Objectives
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GO! with Microsoft® Office 2007 Introductory
Chapter 4
Basic Computer Concepts
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Types of Computers
Identify the Different Types of Computers
Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
Identify Types of Software and Their Uses
Describe Networks and Define Network
Terms
Identify Safe Computing Practices
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Types of Microcomputers
(5 types)
1. Microcomputers
– small, inexpensive computers designed for
personal use.
– Example:
• Desktop (PC or MAC), notebook (laptops), and
tablet computers (users can write directly on the
screen using stylus)
• Mobile devices (PDA’s, smartphones)
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Types of Computers
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Types of Computers
2. Servers
4. Supercomputers
– manage network resources: web server,
authentication server, email server
– powerful, fast, expensive computers that
perform sophisticated tasks. (track weather,
monitor satellites, etc..
3. Mainframe computers
5. Embedded computers
– Large computer found in large businesses
and colleges etc..allow for multitasking and
vast storage
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– components of large products that usually
have a digital interface (found in cars,
microwaves, digital cameras, etc..)
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1
Computer Peripherals
Hardware Devices
• The physical components of the computer
and any equipment connected to it
(peripherals):
– monitor
– keyboard
– mouse
– printer
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Peripherals – Keyboard
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CRT
LCD
Cathode Ray tube
Liquid Crystal Display
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– Serial and Parallel ports
– Universal Serial Bus (USB) port
– FireWire port
– Ethernet and Modem ports
Ink-jet: uses ink cartridge to spray
ink on paper
Laser: uses toner that is distributed
on paper by laser
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• A port acts as an interface between a
system’s peripheral devices and the
computer. (See images page 200)
Impact: uses ink ribbon, not
commonly found anymore (Dot
matrix)
Non-impact
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System’s Ports
Two categories of printers:
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Peripherals – Monitor
Peripherals – Printers
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2
The System Unit
The System Unit
• One of the most essential components
is the microprocessor chip, also known
as the central processing unit (CPU).
System unit: the components located inside the
computer.
What parts are missing??
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Inside the System Unit
Inside the System Unit
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• The CPU: located on the motherboard
is the brain of the computer and is
responsible for controlling the
commands and tasks that the computer
performs. It has two main parts:
– acts as the computer’s short-term memory
– stores data temporarily as it is being processed
– is considered to be volatile because this memory is
erased when the computer is turned off
– control unit
– arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
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Inside the System Unit
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Storage Devices Types
• Storage devices are used to store the data and
information used by or created with the computer.
• Data can be stored on the Hard Drive or in
removable external units( USB, CD, DVD, tape drive,
etc..).
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• Magnetic: tracks and sectors
– Floppy disk drive
– Zip drives
– Backup tape drives
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Storage Devices Types
Storage Devices Types
• Flash memory:
– Flash drives (USB drives)
– Flash Memory Card (Cameras)
• Optical: using laser beam
– CD Drive
– DVD drives
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System Software
• Utility Programs
• operating system
• utility programs
Fount at: Start/Accessories/System tools
– Disk Cleanup (to release disk space)
– Disk Defragmenter (to improve performance)
– Task Scheduler
– System Restore (Backup registry)
– provides the instructions the computer needs
to run
– contains the directions needed to start up the
computer (known as the boot process)
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Utility Programs
– consists of two main types of programs:
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Networks
Application Software
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Networks are two or more connected computers, plus the
various peripheral devices that are attached to them.
• Application software
– word processing
– spreadsheet
– database
– presentation
– communication and organization
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Networks
Network Topology
• Types of Networks
– Local area network (LAN) connects
computers reasonably close together, as in
home or small office settings.
– Wide area network (WAN) connects
computers over a larger geographic area, as
in businesses or universities.
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No server: peer–to-peer
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Safe Computing Practices
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Safe Computing Practices
• Viruses: damage your computer
Important for Test
• Computer maintenance utilities
–Commercial AV
(start/programs/accessories/system tools)
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• Symantics, Mcafee
Back up files
Disk cleanup: Remove unnecessary files ()
Disk Defragmanter improves performance
Scheduler
System Restore: Create restoration point
Windows update
–Free Antivirus:
• Avast: http://www.avast.com/
• AVG: http://free.avg.com
• Security Essentials:
http://www.microsoft.com/security_essentials
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Identify Safe
Computing Practices
– Adware: spyware that tracks your internet browsing
– Cookie: small files containing info that ID you to a
website
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• Firewall: Makes your computer invisible to
others on the net
– Windows: control panel/Security Center
– ZoneAlarm by Zonelab (allows you to set
programs access)
– http://www.zonealarm.com
• Phishing: email from fake entity asking for confidential info
• Spyware remover:
– Spybot Search and Destroy (free)
• http://Spybot.S-D-Removal.com
– Windows Defender (included with win7)
– Spybot Search and Destroy
• http://Spybot.S-D-Removal.com
– Webroot: http://www.webroot.com
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Identify Safe
Computing Practices
• Spyware: Capture personal confidential info
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Know you System – Windows 7
Know you System – Win XP
OS Version
CPU type/speed
Memory
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Know you System
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Covered Objectives
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Define Computer and Identify the Four
Basic Computing Functions
Identify the Different Types of
Computers
Describe Hardware Devices and Their
Uses
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Covered Objectives
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Identify Types of Software and Their
Uses
Describe Networks and Define Network
Terms
Identify Safe Computing Practices
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© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall
35
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