Arguing Style Test

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P s y c h o m e t t r r i i c R e p o r r t t

A r r g u i i n g S t t y l l e T e s t t R e v i i s e d

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 1

Description:

A 40-item test assessing the test-taker's style of arguing (constructive vs. destructive) and to what degree s/he plays by the rules of constructive problem solving in typical conflict situations.

The test is suitable for adult and late adolescent population.

Reference:

Jerabek, I. (1999). Arguing Style Test. QueenDom.com

Sample Size

: 673

Sample Description

:

The sample includes men and women, aged 6 to 100, who took the test on Queendom.com .

Number of questions

: 40

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 2

1.Descriptive Statistics

Men and Women

Statistics score

N Valid

673

Missing 0

Mean

62.70

Std. Error of Mean .443

Median

63.00

Mode 64

Std. Deviation 11.503

Variance

132.329

Skewness -.057

Std. Error of Skewness

.094

Kurtosis -.468

Std. Error of Kurtosis

.188

Range 64

Minimum

31

Maximum 95

Percentiles 5

43.00

10 48.00

15

51.00

20 53.00

25

54.00

30 56.00

35

57.90

40 59.00

45

61.00

50 63.00

55 64.00

60 66.00

65 68.00

70 69.00

75 71.00

80

74.00

85 75.00

90

78.00

95 81.00

97

83.78

99 88.00

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 3

Women Only

Statistics score

N Valid

260

Missing 0

Mean

62.93

Std. Error of Mean .775

Median

63.00

Mode 73

Std. Deviation

12.490

Variance 155.999

Skewness

-.209

Std. Error of Skewness .151

Kurtosis -.684

Std. Error of Kurtosis .301

Range 56

Minimum 34

Maximum 90

Percentiles 5

41.00

10 45.00

15

49.00

20 52.00

25

54.00

30 56.00

35

58.00

40 59.40

45

61.00

50 63.00

55

64.00

60 68.00

65

69.00

70 71.70

75

73.00

80 74.00

85 76.00

90

78.90

95 82.90

97

84.00

99 87.39

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 4

Men Only

Statistics score

N Valid 148

Missing 0

Mean 63.99

Std. Error of Mean

.916

Median 65.00

Mode

64(a)

Std. Deviation 11.140

Variance

124.109

Skewness -.070

Std. Error of Skewness

.199

Kurtosis -.353

Std. Error of Kurtosis

.396

Range 58

Minimum

33

Maximum 91

Percentiles 5

45.00

10 48.00

15

52.00

20 53.00

25 55.25

30

57.70

35 60.15

40

62.00

45 64.00

50

65.00

55 66.00

60

67.00

65 69.00

70

71.00

75 72.00

80

74.00

85 75.00

90

78.00

95 80.00

97

87.53

99 90.02

a Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 5

2.Distributions for the Arguing Style Test

The distribution of the scores is shown in red; the normal curve is represented by the black line. The scores are displayed on the x-axis. The y-axis corresponds to the number of respondents who fall in the relevant score range.

Men and Women

Histogram

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

30 40 50 60 70

Score

80 90 100

Mean = 62.7

Std. Dev. = 11.503

N = 673

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 6

Women Only

Histogram

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

30 40 50 60

Score

70 80 90

Mean = 62.93

Std. Dev. = 12.49

N = 260

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 7

Men only

Histogram

25

20

15

10

5

0

30 40 50 60 70

Score

80 90 100

Mean = 63.99

Std. Dev. = 11.14

N = 148

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 8

3. Reliability and Internal Consistency

Score (40 items)

Inter-Item Consistency

Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha: 0.874

Split-Half Reliability

Correlation between forms: 0.700

Spearman-Brown formula: Unequal 0.824

Guttman’s formula: 0.818

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 9

62

60

58

66

64

4. Criterion and Construct Validity

1. Relationship between age and arguing style score.

Question #1: Enter your age

Significant score differences were found among groups of subjects depending on their age. As people age, their arguing style becomes less destructive and more constructive. See Annex 1 for a table showing homogeneous subsets.

