AP BIOLOGY (Secondary) ESSENTIAL UNIT 8 (E08) (Diversity of the Biological World) (July 2013) Unit Statement: This unit includes a survey of the diversity of organisms. An array of organisms including viruses, prokaryotes, bacteria, protists, plants, invertebrates and chordates will be covered. An examination of body plans and diversity, comparison of invertebrate and vertebrate, and analysis of evolutionary traits are included both through theoretical and practical applications. Overview – Diversity of the Biological World (3 weeks): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Bacteria and Archaeans Diversity of Protists Introduction to Plants Fungi Invertebrate Evolution Vertebrate Evolution Essential Outcomes: (must be assessed for mastery) 1. The Student Will pose scientific questions about a group of organisms whose relatedness is described by a phylogenetic tree or cladogram in order to (1) identify shared characteristics, (2) make inferences about the evolutionary history of the group, and (3) identify character data that could extend or improve the phylogenetic tree. 2. TSW describe specific examples of conserved core biological processes and features shared by all domains or within one domain of life, and how these shared, conserved core processes and features support the concept of common ancestry for all organisms. 3. TSW justify a scientific claim that free energy is required for living systems to maintain organization, to grow or to reproduce, but that multiple strategies exist in different living systems. 4. TSW construct explanations based on scientific evidence that homeostatic mechanisms reflect continuity due to common ancestry and/or divergence due to adaptation in different environments. 5. TSW analyze data to identify phylogenetic patterns or relationships, showing that homeostatic mechanisms reflect both continuity due to common ancestry and change due to evolution in different environments. 6. TSW connect differences in the environment with the evolution of homeostatic mechanisms. 42 QSI AP BIOLOGY E08 SEC Copyright © 1988-2013 7. TSW connect concepts in and across domains to show that timing and coordination of specific events are necessary for normal development in an organism and that these events are regulated by multiple mechanisms. 8. TSW use a graph or diagrams to analyze situations or solve problems (quantitatively or qualitatively) that involve timing and coordination of events necessary for normal development in an organism. 9. TSW justify scientific claims with scientific evidence to show that timing and coordination of several events are necessary for normal development in an organism and that these events are regulated by multiple mechanisms. 10. TSW compare and contrast processes by which genetic variation is produced and maintained in organisms from multiple domains. Suggested Chapters (Campbell): ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 27 - Bacteria and Archaea 28 - Protists 29 - Plant Diversity I 30 - Plant Diversity II 31 - Fungi 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity 33 - An Introduction to Invertebrates 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates Suggested Chapters (Starr): • • • • • • 21 – Viruses and Prokaryotes (21.6, 21.7) 22 – Protists – The Simplest Eukaryotes 23 – The Land Plants 24 – Fungi 25 – Animal Evolution – Invertebrates 26 – Animal Evolution – The Chordates Suggested Overview of Lecture and Discussion Topics: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Bacteria and Archaeans: Structure, function and diversity Diversity of Protists Introduction to Plants - evolutionary trends Fungi - traits and classification Invertebrate Evolution - Diversity and life cycles Vertebrate Evolution - Traits and trends Suggested Activities: 1. Classify organisms using and Identification (Taxonomic) key: http://userwww.sfsu.edu/biol240/labs/lab_05phylogeny/pages/keys.html 43 QSI AP BIOLOGY E08 SEC Copyright © 1988-2013 Technology Links: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Microbiology Resources: This site links you to many articles on infectious diseases, their causes their effects. Protist Information Server: This site links you to images of protists. A useful site for AP students who need to review for the protist lab practical. Image Collection Ranging from Bacteria to Animals: This is a huge site with many useful images. Some images are black and white and some are in color. Tree of Life: A collaborative Internet project containing information about phylogeny and biodiversity. Invertebrate Zoology: A collection of pictures and information about the invertebrate phyla. Marine Ecology Images and Movies: A wonderful collection of marine animals. Marine Photo Gallery: Another useful site with links to many different images of marine animals. Chickscope: An excellent review of chick development, complete with images and movies. Animal Diversity Tutorial: An excellent interactive tutorial on the different phyla of animals. Water Critter Key: Good for animals, and some protists. Virtual Pond Dip: Good for protists and some animals. Look at the giant jar and also click on Pond Life Identification Kit. Shape of Life: Good for all phyla. Overview of Animal Phyla: Good for all phyla. Animal Diversity Web: Good for vertebrates. 44 QSI AP BIOLOGY E08 SEC Copyright © 1988-2013 Suggested Rubric: The students will be evaluated for each unit according to the following rubric: Above Mastery (A) Mastery (B) In Progress (P) Multiple Choice Unit Exam (s) 93% or better 86% - 92.9% 85.9% or lower Free Response Question 8 or better on the unique rubric written for each question 5 – 7 on the unique rubric written for each question 4 or below on the unique rubric written for each question Laboratory Experiment (s) Laboratory experiments were performed, data collected and analyzed, and written in a concise, clear, and accurate manner with graphics/diagrams neat and complete and appropriate terminology according to teacher’s instructions. If formal lab is requested – use Lab Report Rubric Laboratory experiments were performed, data collected and analyzed, and written in a concise, clear, and accurate manner with graphics/diagrams relatively neat and complete and generally appropriate terminology according to teacher’s instructions. If formal lab is requested – use Lab Report Rubric Laboratory experiments were performed and written in a concise, clear, and accurate manner with graphics/diagrams lacking in neatness and completeness and some appropriate terminology according to teacher’s instructions. If formal lab is requested – use Lab Report Rubric. Study Guide, Worksheets, Homework, and Notebook Study Guides, Worksheets, and Notebooks are consistently up to date, neat, and accurate. Study Guides, Worksheets, and Notebooks are relatively up to date, neat, and accurate Study Guides, Worksheets, and Notebooks are not up to date, neat, and accurate. Information can be easily accessed. Information can be somewhat easily accessed. It is difficult to access information. If a student falls within the ‘P’ range the following steps will be taken to complete the outstanding unit: 45 QSI AP BIOLOGY E08 SEC Copyright © 1988-2013 1. The student will be automatically be assigned to the after-school homework tutorial for the duration of the next unit or until mastery of the outstanding unit, whichever comes first. In the after school homework tutorial, the following steps should be taken: a. First, the student must complete all unfinished work for the outstanding unit. b. Second, the student will use his/her time to study the necessary material and ask for additional help if necessary. c. Third, student will retest if necessary. If the student masters the subject matter the second time around with an 86% or better and finished all past work with at least a ‘B’ according to the rubric, he/she will earn a ‘B’. 2. If the student doesn’t master the outstanding unit according to the rubric during current unit, the unit will be assessed with an H, W, or D. If a W is awarded then no credit for that unit may be obtained in the current calendar school year, but the student still may participate in the AP exam in May. 46 QSI AP BIOLOGY E08 SEC Copyright © 1988-2013