Cheat sheets for the final must be new. Use your old cheat sheets and tests as guides.
Biology – Fall Semester Final Review Sheet
Unit 1: Evolution (~25% of the Final)
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Origins of Life
o Biological definition of life
o How life began
§ Early theories
§ Heterotroph hypothesis
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Evolution Defined
o Scientific theory vs. “just a theory”
o Genetic evolution
o Myths and facts about evolution
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Evidence for Evolution
o Fossil Record
o Comparative anatomy
§ Homologous structures
§ Analogous structures
§ Vestigial structures
o Molecular biological evidence
o Embryology
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Mechanisms for Evolution
o Natural Selection
o Gene Flow
o Genetic Drift
o Mutation
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Speciation
o Biological Species Concept
o Sympatric speciation
o Allopatric speciation
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Rates of Evolution
o Gradualism
o Punctuated equilibrium
Unit 2: Botany (~25% of the Final)
• Morphology, Anatomy, Systematics, Ecology, Horticulture etc.
• Taxonomy
o Hierarchy
o Latin names
o Angiosperms vs. Gymnosperms
• Basic plant parts
o Leaf
o Meristem
o Node
o Internode
o Axillary bud
• Microscopes
o Know parts and use
• Vegetative anatomy
o Monocots vs. dicots
§ Know defining characteristics
o Stem anatomy for monocots and dicots
§ Xylem, phloem, pith
o Root anatomy for monocots and dicots
§ Xylem, phloem, pith
o Structure and function
• Flower Anatomy
o Sepal
o Petal
o Stamens
§ Filament
§ Anther
§ Pollen grains
o Pistils
§ Stigma
§ Style
§ Ovary
§ Ovules
o Structure and function
Cheat sheets for the final must be new. Use your old cheat sheets and tests as guides.
• Plant Reproduction
o Pollination
o Fertilization
o Alternation of Generations
o Seed structure and function
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Respiratory System
o Lungs
o Bronchi/Bronchioles
o Alveoli
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Circulatory System
o Heart
o Veins
o Arteries
o Blood
Unit 3: Zoology (~50% of the Final)
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Language of Anatomy
o Know position terms (proximal, distal, superior, inferior, etc.)
o Anatomical position
o Body cavities
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Homeostasis
o Know what it is
o Why it is important
o What organ systems are involved in maintaining homeostasis and
how
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For All Organ Systems
1. Know how to recognize the form of the organs we covered in class.
2. Know the function of each organ
3. Know the mechanisms of each organ’s function
4. Know the purpose of the system as a whole
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Muscular System
o Types of muscle
o Filaments & bundles
o Why muscles work in pairs
o Flexors & Extensors
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Digestive System
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ilium)
§ Intestinal villi
o Large intestine