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I N C O R P O R AT I N G
South African Association for Marine Biological Research (SAAMBR)
Non Profit Company: Registration Number 1951/000002/08
Public Benefit Organisation: Number 930025295
Non Profit Organisation: Number 000-347NPO
Physical Addess:
Postal Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
E-mail:
Websites:
1 King Shaka Avenue, Point, Durban 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
PO Box 10712, Marine Parade 4056, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
+27 31 328 8222
+27 31 328 8188
info@saambr.org.za
www.saambr.org.za | www.ori.org.za | www.seaworld.org.za
SAAMBR Bulletin 37: July 2011–June 2012
© South African Association for Marine Biological Research, 2012
ISSN 0259-0050
Edited by:
Judy Mann, Denis Browne
Photo credits:
SAAMBR staff
Design & layout:
Desiré Pelser (Earth & Oceans Developments)
Printed on Triple Green using environmentally responsible printing practices.
Cover:
Photo by:
Diana’s hogfish swimming over soft corals and sponges at Sodwana Bay.
Camilla Floros
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SAAMBR: Vision and Mission
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Oceanographic Research Institute
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uShaka Sea World
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NPC Sea World Education Centre
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Finance and Administration
19
Publications List
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SAAMBR Council and Staff
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In 1951 the South African Association for Marine
collection of sea life, representative of our local seas and
Biological Research (SAAMBR) was founded as an
provides the visitor with a window into the Western Indian
Incorporated Association Not for Gain and non-
Ocean
governmental organisation.
The NPC Sea World Education Centre helps to build
Now over 60 years on, SAAMBR, a Non Profit Company and
knowledge among learners, teachers and resource users from
Public Benefit Organisation, remains true to its core objective
all sectors of the community by stimulating awareness and
of marine conservation, serving the communities of
appreciation of the marine environment. The Aquarium
KwaZulu-Natal, of Southern Africa, and of the East African
provides the idea platform to promote sustainable use of
seaboard.
marine resources.
SAAMBR’s purpose statement is:
Between human need and human greed, the environmental
“To contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal
destruction and overarching effects of climate change are
biodiversity and resources, by:
! generating and disseminating scientific information,
starting to realise. While the early founders of SAAMBR may
and
! inspiring and empowering people.”
threatening human survival on earth in ways that we are only
have been scorned for their ideas in the 1950’s, the current
environmental situation has shown them to have been
exceptional visionaries.
This is achieved through its three operating divisions:
! Oceanographic Research Institute
! uShaka Sea World
! NPC uShaka Sea World Education Centre
SAAMBR is a truly unique organisation, and is one of only a
few non-governmental marine research, education and
aquarium establishments in the world that are able to
continue making such significant and positive impacts on
The Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI) conducts
applied problem-solving research at local, national and
international levels in pursuit of the sustainable use of marine
resources and biodiversity conservation.
uShaka Sea World inspires people to enjoy, appreciate and
protect our marine heritage. It is home to a large and diverse
2 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
the environment.
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uShaka Sea World
uShaka Sea World has welcomed over 5.5 million people since opening in 2004.
The uShaka Sea World team designed, built and opened the innovative EcoHouse, which encourages
environmentally responsible behaviour.
2 Black throated monitor lizards joined the collection in their new enclosure, which was opened outside the
entrance to the Dangerous Creatures exhibit.
The mammal team hosted 324 Meet a Dolphin encounters.
11 endangered African Penguins hatched successfully at uShaka Sea World.
The seal team introduced the 1st Meet a Seal programme in Africa.
The removal of 125 pumps from the life support systems resulted in an electricity saving of R83 000 per year.
NPC Sea World Education Centre
111 865 learners visited uShaka Sea World – the second highest ever.
From uMtwalume, to Sodwana Bay and inland to Bergville – the Outreach Programme reached
thousands of learners in rural schools.
The NPC Sea World Education Programme sponsored 4 822
learners to visit uShaka Sea World.
Staff of the NPC Sea World Education Centre did marine
curriculum-based lessons at 44 schools for 5 963 learners.
Tree planting and climate change lessons were
conducted with 6 337 learners from 11 schools.
Oceanorgaphic Research Centre (ORI)
ORI scientists completed a three year study of the mechanisms that supply the KZN Bight ecosystem with
nutrients, in conjunction with scientists from the National Department of Environmental Affairs, Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research, and the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
The KZN coast is at risk from storm surge, on-going coastal erosion and sea-level rise. Through innovative
research, ORI is helping the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs (DAEA) to
determine coastal risk set-back lines for the Province.
ORI also developed an interactive tool for the DAEA, called the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI), to help KZN
coastal managers make environmental decisions based on defendable information.
ORI manages the launch registers for 42 small craft beach launch sites along the KZN coast. Over 50 000
launches were recorded in 2011.
ORI leads the South African research components of the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project
(SWIOFP) dealing with data collection, crustaceans, demersal and pelagic fishes, impacts of fisheries on
biodiversity, and the development of regional fisheries management strategies.
ORI scientists went to sea for nine SWIOFP research surveys, off Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and
Madagascar; and supervised six SWIOPF-funded MSc projects.
ORI is spearheading the effort to determine the long-term effects of climate change on southern African
coral reefs, through a suite of projects investigating the genetics, diseases, reproduction and recruitment of
living corals, and mapping the climate record through coral and sediment coring.
A total of 5 393 fish have been tagged and 738 have been recaptured in ORI’s St Lucia Marine Reserve
Shore Fish Monitoring and Tagging Project, over a period of 11 years.
Over 250 000 fish have been tagged in the ORI Linefish Tagging Project; which, after 27 years, has resulted
in one of the longest continuous data sets of this nature in the world.
ORI is working with the Zinkwazi-Blythedale Conservancy in a unique partnership of NGOs, to provide
valuable scientific information to assist in the conservation of local estuaries.
ORI’s client base and partners range from local, regional to international entities from the public, private and
civil sectors.
ORI implements over 40 marine science related projects at any one time.
Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI)
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ORI at a glance
Number of projects
46
Number of field trips
64
Scientist days spent in the field
The Oceanographic Research Institute has a proud, 54year history of supporting the conservation of the marine
and coastal environment and the sustainable use of its
natural resources in the KwaZulu-Natal Province and,
more recently, in the Western Indian Ocean.
555
Specialist publications
67
Students registered through ORI
14
This has been largely due to the efforts of Prof Rudy van der
Elst, who, after 42 years of service, retired as Director of the
Institute at the end of 2011.
To ensure continued excellence in service delivery, the
preservation of institutional knowledge and the perpetuation
of the organisation’s strong ethos, the director designate Dr
Larry Oellermann joined ORI six months before Prof van der
Elst’s official retirement date. The protracted mentoring
period resulted in a seamless handover of leadership at one of
the longest surviving research NGOs in South Africa.
Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
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The KwaZulu-Natal coastal environment is a highly sought
after destination for recreation, leisure and residence due
to its year-round warm climate and water temperatures.
This results in ever-increasing pressure for development,
and the need for effective management that ensures
sustainable use of the coast and its resources.
The Provincial Department of Agriculture and Environmental
Affairs (DAEA) is responsible for management of the coast and
the enforcement of the Integrated Coastal Management Act
(Act 24 of 2008, ICM), which requires a high degree of
scientific input. ORI has a long-standing relationship with the
DAEA, through an agreement, whereby ORI provides scientific
support to the DAEA on matters pertaining to coastal
management in general, and the implementation of the ICM
Act in particular. The partnership has resulted in the
development of innovative products that assist the DAEA in
meeting their mandate, such as the Coastal Vulnerability
Index (CVI) – an interactive tool developed for coastal
environmental managers.
In addition, with the collaboration of a range of specialists,
ORI is preparing a comprehensive document which will
synthesise what is known of the KZN coastal environment.
