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Platyrrhini
Catarrhini
Nostrils
Large, separated by wide
septum
Small, separated by
narrow septum
Premolars
Three (2133 or 2132)
Two (2123)
Arboreal only
Habitat U s e
(only capuchin monkey
terrestrial at times)
Both arboreal &
terrestrial forms
Diurnal only
Diurnal & Nocturnal forms
Carry Infants
Dorsally
Ventrally
Infant Care by
Adult Ma l e s
Sometimes
Very Rarely
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Family
Subfamily
Cebidae
Common Names
Body size
General Social
Pattern
Squirrel monkey
Small
Large, multi-male,
multi-female groups
Some Special Features
- strictly seasonal breeding
_______________________
_______________
Capuchin monkey
- large brain
_________
- tool use
Medium
-adaptable & resourceful (like
Old World macaques)
- weakly prehensile tail
Callitrichidae
small
polyandry
tamarins,
twins, high paternal investment,
reproductive suppression
marmosets
Atelidae
Pithecinae
Uakaris & Sakis
Medium
Socially monogamous
Other?
Alouattinae
Atelinae
Howler monkeys
Spider monkey,
wooly monkey,
woolly spider
monkey
Large
Very large
One-male, multifemale groups
("harems")
Large fusion-fission
communities
red-faced uakari:sexual
selection?
Swamp dwellers (hard to study)
- LOUD howling
- prehensile tail (strong!)
- prehensile tails (strong &
dextrous!)
Interesting social patterns (kind
of like chimps and bonobos)
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Contrasts with the the Cebidae:
Gross
Characterization
Cebida e
Callitrichidae
"true" monkeys
"squirrel-like"
monkeys
Tiny
Body Size
Medium
Dental Formul a
2133 / 2133
"phyletic
dwarfism"
2132 / 2132
= molar reduction!
Nails & Claws
Nails on all digits
Clas on all digits
except hallux
Births
Singletons
Twins
Male Care of
Infant s
Rare & indirect
Direct & present in
most species
Alloparental Care
of Infant s
Absent
Present in most
species
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Cercopithecinae
Colobina e
"cheek pouch" monkeys leaf monkeys / langurs
Buccal pouches
Yes
No
Diet
Fruits & other
Leaves & other
Body Size
Medium to Large
Large to Very Large
Ta i l s
Shortish
Longish
Natal Coat
Same as adult or "drab"
colors
(e.g., black)
Often bright,
conspicuous colors
Continent of Highest
Diversity
Africa
Asia
Temperament
Active, socially dynamic
Couch potatoes?
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Hylobatidae
Hominidae
Category
The “lesser”
apes
The “great” apes
The
“human”
apes
Common
names
Gibbons and
siamangs
Orangutans
Gorillas
Chimpanzees
Bonobos
humans
Distribution
Southeast
Asia
Borneo,
Sumatra
-Lowland gorilla in
West Central Africa
-Mountain gorilla in
volcanic mountains
bordering Rwanda,
Uganda, and Congo
Tropical
rainforests and
tropical forests of
West, East, and
North-central
Africa
Central African
Rainforests
South of the big
bend of the
Congo River
Global
(plus?)
Size
Large
(5-11 kg)
Huge
(35-70 kg)
Huge
(90-150 kg)
Huge
(30-45 kg)
Huge
(30-45 kg)
Huge
Grouping
Pattern
Socially
monogamous
Solitary
Group (1 alpha male,
his ‘harem,’ and their
kids)
Large fissionfusion
communities
Large fissionfusion
communities
Large
multimal/
multifemae
communitie
s
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