Morrisby
CRAC
Decisions at 18 2011 – Advising the advisers:
the right guidance at the right time
Workshop: Psychometric Tests
and Careers Guidance
The Morrisby Organisation
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Who am I?
Chris Addley
Organisational Psychologist
The Morrisby Organisation
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Workshop Programme:
• What are Psychometric Tests?
• Types of Tests
• British Psychological Society (BPS)
• Tests used in careers guidance
• Advantages of tests for careers guidance
• Emily from Oakham School
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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What are
Psychometric
Tests?
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Definition:
“Psychometric tests are tests
which can be systematically scored
and administered, which are used
to measure individual differences”
British Psychological Society (BPS)
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Psychometric Tests
Psychometric tests set out to measure
a person‟s mental characteristics and
potential.
They show how people typically
approach tasks and put their abilities to
use.
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Types of Tests
3 Main forms of test:
1) Personality Tests
2) Ability Tests
3) Interest Questionnaires
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Personality Tests
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Personality:
Definition (used by BPS):
“A more or less stable internal factor that
makes one persons behaviour consistent
from one time to another and different from
the behaviour other people would manifest
in comparable situations”
Child (1968)
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
How is Personality Assessed?
Most common way to assess personality is by using different
types of test
Questionnaires: The most common method, relies on selfreport of certain behaviours, thoughts or feelings.
Ratings: Provided by observers, indicating whether their
friend/partner/stranger possesses certain characteristics
Projective tests: Ambiguous stimuli asking for subjective
interpretation (Rorschach ink-blot test)
Objective tests: Measuring objective behaviour relevant to
some aspects of personality
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Types of
Personality Tests:
Trait or Type
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Trait Theory (Eysenck, Cattell)
Trait: “A broad, enduring, relatively stable
characteristic”.
Concerned with locating individuals on scales or
constructs to identify relative individual
differences.
The profiles are derived by statistical analysis.
Dynamic in nature, but open to interpretation.
Led to various well known questionnaires, eg
Cattell‟s 16PF5.
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Type Theory (eg Carl Jung 1875-1961)
Close colleague of Freud.
So strong links to psychoanalytic theory.
Credited with inventing the terms extraversion &
introversion.
The Myers Briggs Type Indicator is largely based on
Jungian Type Theory.
Personality types are relatively fixed.
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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The Big Five
(McCrae, Costa)
In the last 10 years most personality theorists have
agreed that there are five major personality
factors
The „big five‟ personality factors:
• Openness to Experience
• Conscientiousness
• Extraversion-Introversion
• Agreeableness-Hostility
• Neuroticism-Emotional stability
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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How can Personality Assessment help
in careers guidance?
•How people interact
•Learning styles
•Leadership potential
•How a person goes about their work
•Planning style
•Attention to detail
•Flexibility
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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However…
•Ignores the person’s level of ability
•Doesn’t assess what interests a person
•In the wrong hands can lead to self-fulfilling
prophecies
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Ability Tests
Ability tests seek to measure
a person‟s innate skills or
abilities
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Types of Abilities measured:
•Intelligence
•Verbal Ability
•Numerical Ability
•Perceptual Ability
•Practical Ability (inc dexterity)
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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How can Ability Assessment help in
careers guidance?
•Traditional methods not very successful
•Shows how the person compares with others
•Identifies strengths and weaknesses
•When compared to each other will guide towards
appropriate careers
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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However…
•Doesn’t assess what a person is interested in
•Doesn’t assess things like willingness to relocate,
willingness to continue in education
•Doesn’t take into account the personality of the
individual and what bearing this has on job
recommendations
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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General Abilities
The group of tests
 Verbal
 Numerical
 Perceptual
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
General Ability Profile Types
V
N
P
A
V
N
P
B
V
N
P
C
V
N
P
D
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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General Ability Profile Types
V
N
P
A
Words > Numbers > diagrams charts/technical. PR,
Law, Communication, Politics, Literature, Sales,
Careers, Library work.
V
N
P
B
Academic profile. More commercially oriented &
„quantitative‟ than A: Management, Sales, Marketing,
Useful for exams/education. Less technical & ideas
focused.
