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542-2000 Mag-Elec_TEXT.qxd 6/9/11 2:49 PM Page 10
INVESTIGATION
2
M A K I N G
S T A T I C
E lectricity has different forms. One form is called current electricity.
This electricity works the lights and
TV in your home. Current electricity also flows in circuits you make with D-cells. Electricity has positive (+) charge and negative (–) charge. When electricity is flowing, charges are moving through the circuit.
Another form of electricity is static electricity.
Static electricity is electric charge that is present on an object. Static means “stationary.” Static electricity is charge that is not moving.
You can create a static charge in several ways. If you rub a balloon on a wool sweater, negative charges move onto the balloon. We say the balloon is negatively charged. If a charged balloon is brought near something that is positively charged, the opposite charges attract. A negatively charged balloon can stick to a positively charged wall. In the same way, a negatively charged comb can attract positively charged strands of hair.
Rub a balloon against your sweater.
Then stick it to the wall.
Rub a plastic comb against fabric.
Then make your hair stand on end.
10

542-2000 Mag-Elec_TEXT.qxd 6/9/11 2:50 PM Page 11
INVESTIGATION
2
If you rub two balloons on a sweater, and hang them from strings, the balloons will repel each other. Why? Because they are both negatively charged. Similar charges repel.
Rub two balloons on a wool sweater to get them negatively charged. Then hang them from strings.
When static charges build up really high, something exciting happens. A spark! When you reach for a doorknob after walking across a carpet, the charge jumps through the air. This is called discharge.
Rub your feet on a carpet or rug.
Then make a spark on a doorknob.
When clouds rub together, they pick up a huge static charge. When clouds discharge, a huge spark, called lightning, jumps from the cloud to the ground.
11

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