Anth 1 Lecture note guide – Exam 3 (Revised 4/15/2015)
Key Terms – Write a brief definition or description-- in your own words as much as possible. Terms or questions may be added during Jeopardy game.
Sifakas
Ring species intermembral index
Ancestral trait
Black and white ruffed lemurs
Ecological niches
“The Social Climbers”
Interspecific alliance
Alarm calls
Derived trait
Homologous trait
Dental formula
Cusp pattern
+4
Y-5 centromere telomere tarsiers
Brain size / social group size
Capuchins
Howlers
Tamarins
Marmosets
Colobus
Diana monkeys lorises
You should also review the handouts for the films and activities:
“Lemurs with John Cleese”
Adaptive radiation
Carolina Five
Ringtails
Aye-ayes
Spot-nose guenons
Macaques
Baboons
Geladas
Language and culture
Characteristics of language
Characteristics of culture
Kanzi

Thought Questions – Answer each with a brief outline or paragraph. Include specific examples and definitions whenever possible.
1.
If we want to trace the phylogeny and divergence of two species, which traits will be most important to focus on? Which traits can we safely ignore?
Why?
2.
Discuss the difference between sympatry and interspecific alliance. Is it possible to be sympatric species without having an interspecific alliance? Is it possible to have an interspecific alliance without being sympatric species? Provide specific examples of real primates that really are in these situations.
3.
Why are tarsiers hard to classify? What do they share with lemurs? With monkeys and apes?
4.
Construct a simple cladogram with tarsiers, platyrhines, catarrhines, and hominoids. Which traits are at the nodes? (Remember, everything above the node shares that trait.)
5.
Know which monkeys are from the New World and which are from the Old
World (from the list on the previous page). Be able to tell lemurs from monkeys and monkeys from apes.
6.
Name the nonhuman apes and know where they live in the wild. Are any sympatric with other primate species?
7.
How can we tell that humans are apes? Provide specific details about the teeth, trunk and chromosomes.
8.
What are some of the differences between humans and other apes?
Provide specific details about the trunk and chromosomes.
9.
Consider protolanguage and protoculture. Do you agree with scientists that a nonhuman behavior must meet all the criteria in order to qualify as
“language” or “culture”? In your argument, avoid relying on opinions such as “I think the monkeys are just doing tricks.” Instead, refer to specific observable behaviors of humans, apes and monkeys.
10.
How do chimpanzees hunt? Which members of the group are most likely to hunt? What is the typical prey? What happens to the meat?