The synopsis will provide an overview of the physical
environment, the resources it offers and their use. The
information gathered for the synopsis will be used as a
baseline for the State of the Coast Report and the Coastal
Management Programme for KZN, both of which are required
in terms of the ICM Act.
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South African Association for Marine Biological Research
In 2002, regulations were promulgated under the National
Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998, NEMA)
to limit the use of off-road vehicles in the coastal zone.
Simultaneously, the launching of ski-boats from designated
beach launch sites was also placed under stricter control with
the obligatory licensing of these launch sites. These new
regulations presented an opportunity for the Province’s
coastal zone managers to obtain useful information on both
launches and the use of offshore marine resources.
A mandatory launch and catch register system, known as the
Boat Launch Site Monitoring System (BLSMS), was introduced
as a condition of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
developed for each of the 34 successfully licensed launch sites
in 2004. Generating unique and comprehensive launch site
statistics and information about associated activities, this
innovative system is managed by ORI on behalf of the DAEA
and in partnership with Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, and is the first
attempt at a Province-wide monitoring initiative for launch
sites in South Africa. The BLSMS is an example of unique,
mutually beneficial co-operation between different
stakeholders towards the common goal of improved
management of small craft launch sites in KZN.
Another innovative project initiated by ORI on behalf of the
DAEA is the development of an estuarine decision support
tool for environmental managers in KZN. To develop the
decision support toolkit, ORI has commenced with the
collation of basic physical information on 75 estuaries in KZN.
Information such as estuary boundary, length, depth,
surrounding land-use and potential risks to ecological
function will be included. Together with historical and current
photos, this information will form the basis of an estuarine
report card system. Critical concerns that will be highlighted
include coastal issues such as declining fresh water quality
and quantity; climate change; habitat change; biodiversity
alteration; and pest invasions. Ultimately, it is envisaged that
this part of the project will grow to include the other estuaries
within the Province and will provide a powerful management
tool for use by the relevant authorities.
Although the DAEA and ORI agree on a detailed work plan at
the start of each year, some degree of ad hoc support is built
into the agreement. For example, the unexpected running
aground of the tanker MT Phoenix at Sheffield Beach in late
2011 resulted in the DAEA having to take urgent action to
ensure that the environmental impact was minimised. ORI
scientists carried out site inspections and provided advice on
how best to minimise the potential impact on marine life and
nearby estuaries resulting from spilled fuel, oil and ballast
water. Long may this mutually beneficial relationship between
ORI and the DAEA continue to flourish!
Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI)
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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are critical to ensure
sustainable use of slow-growing and more resident
linefish species.
In addition to protecting biodiversity, no-take MPAs enable
resident fish populations to recover to natural levels, and to
seed the adjacent exploited areas, either through emigration
of juvenile and/or adult fish, or by dispersal of eggs and
larvae. The larger adult reef fish in protected areas also
produce more eggs and ensure the maintenance of genetic
integrity of exploited stocks. The St Lucia Marine Reserve
Sanctuary and the adjacent, previously exploited area south
of Leven Point, provides an important site to study these
critical issues.
The St Lucia Marine Reserve shore fish monitoring and
tagging project was set up to test the hypothesis that the
establishment of no-take MPAs can contribute to the
conservation and sustained use of linefish species. Shorebased angling is used to capture, tag and recapture linefish,
to the compare the species composition, size composition
and catch per unit effort (CPUE) within the Reserve to that of
an adjacent, previously exploited area. In addition, movement
patterns of important shore angling species can be monitored
on a fine spatial scale (±100 m); the growth rates of the
linefish species can be determined by the tag-recapture
method, and the natural mortality rates of resident fish
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populations protected within the MPA can be estimated, for
comparison with exploited populations.
As of the end of December 2011, a total of 5393 fish had been
tagged and 738 (13.7%) had been recaptured (this includes
multiple recaptures). Invaluable data on fish movement,
growth rates and mortality have been collected and analysed
for some of the species in the Reserve.
An analysis of the data collected so far suggests that there has
been recovery, both in terms of fish abundance and biomass,
in the previously exploited area adjacent to the sanctuary
since the ban on beach driving was implemented in January
2002. However, there is considerable short term variability in
the data, pointing to the importance of standardised, longterm monitoring studies of this nature.
This project was initiated in November 2001 with funding
from Marine and Coastal Management (MCM). Although this
funding was terminated in March 2009, SAAMBR continued to
support the project until August 2011, when alternative
funding was secured through the iSimangaliso Wetland Park
Authority.
Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
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With support from the Western Indian Ocean Marine
Science Association (WIOMSA), the Oceanographic
Research Institute has joined in efforts trying to
determine the long-term effects of climate change on
our coral reefs.
In this regard, increases in temperature associated with
climate change and the effects of the atmospheric build-up of
CO2, which are causing ocean acidification, are expected to
have global consequences for corals. The rise in temperature
is the most serious and causes the well-known phenomenon
of coral bleaching, which results in high levels of mortality.
The effects of ocean acidification are less well known but
reduce reef accretion (growth) and this is expected to cause
extensive reef loss. Non-lethal effects of climate change are,
however, the most pernicious, these being the slow, unseen
consequences of long-term stress caused by sub-lethal
heating and ocean acidification. As a result, stressed corals
become more prone to disease and may suffer impaired
reproduction and recruitment, this being reflected in reduced
larval dispersal and reef connectivity. Rather like long term
stress in humans often leads to disease!
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South African Association for Marine Biological Research
Coral reefs are economically important, especially in
developing countries where they not only provide a focus for
ecotourism, but are even more important to the livelihoods of
local communities and provide shoreline protection. WIOMSA
has helped to fund research on the effects of climate change
on coral biology at ORI for the past few years, with two ORI
students completing their doctorates on coral diseases and
coral reproduction.
A new disease known as Porites White Patch Syndrome
(PWPS) has been described, and the causes of the principal
coral disease in the region, Brown Band Disease (BBD), are
being investigated. In another study, fine-scale population
genetic analyses on fast- and slow-growing corals, are being
conducted. When the samples were collected, their position
on the study reefs was geo-referenced and this parameter,
together with assignment testing on multiple DNA markers,
is yielding information on the level of inter-relatedness of
these species. This will provide a measure of dispersal of coral
colonies on our reefs, informing us of their functional
connectivity. The results will reveal the likely consequences
of increasing climate-related stress on our coral communities
and their potential to recover from larval sources further
afield.
These studies will equip us to improve the management
of this valuable resource and prepare for some of the
consequences of climate change on coral reefs in the Western
Indian Ocean.
Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI)
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ORI has embarked on a partnership with the ZinkwaziBlythedale Conservancy (ZBC). This civil society body
has pro-actively secured funding from Wildlands
Conservation Trust and the Critical Ecosystem Protection
Fund (CEPF) for the protection and management of the
coastal areas between the Thukela and the Mvoti Rivers.
The objective of the project is to conserve floral and faunal
diversity through developing new networks and to build the
awareness and institutional capacity of local stakeholders for
biodiversity conservation. ORI’s work with the ZBC is to
provide advice on the legislation requirements and
stakeholders needed to fulfil the conservancy’s overall project
objectives.
In a scientific capacity, the collection of comprehensive
information pertaining to two of the six estuaries within the
conservancy will help to evaluate the present ecological state
and assess the overall integrity of these systems. This
evaluation involves a number of steps, beginning with the
physical limit of each estuary and collating and collecting
information that will ultimately build a conceptual model,
with inputs on how each functions, and outputs that
highlight risks to ecosystem health and integrity and how
these could affect the provisions of goods and services.
Tapping into national estuary monitoring initiatives by the
Department of Water Affairs, the Zinkwazi and Nonoti
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estuaries will be part of eight provincial pilot systems to have
continuous water quality and nutrient assessments. This
information, pooled with physico-chemical profiles from
headwaters to mouth during high and low flow conditions,
will provide an idea of the condition of water column habitat.
