. the grandfather clause was illegal.
____
29. The primary focus of women’s reform movements in the fifty years after the Civil War was the
struggle for
a. national prohibition.
b. suffrage.
c. the establishment of settlement houses.
d. obtaining wage equality with men.
____
30. Which of the following refers to the Southern culture of segregation that existed for almost a
century after the Civil War?
a. Dixiecrat Populism
b. The Solid South
c. Uncle Tom
d. Jim Crow
APUSH Regular
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: B
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The belief that the United States had the special mission to expand from the
Atlantic to the Pacific was not known as divine providence.
Manifest Destiny was the term that came to signify the notion that the United
States had a special mission to expand its borders from the Atlantic to the
Pacific. Editor John O’Sullivan coined this phrase in 1845, suggesting that “Our
manifest destiny is to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the
free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”
Nullification was the term used by South Carolina to advance its legal theory
that a state had the right to invalidate any federal law which that state deemed
unconstitutional.
American exceptionalism is that the theory that the United States is qualitatively
different from the rest of the world. American expansionists made use of
American exceptionalism, but that theory did not stand for the notion that the
U.S. had a mission to expand to the Pacific coast.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: C
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.1.I.A
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Although it threatened war, the United States did not have to resort to military
means to acquire the Oregon Territory in 1846.
The United States did not acquire the Oregon Territory through a peace treaty
with Britain. Ultimately the northern border of the United States was established
at the 49th parallel.
The U.S. acquired the Oregon Territory through diplomatic relations with
Britain, which ended in the Oregon Treaty. The treaty established the northern
border of Oregon at the 49th parallel.
The United States’ acquisition of the Oregon Territory from Britain was
unrelated to its ultimate policy of excluding Asian immigration to the nation.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: B
Feedback
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.1.I.A
A
B
C
D
The Wilmot Proviso discouraged the expansion of slavery.
The Wilmot Proviso, proposed by Democratic Pennsylvania congressman David
Wilmot, suggested that any territories gained as a result of the MexicanAmerican War should ban slavery. Whigs and antislavery Democrats in the
House of Representatives passed the bill, but it was defeated in the Senate.
The Wilmot Proviso never took effect. It did not postpone the outbreak of the
Civil War.
The Wilmot Proviso did not propose popular sovereignty to determine the issue
of slavery in the new territories.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: C
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.1.I.B
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The United States’ decision to control and conquer American Indians in the
West was not predicated on western tribes’ alliance with the Confederacy.
Rapid white population growth in California contributed to the submission of
American Indians on the West Coast, but it was not a central element of the
nation’s campaign to control and conquer American Indians throughout the
West.
The destruction of the buffalo herds on the Great Plains was a vital element in
the United States’ campaign to control and conquer American Indians in the
West. Numerous tribes depended on the buffalo for their subsistence; the
elimination of the buffalo did great harm to those groups.
The United States did not rely on the weather to accomplish its conquest and
submission of American Indians in the West in the 19th century.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.1.I.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
American interest in Asia in the middle of the 19th century did not focus on
colonization. The U.S. did not pursue colonization in the Pacific or in Asia.
American interest in Asia in the middle of the 19th century did not focus on the
acquisition of fishing rights. The U.S. had other priorities in the region.
American interest in Asia in the middle of the 19th century was motivated by a
desire to increase trade and commerce in the region. The U.S. worked to control
the West Coast in part to facilitate greater trade with Asia.
The U.S. did not fear Japanese domination of the Far East in the middle of the
19th century. That fear emerged in the 20th century.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: B
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.1.I.D
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The free-soil movement did not emerge out of the Know-Nothing Party of the
1850s.
The American or “Know-Nothing” Party emerged in 1854 and 1855 as a
backlash against the wave of immigrants that flooded into the U.S. during the
previous decade. This group sought to limit the rights of immigrants.
The “Know-Nothing” Party did not gain support as a result of fierce opposition
to the Compromise of 1850 on the western frontier. The Democratic Party
gained adherents in the South for this reason, however.