F

(8,401)

= 1.678 p < 0.102

AGE AND OVERALL SCORE

68

10-15 16-18 19-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50-59

Age Groups

60+

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 10

2. Relationship between marital status and arguing style score.

Question #2: Relationship status:

OPTION VALUE="na" SELECTED>I don't want to answer

OPTION VALUE="1">Married

OPTION VALUE="2">Living with partner

OPTION VALUE="3">In a relationship, but living apart

OPTION VALUE="4">Currently not in a relationship

OPTION VALUE="5">Divorced and single

OPTION VALUE="6">Widowed and single

OPTION VALUE="7">Engaged to be married

No significant score differences were found among groups of subjects depending on their marital status.

Arguing style remains similar regardless of relationship status. See Annex 1 for a table showing homogeneous subsets.

F

(6,375)

= 1.105 p < 0.359

RELATIONSHIP STUTUS AND OVERALL SCORE

65

60

55

50

Ma rrie d

Liv ing

Wi th

Pa rtne r

In A

R elat io ns hi p,

Cu rre ntl

Bu t Li y N ot In A ving

Ap

Di vo rce d a

R elati on shi nd

S ingl e p

W ido w ed A ar t

En nd

Si ng le ga ge d T o B e Ma r

Relashionship Status

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 11

3 Relationship between length of the current romance and arguing style score.

Question #3: How long have you been in your current relationship?

OPTION VALUE="na" SELECTED>I don't want to answer

OPTION VALUE="1">Less than a year

OPTION VALUE="2">1-2 years

OPTION VALUE="3">3-5 years

OPTION VALUE="4">5-7 years

OPTION VALUE="5">7-10 years

OPTION VALUE="6">10-15 years

OPTION VALUE="7">15-20 years

OPTION VALUE="8">20+ years

No significant score differences were found among groups of subjects depending on the length of their current relationship. The arguing style remains similar regardless of whether people have been engaged for a short or long period of time. See Annex 1 for a table showing homogeneous subsets.

F

(7,324)

= 1.782 p < 0.090

LENGTH OF CURRENT RELATIONSHIP AND OVERALL SCORE

70

62.5

60

57.5

55

67.5

65

Less than 1-2 years 3-5 years 5-7 years 7-10 a year years

10-15 years

15-20 years

20+ years

Length Of Current Relationship

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 12

4. Relationship between level of satisfaction in a current romance and arguing style score.

Question #4: How satisfied are you with your current relationship?

OPTION VALUE="na" SELECTED>I don't want to answer

OPTION VALUE="1">I am 100% satisfied with my relationship with my partner

OPTION VALUE="2">I am quite content with my relationship with my partner

OPTION VALUE="3">I am neither happy nor unhappy

OPTION VALUE="4">I am rather unhappy in the relationship

OPTION VALUE="5">Our relationship is terrible

Significant score differences were found among groups of subjects depending on their level of satisfaction in a current relationship. Those who claim to be unhappy have a more destructive arguing style than those who are not. The effects are robust. See Annex 1 for a table showing homogeneous subsets.

F

(4,327)

=22.975 p < 0.000

SATISFACTION AND OVERALL SCORE

70

65

60

55

100% Satisfied Quite Content Neither Happy nor Unhappy

Rather Unhappy

Satisfaction

Terribly

Unhappy

5. Relationship between fighting and arguing style score.

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 13

Question #5:

Do you consider fighting with your partner to be a serious problem in your current relationship?

OPTION VALUE="na" SELECTED>I don't want to answer

OPTION VALUE="1">Yes

OPTION VALUE="2">Somewhat

OPTION VALUE="3">No

Significant score differences were found among groups of subjects depending on their attitude towards fighting in their current relationship. The arguing style of people who are unhappy about fighting is less destructive than those who are not.. The effects are robust. See Annex 1 for a table showing homogeneous subsets.

F

(2,336)

=52.534 p < 0.000

FIGHTING AND OVERALL SCORE

65

60

55

Yes Somewhat

Fighting

No

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 14

62

60

58

56

6. Relationship between stability, commitment and arguing style score.

Question #6:

Do you consider your relationship to be stable and long-term?

OPTION VALUE="na" SELECTED>I don't want to answer

OPTION VALUE="1">Yes

OPTION VALUE="2">No

OPTION VALUE="3">Not sure

Significant score differences were found among groups of subjects depending on the stability and degree of commitment in their current relationship. The arguing style of people who are in a stable and long term relationship is more constructive than the arguing style of those who express doubts. The effects are robust. See Annex 1 for a table showing homogeneous subsets.