Biological sampling of invertebrates and fish will update the
assessment of biodiversity and will also indicate the
important ecological processes that may need to be
improved or protected.
An estuary is a continuum of ecosystems from land to sea.
Describing the ecological condition of an estuary is of little
benefit without understanding the pressures on, and
modifications to estuaries which help identify processes
that might be affected, and thus the development of
suitable indicators and monitoring programmes to assess
them.
Besides this assessment, we aim to leave a do-able and
sustainable monitoring programme in the capable hands of
the ZBC, enabling them to move forward with catchment
changes to conserve the Zinkwazi and Nonoti systems, and
also develop a blueprint for estuary management to tackle
other estuaries in the conservancy.
Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
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uShaka Sea World at a glance
Visitors to uShaka Sea World
Visitors to Dangerous Creatures
856
Seal presentations
724
Seal interactions
53
Dive team hours
5 982
Fish in uShaka Sea World
Species in Dangerous Creatures
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
uShaka Sea World, the most visible component of
SAAMBR, continues to inspire and empower people to
care for our oceans and environment.
78 386
Dolphin shows
Fish species in uShaka Sea World
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On the aquarium front, five exciting new exhibits were
opened during the year. Visitors were captivated through the
daily Bottlenose dolphin presentations and the entertaining
seal pantomimes.
While the exhibits and animal presentations take centre stage
in the eyes of the visitors, much of what really makes uShaka
Sea World possible happens behind the scenes. The Technical
team and the Operations division work tirelessly to ensure
that the quality of the water remains excellent, that the
exhibits remain clean and that the health of the animals is
optimal.
uShaka Sea World
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Just what does it take to keep the animals of uShaka Sea
World so healthy? Most important is the uShaka Sea
World team, whose hard work, commitment, enthusiasm,
energy, experience and caring are critical. In addition are
excellent facilities that provide good quality water,
veterinary expertise and a healthy diet for a very wide
range of incredible animals.
Good nutrition is critical to the health of the animals and the
team works hard to research and customise the diets of the
animals, in order to keep the diets as natural as possible. For
the many herbivorous fish in the aquarium, kilograms of peas,
broccoli, green peppers, lettuce and spinach are prepared
every day.
The penguins are fed primarily on sardines as this is what they
would eat in the wild. Our penguin colony gets through a
whopping 6 000kg sardines each year! Their food is
supplemented with vitamins and the food intake and weight
of each bird is carefully recorded each day to ensure that
every bird remains healthy.
The uShaka Sea World Nutrition policies are constantly being
updated to ensure that they are in line with the latest
international trends, while the hygiene of the food
preparation and feeding process are carefully monitored by
our animal health team to ensure the best quality.
The carnivorous fish are fed on a range of hake, sardines and
squid, even mussels and redbait are added periodically. We
even prepare prawns for the picky eaters, and many fish get
their daily dose of garlic – to keep infections at bay.
Each exhibit at uShaka Sea World has its own daily menu
tailored to provide optimal nutrition for all animals in that
exhibit.
Many of the larger sharks and rays have been target trained,
which means that we can feed individuals and ensure that
they each get the right amount of food and a special “shark
vitamin” supplement.
Many of the smaller animals, such as seahorses and razor fish,
can only eat minute prey such as brine shrimps. In the
cultures laboratory the innovative team also grow algal
cultures under special lights, which are fed to the rotifers.
Rotifers are microscopic ciliated aquatic animals which feed
on unicellular algae. They reproduce quickly and dense
concentrations quickly appear in the culture tanks. These are
then fed to the coral exhibits, fish larvae and little jellyfish.
The dolphins and seals eat hake, sardines, maasbanker, squid,
cuttlefish and corvina. All purchases are from reputable local
suppliers, and the fish quality is very strictly controlled. Every
batch is tested by our resident microbiologist and stored in
our -30 degree Celsius freezer. We ensure there is a good mix
of rich and lean fish to balance the animal’s diets. The diet of
each animal is based on their weight and condition. Affrika,
one of our female dolphins, eats over 6 600kg fish each year,
while Jabu, our largest seal eats over 1 500kg fish a year.
Just as with humans, vitamins are vital to ensure the good
health of the marine mammals. Vitamin B1 is added to ensure
their nervous systems stay healthy, and other vitamins are
added as required.
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Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
| 11
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With a proud history of over 60 years, SAAMBR has some
very special icons – animals who have become
synonymous with uShaka Sea World.
Top of the list is Gambit – uShaka Sea World’s Living Legend.
Gambit is believed to be the largest bottlenose dolphin in
any oceanarium in the world. His average weight is around
490kg and he is 3.65m long. He is father to seven of the nine
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12 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
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dolphins born at Sea World and grandfather to one. He is a
true ocean ambassador and has, since 1976, helped us share a
message of conservation in a way that no human could. His
energy and remarkable presence make him unforgettable.
Frodo is the only Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphin at uShaka
Sea World and is a proud mother of six of the dolphins born at
uShaka Sea World
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and, following her natural nesting instincts, laid several
clutches of eggs. Unfortunately, all the eggs were infertile. In
the early days she ate primarily hake and lettuce; however,
more recently our nutritionist has been attempting to give her
Sea World, and grandmother to one. She is an excellent,
mother keeping a watchful eye on her calf, while allowing it to
explore, learn and gain confidence. While a smaller animal,
she only weighs 160kgs, she is definitely dominant over giant
Gambit. They have a remarkable bond and are definitely the
golden oldies in our facility.
a more balanced diet but, like many of us, she is reluctant to
try broccoli and still prefers hake.
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Gimli, a female Cape Fur seal, was born at Sea World to
parents Siggi and Benji in 1986. She is a confident seal who
enjoys being massaged by water hoses and swimming over
divers’ bubbles. She is retired from shows, however still takes
part occasionally in photograph sessions with the public.
Sea World has housed a colony of African Penguins since the
late 1970s, after the first stranded penguin was brought to
Sea World. Dee has been a part of our penguin colony since
1982. She has proven that penguins do not always mate for
life. She has paired with a number of different penguins in her
lifetime. Her latest mate is only three years old. Dee has
hatched and raised many chicks, a significant achievement for
this endangered species.
Gertrude is a female loggerhead turtle who arrived at Sea
World as a juvenile in 1990. She moved, along with the rest of
the Sea World family, to uShaka Marine World. Her new exhibit
had a large beach area which she started to use as a nesting
beach. Over two consecutive years Gertrude emerged on a
number of occasions at night during October and November
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The amazing animals at uShaka Sea World inspire visitors
to love and care for our environment; but simply caring for
animals is not enough – we also need to know how to take
action to care for our planet.
One of the challenges faced by an aquarium is how to help
visitors connect the inspiring animal exhibits that they see,
with conservation messages, especially those about climate
change and sustainable living.
uShaka Sea World currently has two exhibits which are
designed to inspire behaviour change in visitors. The first
focuses on the endangered African penguin, while the
second is not connected with a live animal exhibit, but is
designed as a mock house, filled with practical ideas for
sustainable living.
This year saw the opening of the renovated Penguin Rookery.
The home improvements took place both inside the penguin
area – where the birds’ nesting area was increased
substantially, enabling us to house more of this endangered
species – as well as in the visitor areas. The visitor area was
improved through the installation of an archway and all of
the annotations were changed to make them more attractive,
interactive and engaging. A number of fun photo
opportunities were also installed.
The renovated Conservation Corner gives visitors an
opportunity to learn more about the conservation of these
special little birds. The Penguin Promises campaign, which
encourages people to make a pledge to live in a more
sustainable way, is highlighted in this exhibit. Visitors can
make a “Promise to the Penguins” and post their promise in
the specially designed post box.
In a bold new step, uShaka Sea World ventured beyond
animal exhibits into the challenging realm of climate change
– more practically, what people can do about the problem of
climate change. In February 2012 uShaka Sea World opened
the “EcoHouse”, an innovative new exhibit situated at the
entrance to the aquarium.