V
N
P
C
„People‟ people & emphasis on communication. Not
commercial/technical. Often in caring roles eg
Counselling, Social work. Also in Teaching, Law.
V
N
P
D
Can be more compassionate, artistic, aesthetic &
creative or in technical writing roles: Feature
Writers, Novelists. Also Media & PR. Emphasis
towards people still (usually).
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Interest
Questionnaires
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Interest Questionnaires
•Most common form of test found in careers guidance
•Measures a person’s current level of interest
•Many types on the internet
•Doesn’t require training to use
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Types of interest
questionnaires:
Direct types questions:
“I would prefer to be a car mechanic than an
accountant”
Scale-base:
“I would like a job where I can use my hands”
Other:
“Click on the color you MOST prefer to look at”
(www.careerpath.com)
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
How can interest assessment help in
careers guidance?
•Doesn’t require training to use
•Less costly than other tests
•Assesses areas not covered with other forms of test
(e.g. willingness to travel or continue study)
•Offers career suggestions based on interests
•Many to choose from
•Online
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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However…
•Less rigorously tested than personality and ability
measures
•Interests are not fixed
•More susceptible to bias
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Who can use
Tests?
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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British Psychological Society
(BPS)
BPS Certificate of competence:
Level A: Ability Tests
Level B: Personality Assessments
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Personality Tests:
Requires Level B, training in the use of the particular product and
may also involve a yearly licence fee. Report preparation and
scoring services available.
Ability Tests:
Usually requires Level A, training in the use of the product and
may also involve a yearly licence fee. Report preparation and
scoring services available.
Interest Questionnaires:
No training normally required, usually requires purchase of a
yearly licence to use, or pay on an individual basis.
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Psychological Testing Centre (PTC)
Branch of BPS concerned with Psychometric Tests
Grants certification
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Tests Available - Personality
•Gordon’s Personal Profile Inventory
Personality
•Fundamental Interpersonal Relations
Orientation – Behaviour (FIRO-B)
•Hogan Personality Inventory
•Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
•State-Trait Anxiety Self Evaluation
Questionnaire, Form Y (STAI)
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Tests Available - Ability
•Censeo Cognitive Abilities (TS-1)
•Differential Aptitude Test for
Guidance (DAT-G)
Abilities
•Morrisby General Ability Tests (MGAT)
•Standard General Reasoning
International Test (S-GRIT)
•Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking
Appraisal Form C (W-GCTA)
•COA Aptitude Test
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Tests Available - Interest
•Prefinio / FastTomato
•Kudos
Interests
•Campbell Interest and Skill Survey
•Scores of other tests available online
• Pathfinder
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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The Morrisby System
Abilities
Interests
Personality
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Tests Available – All 3
Personality / Ability / Interests
•Morrisby Profile
Please come and see us at the exhibition
to find out more about how you can use
the Morrisby Profile with clients.
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Who can be tested?
• Ability and Personality tests not suited for under 14 years old
• Interest questionnaires can be used on any ages
• Tests usually cater for specific learning difficulties (e.g. dyslexia)
• Test publishers offer additional materials to aid candidates with
difficulties (e.g. large test papers)
• The training you receive as an accredited user will help you decide
who is suitable and who is not
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Advantages of Testing in Careers
Guidance
•Objective measurement of the individual
•Identify strengths and weaknesses
•Comparison with other people
•Improves self-awareness
•Reinforces or challenges a persons self-beliefs
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Advantages of Testing in Careers
Guidance
•Career recommendations
•Experience of being assessed
•Printed and bound reports
•Sources of further information
•Additional tool
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
How schools are
using
Psychometric
tests
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
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Feedback forms
If you could please complete a
feedback form for the workshop to
be eligible to win an I-Pod. Draw
will take place tomorrow.
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531
Morrisby
Thank you
Chris Addley BA BSc MSc
Chris.addley@morrisby.com
© 2010 The Morrisby Organisation • Focus 31 North, Cleveland Rd, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7EY • Tel: 01442 215521 - Fax: 01442 240531