F

(2,329)

=20.593 p < 0.000

STABILITY AND COMMITMENT AND OVERALL SCORE

68

66

64

Yes No

Stability and Commitment

Not Sure

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 15

5. Gender differences

Significant gender differences were detected: t

1) Men scored significantly higher than women in the general score:

(335)

=-0.883 p < 0.378 Mean difference: -1.060

Group Statistics for Gender Differences

Score

Gender

Woman

Man

N

260

148

Mean

62.93

63.99

Std. Deviation

12.490

11.140

Independent Samples Test for Gender Differences

Std. Error

Mean

.775

.916

Score Equal variances assumed

Equal variances not assumed t

-.856 df

406 t-test for Equality of Means

Sig.

(2-tailed)

Mean

Difference

Std. Error

Difference

.392

-1.060

1.238

95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

Lower

-3.492

Upper

1.373

-.883 335.212

.378

-1.060

1.199 -3.419 1.300

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 16

6.Correlations

Correlations

Score

Age

Length Of Current

Relationship

Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)

N

Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)

N

Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)

N

Score

673

.141(**)

1

.004

411

.017

.762

332

Age

.141(**)

.004

411

1

411

.599(**)

.000

328

Length Of

Current

Relationship Satisfaction

.017

.762

-.463(**)

.000

332

.599(**)

.000

328

1

332

.035

.531

326

.046

.411

332 319

Satisfaction Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)

N

-.463(**)

.000

332

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

.035

.531

326

.046

.411

319

1

332

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 17

ANNEX 1 -Homogeneous Subsets

The following table presents the homogeneous subset for arguing style score and the age groups.

Score

Tukey HSD

Subset for alpha =

.05

Age Groups

10-15

25-29

N

5

1

59.00

16-18

35-39

30-34

19-24

40-49

60+

50-59

Sig.

71

17

35

65

80

84

11

42

60.42

60.47

61.43

62.46

63.81

64.99

65.73

67.10

.454

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 19.737. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

The following table presents the homogeneous subset for arguing style score and relationship status.

Score

Tukey HSD

Subset for alpha = .05

Relationship Status

Widowed And Single

Engaged To Be Married

Currently Not In A

Relationship

Married

Divorced and Single

Living With Partner

In A Relationship, But

Living Apart

N

3

10

75

127

16

61

90

1

49.00

60.00

62.32

63.09

Sig.

.052

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 12.855.

2

60.00

62.32

63.09

63.50

64.10

64.51

.965

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 18

b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

The following table presents the homogeneous subset for arguing style score and relationship length.

Score

Tukey HSD

Subset for alpha =

.05

Length Of Current

Relationship

5-7 years

7-10 years

10-15 years

1-2 years

3-5 years

Less than a year

20+ years

15-20 years

Sig.

N

37

21

40

58

61

59

41

15

1

59.65

61.24

61.58

61.97

65.13

65.24

65.78

68.20

.081

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 33.156. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

The following table presents the homogeneous subset for arguing style score and relationship satisfaction.

Score

Tukey HSD

Subset for alpha = .05

Satisfaction

Terribly Unhappy

Rather Unhappy

Neither Happy nor

Unhappy

N

18

46

63

1

52.89

53.85

2

60.59

3

Quite Content

100% Satisfied

Sig.

141

64

.994

65.48

.224

65.48

70.81

.153

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 43.146. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 19

The following table presents the homogeneous subset for arguing style score and attitude toward fighting.

Score

Tukey HSD

Subset for alpha = .05

Fighting

Yes

Somewhat

No

Sig.

N

60

67

212

1

53.48

1.000

2

57.72

1.000

3

67.79

1.000

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 82.624. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

The following table presents the homogeneous subset for arguing style score, stability, and commitment in a relationship.

Score

Tukey HSD

Subset for alpha = .05

Stability and Commitment

No

Not Sure

N

37

1

56.24

2

Yes

Sig.

82

213

58.52

66.21

.483

1.000

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 68.311. b The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

Copyright Plumeus Inc. 2003 20

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