The “Know-Nothing” Party did not seek to challenge British domination of the
Canadian Northwest. By the time it emerged in the mid-1850s, the question of
the United States’ northern border had already been resolved.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: D
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.1.II.A
Feedback
A
B
C
D
There was no shortage of productive farmland in the United States in the
antebellum period. Immigrants clustered in ethnic communities for other
reasons.
Local and state laws did not restrict the movements of immigrants in the United
States. Immigrants clustered in ethnic communities for other reasons.
The majority of immigrants came from rural areas of Europe. They clustered in
ethnic communities for other reasons.
Immigrants who came to the United States in the antebellum period clustered in
ethnic communities in order to live with other people who spoke their language
and shared their cultural practices. Ethnic communities eased immigrant groups’
transitions to their new homes in the United States.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: D
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.1.II.A
Feedback
A
B
C
The construction of a transcontinental railroad facilitated the increase in
American settlement in the West after the Civil War. Railroad transportation to
the West offered considerable advantages over cross-country migration in a
covered wagon.
The passage of the Homestead Act in 1862 contributed to the increase in
American settlement in the West after the Civil War. Many Americans were
eager to take advantage of the law’s promise of free acreage for farming
families.
The United States’ deployment of troops in the West contributed to the increase
in white settlement in the region after the end of the Civil War. Military
D
domination of the region’s American Indian population eased whites’ access to
and acquisition of western lands.
Urban food prices did not increase sharply after the Civil War. Other factors
contributed to the rapid rate of American settlement of the West in that period.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: B
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.1.II.B
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Indians did not gain citizenship rights through the reservation system in the last
half of the 19th century. They did not gain full citizenship rights until 1924.
As whites moved westward onto Indian land in the last half of the 19th century,
Americans blamed American Indians for the confrontations that occurred. The
government’s deployment of military troops into the West was intended to
protect the whites who were settling there and to control the actions of the
American Indians, who were trying to defend their way of life.
American Indians did not trade with the British for firearms and ammunition in
the late 19th century.
Christian missionaries continued their attempts to convert American Indians
during the last half of the 19th century.
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.1.II.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Southern critics of slavery did not generally oppose it using arguments that the
institution was immoral.
Some Southerners offered an economic critique of slavery that the plantation
economy made the South a colony of the North. They suggested that the South’s
focus on plantation crops required it to depend on the North for everything else.
Southerners who opposed slavery did not do so by arguing that a mass
insurrection by slave populations was inevitable. They based their objections on
other arguments.
Southerners who opposed slavery did not argue that white wageworkers should
replace slaves in the cotton fields.
PTS: 1
11. ANS: A
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.I.A
Feedback
A
William Lloyd Garrison was the radical abolitionist who argued for immediate
abolition without compensation to slave owners. He took this position starting in
the 1830s and continued to press his case through the Civil War.
B
C
D
Abraham Lincoln did not advocate the immediate and uncompensated release of
all slaves. At the time of his election, he argued only that slavery should not be
extended into the U.S. territories in the West.
John C. Calhoun was a vigorous and radical defender of slavery.
Henry Clay was a slave owner himself. He did not argue for the immediate and
uncompensated release of all American slaves.
PTS: 1
12. ANS: B
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.I.B
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The free-soil movement gained power and support over the course of the 1850s.
It contributed to the intensity of the debate over slavery and precipitated the
Civil War.
American politics were noteworthy in the 1850s because they witnessed the
breakdown of the second party system. The Democratic Party divided over
sectional concerns, and the Whig Party broke down completely. The Republican
Party, which took its place, was a Northern party.
Although Northerners feared that the South was a “slave power” that would
dominate American politics in the 1850s, it was not able to extend its control
over the Presidency and Congress.
The Supreme Court issued its ruling on the Dred Scott decision in 1854, which
added to sectional polarization over the issue of slavery.