As visitors wander through the “EcoHouse”, a friendly penguin
icon invites them to explore easy ways to reduce their energy
use and save money at home. From a full sized geyser, heat
pump and solar panel, to a quirky woman in the fridge and
washing machine, interactive electricity panels, flushing
toilets and flowing showers, and much more, the exhibit
attracts attention and challenges visitors to action.
Filled with fascinating and sometimes scary facts – Did you
know that we are now paying over double for electricity today,
compared to three years ago? – the exhibit helps visitors to
connect their daily actions with their impact on our climate.
Linking to the Penguin Promises campaign, a huge penguin
model post box invites visitors to make a “Promise to the
Penguin”.
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14 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
uShaka Sea World has a simple philosophy – inspire our
visitors with the amazing animals in our incredible facility,
connect them to the oceans, introduce them to some of the
challenges facing our oceans, and help them understand that
everything, including humans, are connected in the amazing
web of life. This will empower them to make responsible
decisions that will help our environment, so that they return
home inspired and motivated to make a difference for our
planet.
NPC Sea World Education Centre
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Education Centre at a glance
Learners to uShaka Sea World
111 865
Teachers to uShaka Sea World
12 721
Learners attending lessons
3 216
Learners on courses
3 191
Sponsored visits to uShaka Sea World
4 822
Schools visited on Outreach Programme
44
Learners attending lessons on Outreach 5 963
Teachers on teacher workshops
Number of volunteers
This year has seen some exciting new developments for
the NPC Sea World Education Centre.
Half of the year’s footfall, the second highest in uShaka Sea
World’s history, was accommodated in just three months of
the year – August, September and October. Traditionally the
time of year when schools from outside of KwaZulu-Natal visit
Durban.
The Education Advisory Committee was reinstituted with the
assistance of dedicated individuals from the fields of
environmental education and the KwaZulu-Natal Department
of Education. This committee will help to guide the activities
of the Centre, ensuring that the various programmes remain
aligned to national best practice.
501
46
Hours donated by education volunteers 7 765
Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
| 15
F
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m
a
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E
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c
a
t
i
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P
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The formal education programme remained a focus for
the NPC Sea World Education Centre. The youth of today
face increasing environmental challenge, and the
opportunity to reach over 100 000 learners and teachers
each year with powerful conservation messages is one
that cannot be wasted.
160,000
154,082
140,000
120,000
111,865
97,444
100,000
Careful management of bookings enabled a record number of
learners to visit uShaka Sea World during the year. The
number of participants in senior school courses increased by
40%, as teachers realise that the Education Centre can assist
in teaching challenging parts of the curriculum. Lessons,
guided tours and courses for junior and senior primary
learners remained popular, while teacher’s workshops
provided valuable opportunities for the exchange of
knowledge between teachers and education staff.
99,711
80,000
95,081
88,089
90,778
81,369
60,000
40,000
2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Learner visitors to NPC Sea World Education Centre
Skills development
An Environmental Speech Competition was hosted for 50 deaf
learners who gave expressive and passionate presentations,
with the assistance of translators. In addition to deaf learners,
a number of other groups of learners with either physical or
mental challenges were welcomed by the Education team,
who, with the assistance of staff from throughout SAAMBR,
made the children feel welcome and special.
South Africa continues to experience a severe skills shortage in
the conservation field and many national activities have been
initiated to address this problem. Most youth do not consider a
career in the marine environment, hence the dire shortage of
qualified people to fill posts nationwide.
The NPC Sea World Education Centre was able to contribute
towards increasing an understanding of careers in the marine
environment during National Science Week. Grade 9 learners
from 12 disadvantaged schools participated in a “work
experience” day at uShaka Sea World. They had the
opportunity to interact with scientists, aquarists, mammal
trainers and education staff. During the week, presentations on
fisheries management and marine careers were also given by
the Outreach team at five schools. In addition to this
programme, two two-day Marine Careers courses were run
during the holidays for interested learners. These activities give
youngsters interested in a career in the marine environment a
far better understanding of the realities of work in these fields.
Many of the participants noted that the passion of the
SAAMBR staff inspired them to really think about their
environmental actions.
The popular holiday courses were again hosted by the
Education team. Two courses were run for NPC staff, customers
and their families, two courses for the junior conservationists
of the KZN Wildlife Kids’ Club, and an open three-day course.
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16 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
The “Introduction to Marine Biology” course remained popular
and two of these evening courses were held. The course
covers basic marine biology and fish identification and is run
over five evening sessions. Attendance ranges from divers to
housewives, teachers to engineers – all of who share a passion
for the marine environment.
NPC Sea World Education Centre
O
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P
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During the year under review 4 822 learners were
sponsored to visit uShaka Sea World as part of the
Outreach Programme. Schools are selected based on their
financial situation, as well as their ability to integrate the
visit into subsequent lesson plans.
It is interesting to note that due to the difficult financial
situation many parents find themselves in, the number of
requests from schools for sponsorship for entrance fees has
declined. This is because many schools cannot raise sufficient
funds for transport. We are investigating options to address
this need.
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.
As can be seen, the areas selected all have a strong coastal
link. With their increased knowledge, learners and teachers in
these communities can potentially impact positively on
marine resource use in these areas.
The Outreach Team, with the assistance of the SAAMBR Green
Team, celebrated Arbour Week at 11 schools. Climate change
and its effect on the ocean was discussed with 6 337 learners.
Presentations were sometimes done for the whole school –
outside the classrooms, before planting trees.
The highlight of the calendar, the annual Marine Day
Competition, was again a resounding success. The theme for
this year’s competition was “Our Wonderful Ocean”, and 13
finalists were chosen from schools that had hosted the
Outreach Programme during the year. The schools came from
across KwaZulu-Natal, each presenting a play or an individual
poem. The enthusiasm of the participants was contagious
and the obvious commitment of the teachers was heartwarming.
The Outreach team was requested by the Ezemvelo KZN
Wildlife Subsistence Fisheries Unit to give lessons at schools in
uMthwalume. Two workshops on fisheries management were
also done for teachers and fishermen in the area. This is a
coastal community with a fairly high rate of poaching and sale
of illegal species, so the focus of the training was on species
biology and the consequences of overfishing.
Stepping beyond the coast, the Outreach Programme worked
with schools in and around Bergville through the KwaZuluNatal Department of Education Resource Centre in Bergville.
Each year, after considerable fundraising initiatives, schools
from this region visit us and their teachers attend marine
workshops – such is their conviction of the educational value
of a visit to uShaka Sea World.
The Outreach Programme also visited rural primary schools in
the Mseleni area near Sodwana Bay where two teachers’
workshops on “Biodiversity and Classification” were
conducted. Workshops were also conducted for a group of
schools in and around the Port Shepstone area.
Relationships with individuals have been developed over
years and form the foundation of the work by the Outreach
Team. Ultimately this network of inspired individuals will
enable us to achieve so much more in Kwa-Zulu-Natal
communities.
Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
| 17
G
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t
A
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a
r
e
n
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s
s
Ensuring that every guest who visits uShaka Sea World
leaves inspired to care for the environment is an
enormous responsibility and challenge.
The uShaka Sea World Guest Relations Team are entrusted
with this important function. Their role is to communicate our
passion for the marine environment to visitors throughout the
aquarium. Through presenting commentaries during fish
feeds, and encouraging visitors to touch marine creatures or
look at exciting microscopic animals, enthusiastic staff have
the potential to transform the guest experience.
Training and assessment programmes have been undertaken
with the Guest Relations Guides to improve their capacity to
inspire guests.
Southern African Sustainable Seafood Initiative
Inspiring visitors is just the first step in our guest awareness
programme. The next step is to connect what a visitor does
at home with what happens in the oceans, and then to
empower them to make the behaviour changes needed to
live more sustainably. The Sustainable Seafood Initiative
(SASSI) helps people to select the right seafood, and is a
critical component of the guest awareness programme.