PTS: 1
13. ANS: D
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.I.B
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin created further polarization around the
issue of slavery and made political compromise on the issue more unlikely.
The publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin did not spur the American Colonization
Society to begin transporting ex-slaves back to Africa. The ACS had engaged in
actions to support black migration to Africa since the 1820s but never in large
numbers.
The Underground Railroad was formed long before the publication of Uncle
Tom’s Cabin in 1852.
The publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which became a bestseller, created
broader support for abolitionist goals in the North after 1852.
PTS: 1
14. ANS: C
Feedback
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.I.B
A
B
C
D
Popular sovereignty was the approach to resolving conflicts over slavery that
was associated with the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It held that a state’s population
should vote to determine whether that state would be a slave state or a free state.
Federalism is a political concept in which a group is bound together by
agreement. It does not hold that states can disregard laws they find disagreeable.
South Carolina political leaders advanced the theory of nullification in response
to the Tariff of 1828. They argued that individual states should not have to carry
out federal laws they found unconstitutional.
The reserved powers clause of the Constitution is unrelated to the idea that states
can disregard federal laws to which they object.
PTS: 1
15. ANS: B
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.I.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The admission of California as a free state was not a controversial element of the
Compromise of 1850.
The Fugitive Slave Act was, by far, the most controversial element of the
Compromise of 1850. The law stipulated that all American citizens were
expected to assist officials in apprehending runaways, which infuriated many
Northerners.
The banning of the slave trade in Washington, D.C. provoked some controversy,
but it was not the most controversial element of the Compromise of 1850.
The potential expansion of slavery into Utah and New Mexico was controversial
but was not the most controversial element of the Compromise of 1850.
PTS: 1
16. ANS: C
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.I.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Southerners frequently used biblical mentions of slavery to justify their
attachment to the institution.
Southerners relied heavily on positive good arguments to justify slavery. These
arguments asserted that slavery provided a civilizing influence on blacks.
Southerners did not resort to arguments about the profitability of the
international slave trade in order to justify slavery in the 19th century. The U.S.
had ceased participating in the international slave trade in 1808.
Southerners frequently argued that slavery was fully constitutional and thus
perfectly legal.
PTS: 1
17. ANS: C
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.I.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The Dred Scott decision provided more evidence of Republicans’ claim that the
South, as a hostile “Slave Power,” was conspiring against Northern liberties. It
served to convince the Northern states that they needed to work together in order
to oppose the Southern threat.
The Dred Scott decision explicitly ruled that Congress’s power to make “all
needful rules and regulations” for the territories did not include the right to
prohibit slavery.
The Dred Scott decision did not repeal the Fugitive Slave Act.
As a consequence of the Dred Scott decision, the Democratic Party divided
along sectional lines. Many Northern Democrats broke rank and joined the
young Republican Party.
PTS: 1
18. ANS: D
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.II.A
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Mormon migration into the West was unrelated to debates over slavery. The
group moved West for other reasons.
The soil in the Mississippi River Basin was still quite fertile at the time the
Mormons migrated West. The group pulled up stakes and moved for other
reasons.
The Mormons did not move West in order to seek their fortunes in California.
They were not motivated by gold, and they migrated only as far as Utah.
Mormons moved West in search of their own new promised land. After years of
persecution in the East, they fled first to Ohio, then to Missouri and Illinois, and
then to Utah in search of religious freedom and security for their community.
PTS: 1
19. ANS: A
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.II.B
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The Republican Party campaign platform of 1860 called for the restriction of
slavery from the territories the United States had acquired after the MexicanAmerican War.
The Republican Party campaign platform of 1860 did not call for the restoration
of the Missouri Compromise’s 36°30’ line to delineate the boundary between
free states and slave states. The 1860 Crittenden Compromise made this
proposal.
The Republican Party campaign platform of 1860 did not call for the immediate
abolition of slavery. Although some radical abolitionists supported the party, its
platform was not particularly radical.