Preliminary results of research conducted on the national
SASSI programme have indicated that uShaka Sea World is
18 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
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one of the top venues where South Africans are hearing
about this initiative. This means that uShaka Sea World has
great potential to expand this vital awareness programme.
Moving beyond the aquarium, the NPC Sea World Education
Centre has become the node for SASSI Supporter Restaurants
in KwaZulu-Natal. The team is assisting restaurants to make
more sustainable choices in their selection of seafood, and are
signing up new restaurants to the initiative.
Courses have also been run for various restaurant managers
and waitrons in Durban and surrounds.
The role of the volunteers in the Education Centre cannot be
underestimated. The volunteer guides contributed over
7 700 hours of work to SAAMBR during the year under
review. The value of this contribution cannot be
overestimated as, not only do many of the volunteers have
many years of experience and a vast knowledge base, they
also have an incredible passion for the oceans, a passion with
which they are able to inspire guests.
Finance and Administration
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Finance and Administration at a glance
Total revenue
R53.8 million
Operating expenses
R52.1 million
Estimated value of media
Estimated value of Idols SA
media coverage
The Finance and Administration team is constantly
looking at innovative ways to enhance processing and
reporting in order to increase operating efficiency and to
further support SAAMBR’s operating divisions.
R7.7 million
uShaka Sea World welcomed 752 363 visitors during the
2011/2012 period, a good attendance considering the current
financial situation both globally and in South Africa. Every
visitor to uShaka Sea World provides us with an opportunity
to inspire another person with our conservation message. Our
focus will remain, therefore, on increasing visitor numbers –
for the greater good of conservation and the future of uShaka
Marine World.
R9 million
Unqualified
Audit report
Compliance with
legislation
Memorandum of
Incorporation
Attendance:
uShaka Sea World
1,000,000
924,686
900,000
763,743
800,000
700,000
667,388
600,000
623,885
701,938
2008/9
2009/10
555,204
500,000
752,363
552,334
400,000
2004/5
2005/6
2006/7
2007/8
2010/11
2011/12
Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
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11 January 2004 marked the final trading day at the old
Sea World premises located on the Lower Marine Parade.
Revenue during the final trading year was R14 365 472
of which 30% related to research revenue. Expenses were
R12 837 898 of which maintenance costs were R401 421,
animal food was R541 619 and salaries were R7 200 604.
Then it was time for the one kilometre move to our new
home at uShaka Marine World. At the Annual General
Meeting held on 11 October 2004 the President of SAAMBR,
Mr. P.J.C. Horne, said:
“What a great pleasure it is to be in our new home today, in
this, our 51st year. Whilst our old premises served us well they
had become very tired and the maintenance of the buildings
and facilities was becoming an increasing and unbearable
burden for us.
“These new premises and the facilities, which we now have
at our disposal, are what can only be described as light years
ahead of where we were this time last year, something we
have dreamed of for many years”.
Now, eight years later, our revenue is R53 798 985 of which
16% refers to research revenue. Operating costs are now
R52 094 843 – maintenance costs have grown exponentially
to R5 487 405, animal food to R2 502 375, and salaries to
R32 830 022.
With funding from the Effingham Contribution from the
Durban Marine Theme Park (Pty) Limited, SAAMBR was able
to design, develop and build exciting new exhibits. These
20 |
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included, improved visibility of the penguin rookery and
interactive interpretation, two new conservation stations, an
exhibit built outside the Dangerous Creatures exhibit to
house Black throated monitor lizards, and the EcoHouse at the
entrance to the aquarium.
Memorandum of Incorporation
The Companies Act, 2008 came into law in May 2011. This
new Act has created a new category of company – the Non
Profit Company (NPC). SAAMBR, previously a Section 21
company, automatically falls into this category. The new
Companies Act provides an opportunity to simplify
administrative procedures at SAAMBR, and enables the
foundation document, which has been amended from time to
time, to be updated.
In order to achieve this, SAAMBR will adopt a new
Memorandum of Incorporation which will replace the
previous Memorandum and Articles of Association. The
SAAMBR Council has sought legal advice, and drafted a
document which is true to the history of the organisation
while reflecting the current vision, suits how SAAMBR is
administered, and complies with both the Companies Act,
2008 and the Income Tax Act.
Finance and Administration
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SAAMBR is most grateful for the significant and
ongoing support of the eThekwini Municipality.
Our heartfelt thanks go to the management and staff
of NPC-CIMPOR for their tremendous support of the
NPC Sea World Education Centre.
Our sincere thanks go to the Province of KwaZulu-
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uShaka Sea World is well known for its amazing collection
of animals, but it takes many people – almost 200 fulltime and part-time employees, over 60 volunteers and 25
Council members – to operate SAAMBR.
This committed group of people undertake tasks ranging
from attending to the daily needs of our animals, our guests
and our life support systems, to undertaking cutting edge
research and educational activities, and planning and guiding
a dynamic direction for the institution into the future.
Natal's Department of Agriculture, Environmental
Affairs and Rural Development for their constant
commitment to SAAMBR's research projects.
We express our gratitude to all organisations that
support and have funded SAAMBR’s research activities.
We extend our thanks to the Trustees of the Sea
SAAMBR inspires long service in staff and volunteers. At the
Annual General Meeting in 2011, five staff members received
recognition for 10 years of service, three staff members for 20
years of service, while one staff member was recognised for
30 years at SAAMBR. A total of three volunteers have been at
SAAMBR for 5 years, two have served for 10 years, and two
marked 20 years of voluntary service at SAAMBR.
World Foundation for Research, Education and
Development for their valued contribution to the
work of SAAMBR.
The commitment and dedication of the entire SAAMBR team
is gratefully acknowledged.
We would like to acknowledge the SAAMBR Council,
with much gratitude, for their leadership, vision and
stewardship of the Association. It is thanks to their
tireless support in guiding the Association that
SAAMBR has been able to endure and thrive for over
60 years.
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Each day at uShaka Sea World we inspire our visitors to
care for our oceans; however, we are only able to reach the
people who have the opportunity to visit us. With the
support of our animals and their caretakers, our Media
and Public Relations team have the opportunity to reach
millions of people.
Outstanding media coverage was once again achieved with
the support of local newspapers, magazines, television and
radio broadcasts. These traditional, stable media platforms
were given maximum attention whilst we also explored social
and digital media options. SAAMBR featured in 158 print
articles, 30 radio mentions or interviews, and 22 television
inserts. These figures only represent SAAMBR’s efforts and not
those of High Footprint Management who operate uShaka
Marine World.
uShaka Sea World a unique location for SA TV show
By far the most rewarding media event was the hosting of
Idols SA – a very popular TV show, which was filmed at uShaka
Marine World between February and March and screened in
June on Mnet.
SAAMBR played host to over 3 000 contestants and a handful
of judges over two consecutive weekends during the early
rounds. Hundreds of hopeful contestants camped outside the
uShaka Marine World entrance determined to impress the
judges and to receive the much-coveted invitation to the next
round. Six television crews were almost constantly filming the
contestants to ensure that all good TV moments were
captured. The finals were filmed in the aquarium in the Shark
and Open Ocean galleries, which were converted into a
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South African Association for Marine Biological Research
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television studio. It is widely acknowledged that uShaka Sea
World was the most original and popular location used in any
Idols series anywhere in the world. Images of the three judges
in front of the Shark exhibit, as well as individually interacting
with some of the uShaka Sea World animals, were shown
around the world. The value of the publicity generated
through this project is estimated to be in excess of R9 million.
Special groups
uShaka Sea World staff dedicate considerable time and effort
to catering for adults and children with special needs. We
continued our longstanding relationship with Reach for a
Dream in making magical memories for children with life
threatening illnesses. Most of our “dream” children are
accompanied by their parents who are able to forget about
doctors, injections and tears for one special day filled with joy
and excitement as their children interact with the dolphins,
seals and reptiles. Kissing a dolphin is still a favourite wish but
is followed closely by a dream of seeing sharks.
SAAMBR’s team are experienced in assisting compromised
children and it is not uncommon to see a staff member gently
holding and guiding a paralysed, blind or very weak child in
the water so they too can snorkel with the fish, feed the rays,
dive with the sharks, kiss a seal, feel a snake, and play with a
dolphin. It is these special moments that remind us of our
humanity – and of the compassion that binds the SAAMBR
staff together.
Finance and Administration
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SAAMBR has shown remarkable resilience and endurance
throughout its history, and has the vitality to continue
to address some of the challenges facing our oceans –
climate change, biodiversity loss, resource
overexploitation – through research, public awareness
and education.
Our “vitality” has five components:
! financial vitality;
! biological vitality;
! environmental vitality;
! community vitality; and
! team vitality.
SAAMBR’s
5 Arms of Vitality
Biological Vitality
making sure that our animal
collections are sustainable, both
the animals on exhibit and the
food used to feed the animals
and that our research projects
are conducted ethically
Team Vitality
ensuring that the strength of
SAAMBR, its staff, remain well
trained and motivated
Given the current challenges facing society and the
environment, SAAMBR’s purpose statement is perhaps even
more relevant today than it was over 60 years ago when the
founding members of the Association had the foresight to
form the Association.
It is reassuring to note that the activities of SAAMBR remain
geared towards the fulfilment of the Association’s Purpose
Statement:
“To contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal
biodiversity and resources by:
! generating and disseminating scientific information, and
! inspiring and empowering people.”
Financial Vitality
making sure that we have the
financial security to sustain
ourselves into the future
Environmental Vitality
ensuring that the overall
environmental impact of the
facility with respect to
resources such as water,
energy, and waste is
carefully managed
Community Vitality
ensuring that our impact on the
broader society is positive
Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
VERY ROUGH CUT
| 23
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(January 2011 to June 2012)
1. PAPERS IN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS
Cyrus, D., Jerling, H., MacKay, C.F. & Vivier, L. 2011. Lake St. Lucia, Africa’s largest estuarine lake in crisis: Combined effects of mouth
closure, low levels and hypersalinity. South African Journal of Science 107(3/4): 1-13p.
De Freitas, A.J. 2011. The Penaeoidea of southeast Africa IV – The family Penaeidae: Genus Penaeus. Investigational Report.
Oceanographic Research Institute, (59): 1-125.
De Lecea, A.M., Smit, A.J. & Fennessy, S.T. 2011. The effects of freeze/thaw periods and drying methods on isotopic and elemental
carbon and nitrogen in marine organisms, raising questions on sample preparation. Rapid Communications in Mass
Spectrometry 25(23): 3640–3649.
Diemer, K.M., Mann, B.Q. & Hussey, N.E. 2011. Distribution and movement of scalloped hammerhead Sphryna lewini and smooth
hammerhead Sphyrna zygaena sharks along the east coast of Southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 33(2): 229238.
Floros, C., Schleyer, M.H., Maggs, J.Q. & Cilliers, L. 2012. Baseline assessment of high-Latitude coral reef fish communities in
southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 34(1): 55-69.
Groeneveld, J.C., von der Heyden, S. & Matthee, C.A. 2012. High connectivity and lack of mtDNA differentiation among two
previously recognized spiny lobster species in the southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Marine Biology Research 8(8): 764770.
Guerreiro, J., Chircop, A., Dzidzornu, D., Grilo, C., Ribeiro, R., van der Elst, R.P. & Viras, A. 2011. The role of international
environmental instruments in enhancing transboundary marine protected areas: An approach in East Africa. Marine Policy
35: 95-104.
Macdonald, A.H.H., Schleyer, M.H. & Lamb, J.M. 2011. Acropora austera connectivity in the south-western Indian Ocean assessed
using nuclear intron sequence data. Marine Biology 158(3): 613-621.
Mann, B.Q., Pradervand, P., Maggs, J.Q. & Wintner, S. 2012. A characterization of the paddle-ski fishery in KwaZulu-Natal, South
Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 34(1): 119-130.
Palmer, B.J., van der Elst, R.P., MacKay, C.F., Mather, A.A., Smith, A.M., Bundy, S.C., Thackeray, Z., Leuci, R. & Parak, O. 2011:
Preliminary coastal vulnerability assessment for KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue 64:
1390-1395.
Sadovy de Mitcheson, Y., Craig, M.T., Bertoncini, A.A., Fennessy, S.T., et al. 2012. Fishing groupers towards extinction: a global
assessment of threats and extinction risks in a billion dollar fishery. Fish and Fisheries. Available Online: DOI: 10.1111/j.14672979.2011
Sheppard, C.R.C., Ateweberhan, M., Schleyer, M.H., et al. 2011. Reefs and islands of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean: why it
is the world’s largest no-take marine protected area. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 22: 232-261.
Steyn, E. & Schleyer, M.H. 2011. Movement patterns of the East Coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus rubellus on the coast of
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45(1): 85-101.
Wimberger, K., Armstrong, A.J., & Penning, M.R. 2011. Health checks of rehabilitated leopard tortoise, Stigmochelys pardalis,
before release into the wild. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 31(2): 1-7.
2. BOOKS
Harris, G. 2011. Touching Animal Souls - Life Lessons from the animal world. Kima Global Publishers, Fish Hoek, South Africa.
273p.
3. BOOK CHAPTERS
Schleyer, M.H. 2011. Reef Ecosystems. In: Nicola James & Juliet Hermes (Editors). Insights into impacts of climate change on the
South African marine and coastal environment. South African Environmental Observation Network: Elwandle Node: 33-41.
Van der Elst, R.P. & MacKay, C.F. 2011. The economic importance of mangrove ecosystems and associated aquatic fauna. In: In the
mangroves of South Africa. Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Region: 113-121.
4. THESES
Dunlop, S.W. 2011. An assessment of the shore-based and offshore boat-based linefisheries of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. MSc
thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban: 211p.
Grimmer, A. 2012. Accretion versus bioerosion on the Maputaland reefs in South Africa – The major processes. MSc thesis,
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban: 79p.
Hart, J.R. 2012. Coral recruitment on a high-latitude reef at Sodwana Bay, South Africa: Research methods and dynamics. MSc
thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban: 67p.
Maggs, J.Q. 2011. Fish surveys in exploited and protected areas of the Pondoland Marine Protected Area with consideration of
the impact of the MPA on coastal fisheries. MSc thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban: 140p.
Stow, C.A. 2011. Spatial and temporal variations in macrozoobenthic communities of KwaZulu-Natal temporarily open/closed
estuaries. MSc thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal: 227p.
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South African Association for Marine Biological Research
Publications List
5. UNPUBLISHED REPORTS
Everett, B.I., van der Elst, R.P., Santana-Afonso, P., Jiddawi, N., Assan, C., Robinson, J., Fondo, E., Khadun, S., Boinali, K., Ramanantsoa,
M. & Andriamaharo, T. 2011. WIOFish database: A catalogue of small-scale fisheries of the western Indian Ocean: Annual
Report, September 2011. 168p.
Groeneveld, J.C. 2012. Retrospective Analysis of existing data on deep-water trawl-fisheries for crustaceans in the South West
Indian Ocean. Specialist report prepared for the South West Indian Ocean Project. SWIOFP RMU, KMFRI, Mombasa, Kenya.
65p.
Maggs, J.Q., Mann, B.Q., Els, M. & Govender, R.D. 2011. National Marine Linefish System: Recreational angling data collection by
Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife: 2010 Annual Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 51p. (ORI Unpublished Report 292).
Mann B.Q., Khumalo, M.C., Maggs, J.Q. & Mthethwa, D. 2011. Boat Launch Site Monitoring System (BLSMS): 2010 Annual Report.
Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 53p. (ORI Unpublished Report 294).
Oceanographic Research Institute. 2011. Annual Research Report 2010. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 61p (ORI
Unpublished Report 290).
Steyn, E. & Schleyer, M.H. 2011. Assessment of acorn barnacles photographed on the MV luxury SW. Oceanographic Research
Institute, Durban: 7p. (ORI Unpublished Report 291).
Steyn, E., Floros, C.D. & Schleyer, M.H. 2011. Biodiversity assessment of the proposed Umhlanga tidal pool site at Lighthouse Reef.
Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 18p. (ORI Unpublished Report 293).
Steyn, E. & Schleyer, M.H. 2011. Assessment of management options for the East Coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus.
Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 22p. (ORI Unpublished Report 295).
Van der Elst R. (Ed). 2012. Mainstreaming biodiversity in fisheries management: a retrospective analysis of existing data on
vulnerable organisms in the South West Indian Ocean. Specialist report prepared for the South West Indian Ocean Project.
207 pp.
5. POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
Dunlop, S.W. 2011. Marine Fish Tagging - What is it about? Go Fish Magazine. September/October 2011: 5.
Dunlop, S.W. 2011. Low reporting rates for the recapture of tagged fish. Go Fish Magazine. November/December 2011: 6-7.
Dunlop, S.W. 2011. The South African Marine Linefish Tagging Project. Environment - People and Conservation in Africa. Summer
2011:60.
Everett, B.I. 2011. WIOFish spreads its fins. SANCOR Newsletter (197): 5-6.
Fennessy, S.T. 2011. Prawns in perspective. Environment - People and Conservation in Africa (7): 61.
Floros C.D. 2011. South Africa's coral reef marine protected areas. African Diver 19 : 21-28
Floros C.D. 2012. Shifting baseline syndrome - Failure to notice change in the world today. African Diver 23: 15-21
Funston, M., Mann, J.B. & Mann, B.Q. 2011. Bastions of the bushveld. Environment - People and Conservation in Africa (8): 46-49.
Groeneveld, J.C. 2011. SWIOFP survey to shed light on spiny lobster puzzle. Current Affairs - News from the ASCLME Project and
SWIOFP: 1(2): 16-17.
Maggs, J.Q. 2011. National Marine Linefish System: 2010 spearfishing records from KZN. Ultimate Spearfishing Magazine 8: 26.
Mann, B.Q. 2011. Red steenbras – stock in dire straits. Ski-boat Magazine 7(2): 13.
Mann, B.Q. 2011. What is happening to our seventy-four? Environment - People and Conservation in Africa (6): 33.
Mann, B.Q. 2012. An incredible red steenbras recapture! Ski-boat Magazine 28(2): 31-32.
Mann, J.B. 2011. Cities in the sea. Environment - People and Conservation in Africa (7): 42-47.
Mann, J.B. 2011. Making crime pay. Environment - People and Conservation in Africa (7): 60.
Mann, J.B. 2011. Communicating with our guests – a two way street. Environment - People and Conservation in Africa (8):70.
Mann, B.Q. & Mann, J.B. 2012. Worth the wait! Environment - People and Conservation in Africa (10): 63.
Mann, J.B. & Mann, B.Q. 2012. Paradise in Raja Ampat. Submerge Magazine April/May 2012: 20-25.
Mann-Lang, J.B. 2011. Beyond climate change – The state of our oceans. Environment - People and Conservation in Africa (8):26-28.
Osore, M. & Everett, B.I. 2011. WIOFish continues to spread its fins widely in the WIO region. WIOMSA Newsbrief 16(2): 8-9.
Palmer, B.J., van der Elst, R.P. & Parak, O. (eds) 2011. Understanding our coast: A.synopsis of KZN's coastal zone. KwaZulu-Natal
Department of Agriculture, Environmental Affairs and Rural Development, Cedara, Pietermaritzburg, 32p.
Susta, F. & Harris, G. 2011. Mix method of positive reinforcement and natural horsemanship to condition a Przewalski Stallion at the
Prague Zoo. WellSpring, 12(1/2): 2-6.
7. OTHER PUBLICATIONS
SAAMBR Bulletin no. 36
15 x ORI data reports
2 x The Oricle newsletters
2 x Ulwandle newsletters
2 x Tagging News newsletters
8. CONFERENCES
59 x Oral presentations at local, regional and international conferences & symposia
14 x Poster presentations at local, regional and international conferences & symposia
Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
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(as at 30 June 2012)
SAAMBR COUNCIL MEMBERS
President
Chairman
Vice-Chairman
Chief Executive Officer
Treasurer
Secretary
Members of Council
B.D. Rebeck*
H.C. Rudham*
R. Turner*
M.R. Penning*
R. Turner*
J.P. Hathorn*
S.S. Abdool Karim+
I.D. Andrew
C. Arunajallam>
L.G. Baumann
A.C. Bawa
S.M. Buthelezi
W.L. Chiazzari
A.J.O. de Freitas
T.C. Dlamini*
H.E. Karodia<
S.J. Leigh
G.S. Lomas-Walker
V. McMenamin
S. Mukaratirwa+
R.E. Phillips*
K.J. Pretorius
J. T. Russell<>
J.M. Senogles
W.C. Vandeverre
* Member of Executive Committee
+ Nominated by University of KwaZulu-Natal
> Nominated by eThekweni Municipality
< Nominated by the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial MEC for Environmental Affairs
<> Nominated by Durban Marine Theme Park (Pty) Limited
STAFF
Chief Executive Officer
Personal Assistant
Executive Secretary
M.R. Penning BVSc (UP)
C.A. Morey (until July 2011)
T.A. Faber
FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION
Director
D.O. Browne
Financial Manager
R. Clark CIS, B.Compt (UNISA)
Administration Officer
D. Haigh
Senior Bookkeeper
M.V. Landers
Financial Administrator
A. Khan
Finance Clerk
P. Logan
Communications and
Logistics Manager
A. Kunz ND SEC (Natal)
Administrative Assistant - Reception J. Pillay
Administrative Assistant - PR Assistant J. Dlamini
Administrative Assistant
T. Nkabinde (until January 2012)
Administrative Assistant - Messenger S.S. Luthuli
IT Manager
P. Zammit BSc (UCT)
IT Technician
S. Hiralall
Data and Compliance Manager
A. Kruger MSc (Natal)
RESEARCH
Director
Research Associate
Deputy Director
Senior Scientist
Scientist
Assistant Scientist
Scientific Technician
26 |
L.K. Oellermann MSc PhD (Rhodes)
R.P. van der Elst MSc (Natal)
M.H. Schleyer MSc PhD (Natal)
S.T. Fennessy MSc PhD (Natal)
J. C. Groeneveld MSc (UPE); PhD (UCT)
B.Q. Mann MSc (Rhodes)
C.F. MacKay MSc (UniZul)
B.I. Everett MSc (UKZN)
C. Floros MSc PhD (UKZN)
B.J. Palmer MSc (Rhodes)
E. Steyn MSc (UStell)