The Republican Party objected to the use of popular sovereignty to determine the
fate of slavery on the frontier. Republicans cited the example of popular
sovereignty in “Bleeding Kansas” to support their argument that the South was a
“Slave Power.”
PTS: 1
20. ANS: B
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.II.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The logic and reasoning Southerners employed in their justification for secession
was not borrowed from the Dred Scott decision. That decision made slavery
even more secure within the Union and would not have served as a rationale for
secession.
Southerners’ logic and reason for secession borrowed heavily from the
Declaration of Independence. Confederates identified their cause with that of the
Patriots of 1776, suggesting that they were fighting for the “sacred right of selfgovernment.”
The Lecompton Constitution was the proslavery constitution proposed for the
Kansas Territory under the policy of popular sovereignty. Southerners did not
borrow from this document as they sought to make a legal case for secession in
1860 and 1861.
Southerners did not use the concept of popular sovereignty in order to make a
case for secession.
PTS: 1
21. ANS: D
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.2.II.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The Know-Nothings were an anti-immigrant party, not a group of Democrats
who opposed the Civil War.
Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War were not known as National
Unionists.
Scalawags were Southern whites who supported Reconstruction.
Supporters of the anti-war wing of the Democratic Party in the North during the
1860s were known as Copperheads. This group was also known as “Peace
Democrats.”
PTS: 1
22. ANS: B
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.I.A
Feedback
A
B
The Emancipation Proclamation did not free all the slaves in the South.
Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862. It
declared that slaves in areas rebelling against the Union would be free as of
January 1, 1863. Lincoln’s action made any alliance with the Confederacy an
C
D
alliance with slavery, which led both Britain and France to reject the possibility
of intervening on the South’s behalf.
The Emancipation Proclamation protected slavery in the border states. It was not
until after the end of the Civil War that slaves in those states became officially
emancipated.
The Emancipation Proclamation did not lead the South to arm slaves and enlist
them in the Confederate Army.
PTS: 1
23. ANS: C
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.I.B
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The Confederacy hoped that Britain’s dependence on Southern cotton would
bring it into the Civil War, but it could not count on any powerful foreign allies
at the outset of the war.
The Union had greater access to natural resources than the Confederacy. These
resources contributed to the Union’s victory in the Civil War.
The greatest advantage possessed by the Confederacy at the outset of the Civil
War was its superior military leadership. Unlike Abraham Lincoln, the
Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, had a distinguished military background.
Furthermore, at the outbreak of the war, about one-third of the military officers
of the United States followed the example of Robert E. Lee and resigned their
commissions in order to join the Confederate army.
The Union had greater influence in the border states at the outset of the war and
throughout its duration.
PTS: 1
24. ANS: D
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.I.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The Union’s strategy for victory in the Civil War prioritized full control over the
Mississippi River as well as the Ohio and Missouri Rivers. This control would
divide the Confederacy and reduce the mobility of its armies.
A key element of the Union’s strategy for victory in the Civil War was to
prevent European powers from entering the conflict as allies to the Confederacy.
The Emancipation Proclamation helped to achieve this end.
The destruction of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia was a key
element of the Union’s strategy for victory in the Civil War.
The Union’s strategy for victory in the Civil War never included a plan to
impress ex-slaves into the Union army. Ultimately, the Union forces welcomed
former slaves into the military on a voluntary basis.
PTS: 1
25. ANS: B
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.I.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The sharecropping system in the South did not make the region economically
independent from the North. Sharecropping maintained the agricultural focus of
the South’s economy, keeping the region dependent on the North for
manufactured goods.
Sharecropping led to a gradual decrease in the South’s overall crop yields and
agricultural productivity, which led to an increase in poverty for both blacks and
whites in the South.
The institution of the sharecropping system in the South did not lead to an
awareness of the need to protect the region’s environment. Sharecropping did
not encourage sustainable farming practices or provide incentives to improve
property, and it contributed to the depletion of the South’s soil.