S.W. Dunlop MSc (UKZN)
J.Q. Maggs MSc (UKZN)
J.N. Sheppard MSc (Rhodes)
D. Young BSc (UKZN) (until September
2011)
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
Librarian
Project Liaison Officer
Personal Assistant
Senior Scientific Technician
Technician
Field Officer
Technical Assistant
Studentship
EDUCATION
Director
Personal Assistant
Manager Informal Education
Manager Formal Education
Coordinator Education Support
Services
Outreach Coordinator
Educator
Senior Educator
Senior Guest Relations Guide
Guest Relations Guide 2
Guest Relations Guide 1
Apprentice Guest Relations Guides
Assistant Guest Relations Guide
Senior Bookings Coordinator
Bookings Coordinator
Education Guides
Volunteer Education Guides
D.A.I. Rouillard MSc (Murdoch Uni)(Aus)
G. Samuriwo Dip Lib & Info Sc (Zim)
A.S. Moor Dip P.R. (PRISA)
R. Naidoo
M.C. Khumalo ND Bibl; BTech (Natal)
M. Els
R. Govender
D. Mthethwa BA Envir (UKZN)
M. Tomalin
C. Wilkinson
D.P. Hayes
C.S. Mselegu
S.E. Mselegu
A.J. Foulis BSc (Hons) (Rhodes)
J. Hart (MSc) (UKZN)
L.M. Massé MSc (UKZN)
P. Montoya-Maya MSc (Rhodes)
S.C.G. Laing BEcon (Hons) (Rhodes)
M.G.H. Séré MSc (UKZN)
C. B. Untiedt BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
L. Hein BSc (Hons) (NWE)
J. Robey BSc (Hons) (Rhodes)
B. Lee BSc (Hons) (Rhodes)
S. Hayman BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
M. Reddy Bsc (Hons) (UKZN)
J.A. Porter BSc (Hons); HDE (UKZN)
K. Kortenbout
M. Moodley
H. Kilian BSc (Hons) PGCE (UNISA) MEd (UNISA)
M.P. Lephaila
N.P. Msomi (until April 2012)
N. Ncube (until April 2012)
D.M. Vilane
S. Saunders
H.S. Ngcobo
P. Soogrim
V.N. Ngidi (until April 2012)
L. Shezi
N. Mchunu
E. Gray
C.S. Mkhize
L. Jacks
N. Mtshali Dip Nature Conservation (MUT)
S. Ngubane
S. Chiliza
E.N. Chiliza
N. Mdlalose
N. Dlamini (until Dec 2011)
S. Gumbi (until Dec 2011)
N. Mazibuko
M. Mkhize (until Oct 2011)
B. Mtungwa (until Dec 2011)
N. Ngcemu (until Dec 2011)
T. Shandu
S. Sibisi
M. Dlamini
F. Makhoba(until Dec 2011)
S. Msibi (until Dec 2011)
T. Nkabinde (until July 2011)
B. Ntuli
S. Buthelezi
P. Hadebe
H. Maphumaulo
Z. Shandu
Z. Shelembe
N. Sithole
S. Balding
B. Beekes
N. Calenborne
SAAMBR Council and Staff
E. Cook
K. Cooper
Z. Dawood
P. Demmers
J. Dresner
K. Drummond
R. Earle
N. Felgen
S. Funston
M. Gibbs
A. Gibson
S. Gibson
D. Giraud
S. Govender
G. Grantham
S. Jacobs
A. Koch
D. MacGillivray
H. Maphumulo
M. McClure (until April 2012)
S. Meares
T. Mkhwanazi
M. Moodley
J. Moran
M Mthembu
H. Nellmapius
R. Nunn
C. Nuttall
E. Odendaal
L. Orchard
B. Payne
M. Phillips
A. Risi
J. Roberts
A. Sacco
N. Shandu
Z. Shandu
E. Stenhouse
M. Sturgess
V. Sutton
L. Thobela
A. van der Merwe
L. Wilson
K. Winstanley
uSHAKA SEA WORLD
Director
Personal Assistant
Assessor & Research Assistant
Mammal and Bird
Curator
Assistant Curator
Lead Behaviourist
Senior Behaviourist
Senior Operations Officer
Behaviourist 3
Behaviourist 2
Behaviourist 1
Assistant Animal Care
Apprentice Animal Care
J.B. Mann MSc (Rhodes); BTech (Natal)
H. Ashford
K. Kortenbout
G.A. Harris BA (Natal)
C. Bodenstaff
H.K. Tennant
S.J. Pillay
K.A. de Klerk
D.A. Kuhn
M. Hamilton
K.B. Cahill
C. Bristow
M. Mtetwa
A.Sleeman
U. Macklin
L.M. Mbhele BSc (UNISA)
V. Pillay
A.C. Bouwer (until February 2012)
S. Xulu
R.L.M. Bates
J. Ellerbeck
B. Limbada
S. Giannone
T.C.A. Abrahams
P. Baloi
L. Roberts (until November 2011)
C. Mdlalose
D Mbuthuma
Part-time
Department Assistant
Maintenance and cleaning
Aquarium
Curator
Assistant Curator
Administrative Assistant
Consultant
Senior Technician Aquarium
Assistant Technician Aquarium
Senior Aquarist
Senior Herpetologist
Herpetologist 3
Herpetologist 1
Aquarist 3
Aquarist 2
Aquarist 1
Quarantine Aquarist
Apprentice Aquarist / Night
Shift Relief
Kitchen Supervisor
Food Processor
Food Processor
Life Support Systems
Curator
Assistant Manager Process and
Operations
Assistant Manager Maintenance
& Engineering
Admin Assistant
Senior Technician
Technician
Assistant Technician
Shift Supervisor
Shift Operator
Operations
Curator
Assistant Curator
Dive Coordinator
Service Diver
U. Wahab
N. Singh
Z. Greyling
T. Nkabinde
S Fakroodeen
B.Turnbull
S.R. Ntshangase
M. Manqele
S.A. Chater BSc (UPE)
P.A. Lötter BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
L.T. Schlenk
J.A. Ballard BSc (Natal)
N. Koekemoer
S. Zikalala
C. Smith
K. Fivaz BSc (Hons) (UPE)
K.F. Boshoff
C.M. Glancey
J.D. Arnold
C.J. Schloms
L. Labuschagne
S. Hilliar
R.G. Kyle
S.Z. Ngobese
M. Pather BSc (UKZN)
K.W. Mlambo
J. Weyers BSc (Hons) (UPE)
B.J. Ntombela
L. Botha
J. Haxton
J. Ganess ND Tourism Management (Tech)
M. Needham BSc (UKZN)
C. Wyness
D. Loukes
M. Trenor
S. Bikka BSc (UKZN)
L. Khwela
L.M. Hlongwane
E.B. Khati
M Mndlovu
B.D. Fergusson BA (UNISA)
Q. van Staden MSc (UPE)
S. Govender
M. Mahoney
E. Peck
D.P. Waugh
K. Randal
K. Delport
A. MacDonald
S. Ngcobo
P. Govender Dip Project Design
M. Ngcobo
E. Victor
V. Nzusa
A. Msane
M.D. Magubane
A.Dindi
S. Mthethwa
R. Tshange
E. Khumalo
M.P. Malevu
V. Zungu
S.B. Mthethwa
G. Drysdale M.Tech (Natal)
W. Sumpton
M. Magubane
I.D. Dawood
W.J.B. Brown
J.S. de Villiers (until February 2012)
Bulletin 37: July 2011 to June 2012
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Night Shift Monitor
Veterinarian
Consulting Veterinarian
Laboratory Manager
Water Quality Coordinator
Water Quality Monitor
Water Quality Intern
28 |
J.S. de Villiers (until February 2012)
J.G. Holmes
T.N. Mthethwa
R. Jordaan
A. Netsianda
B. Hoskinson (until March 2012)
K. Swanson (until April 2012)
O. Tait (until April 2012)
B. Dankworth
J. Meyer
M. Mhlongo
A. Siyesu
G. Winfield
J. Spurgeon
V. Hlekwayo
M. Shadrack
C. Knox BVSc (Hons) MSc (UP)
C.M. Pieterse BVSc (UP)
J.P. Joubert BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
G. Ramsamy BSc (Hons) UNISA
K. Govender ND Biotechnology (DUT)
S. Sibisi ND Biotechnology (DUT)
M. Mthembu
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
1 King Shaka Avenue, Point, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
PO Box 10712, Marine Parade 4056, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Telephone: +27 31 328 8222 Fax: +27 31 328 8188 E-mail: info@saambr.org.za
www.saambr.org.za | www.ori.org.za | www.seaworld.org.za