The sharecropping system in the South led to a gradual decrease in the region’s
overall crop yields and agricultural productivity.
PTS: 1
26. ANS: D
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.II.A
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Andrew Johnson did veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866, but that was not the
cause of his impeachment.
Andrew Johnson was not impeached as a result of his refusal to pardon former
Confederate leaders and planters. His congressional opponents found him too
conciliatory toward former Confederates.
Johnson’s impeachment did not result from an inability to control corruption in
the federal government. Johnson’s opponents did not perceive federal corruption
as a major issue during Johnson’s term in office.
In August of 1867, after much contention with the Radical Republicans in
Congress, Johnson fought back by dismissing the Secretary of War, Edwin
Stanton. At that time, legislators in the House of Representatives impeached
Johnson, charging him with violating of the Tenure of Office Act.
PTS: 1
27. ANS: A
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.II.B
Feedback
A
B
The term “redemption” as used during Reconstruction referred to the return of
the South to white rule in the post-Reconstruction period. Southern Democrats
took the name Redeemers and promised to replace Reconstruction governments
with “home rule.”
Those Southerners who sought to make the region the economic equal of the
North were seeking to create what they called a New South.
C
D
Redemption did not refer to programs that were introduced during
Reconstruction to integrate ex-slaves into Southern society as citizens. The
Freedmen’s Bureau administered these programs.
There was no singular national movement that celebrated both Northern and
Southern war dead after the Civil War. The Sons of Confederate Veterans and
the United Daughters of the Confederacy stressed that Southerners had not died
in vain and celebrated the Confederacy as a heroic “lost cause.”
PTS: 1
28. ANS: C
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.II.C
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Plessy v. Ferguson did not establish the legality of poll taxes and literacy tests as
voting requirements in the South.
The U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in the Plessy v. Ferguson case in
1896, long after the end of Reconstruction. By this time, the Freedmen’s Bureau
had been dismantled, and decisions about land distribution to ex-slaves lay in the
past.
The Supreme Court’s decision in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case ruled that it
was constitutional for states to establish separate facilities for blacks and whites
as long as those facilities were equal.
Plessy v. Ferguson did not establish the legality of the grandfather clause.
PTS: 1
29. ANS: B
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.III.A
Feedback
A
B
C
D
Many women’s organizations supported the goal of temperance, but it was not
the primary goal of women’s reform movements in the fifty years after the Civil
War.
In the years after the 15th Amendment denied woman suffragists their goal,
women’s reform movements made the struggle for suffrage a major focus of
their work. From the 1860s until 1890, the National Woman Suffrage
Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association worked separately
to win votes for women. In 1890, the two organizations reunited to form the
National American Woman Suffrage Association, which finally achieved the
ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920.
Reform-oriented women began to create settlement houses in the 1880s.
Women’s reform movements worked primarily for a different issue between
1865 and the early 20th century.
Women’s reform issues did not adopt wage equality as their primary goal in the
fifty years after the Civil War. They made another issue their primary focus.
PTS:
1
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.III.B
30. ANS: D
Feedback
A
B
C
D
The Southern culture of segregation that existed from the 1870s until the 1960s
was not known as Dixiecrat Populism. Dixiecrat was a term for Southern
Democrats.
The Southern culture of segregation that existed from the 1870s to the 1960s was
not known as the Solid South. This term was used to refer to the Southern states’
solid support for Democratic candidates in the years between Reconstruction and
the civil rights movement.
The term “Uncle Tom” originated in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel Uncle
Tom’s Cabin. After the Civil War, the term came to be used as an epithet for a
person who is excessively subservient to perceived authority figures, particularly
a black person who acted subservient toward whites.
The Southern culture of segregation that developed after the end of
Reconstruction and persisted into the 1960s was known as Jim Crow. Jim Crow
legislation institutionalized segregation in public facilities, schools, parks,
transportation, and the U.S. military.
PTS:
1
MSC: Key Concepts: 5.3.III.C