S
A
A
M
B
R
B
u
l
l
e
t
i
n
3
5
:
J
u
l
y
2
0
0
9
– J
u
n
e
2
0
1
0
S
o
u
t
h
A
f
r
i
c
a
n
A
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
M
a
r
i
n
e
B
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
I N C O R P O R AT I N G
South African Association for Marine Biological Research (SAAMBR)
Incorporated Association Not For Gain: Registration Number 1951/000002/08
Public Benefit Organisation: Number 930025295
Non Profit Organisation: Number 000-347NPO
Physical Addess:
Postal Address:
Telephone:
Fax:
E-mail:
Websites:
1 King Shaka Avenue, Point, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
PO Box 10712, Marine Parade 4056, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
+27 31 328 8222
+27 31 328 8188
info@saambr.org.za
www.saambr.org.za | www.ori.org.za | www.seaworld.org.za
SAAMBR Bulletin 35: July 2009–June 2010
© South African Association for Marine Biological Research, 2010
ISSN 0259-0050
Edited by:
Judy Mann; Mark Penning; Denis Browne
Photo credits:
SAAMBR staff, Rare-Pix, Jon Robson, Desiré Pelser
Design & layout:
Desiré Pelser (Earth & Oceans Developments)
Printed on Triple Green using environmentally responsible printing practices.
Cover:
African penguin by Rare-Pix
B
u
l
l
e
t
i
n
3
5
:
J
u
l
y
2
0
0
9
– J
u
n
e
2
0
1
0
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
SAAMBR: Vision and Commitment
2
SAAMBR Strategic Review
3
Oceanographic Research Institute
5
uShaka Sea World
10
NPC Sea World Education Centre
15
Finance and Administration
19
Staff Publications
23
SAAMBR Council and Staff
27
S
o
u
t
h
A
f
r
i
c
a
n
A
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
M
a
r
i
n
e
B
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
N
o
w
o
v
e
r
5
0
y
e
a
r
s
o
l
d
,
S
A
A
M
B
R
r
e
m
a
i
n
s
t
r
u
e
t
o
i
t
s
c
o
r
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
f
m
a
r
i
n
e
c
o
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
s
e
r
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
o
f
K
w
a
Z
u
l
u
N
a
t
a
l
,
o
f
S
o
u
t
h
e
r
n
A
f
r
i
c
a
,
a
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
E
a
s
t
A
f
r
i
c
a
n
s
e
a
b
o
a
r
d
.
Envisioning wise use of marine resources
In 1947, the South African Wildlife Society organised a natural
history expedition to Maputaland in the north of KwaZuluNatal. This visionary group of businessmen, conservationists
and academics was impressed by the rich diversity of marine
life in the region and the traditional fisheries linked to it, and
agreed to establish a marine biological research station that
would provide information and advice about the wise use of
resources to the people of KwaZulu-Natal and their
government.
In 1951, the South African Association for Marine Biological
Research (SAAMBR) was founded as an Incorporated
Association Not for Gain and non-governmental organisation.
The complex housing the Durban Centenary Aquarium,
research laboratories and a fine library was officially opened
at the end of West Street on the Durban beachfront in 1959,
followed by the dolphinarium complex in 1976. It was from
these premises that Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI)
scientists generated world-class scientific publications, and
the Sea World team developed the aquarium and education
centre into what was consistently regarded as the premier
man-made tourist attraction in KwaZulu-Natal.
The influence of the Association on the Province is believed to
be substantial, with over 14 million visitors to the aquarium
over the years, the publication of over 1,000 scientific papers
2 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
and articles, and more than 100 post-graduate degrees
through SAAMBR’s affiliation to the University of KwaZuluNatal.
In 2004, a partnership with the City of Durban saw SAAMBR
relocate to uShaka Marine World, following an intensive
period of design, planning and construction of this large
marine theme park on the Durban beachfront. The project has
created a “must see” destination for tourists, rejuvenated the
beachfront area, and provided a venue for local and
international events and functions. Its success is confirmed by
a host of international awards and accolades.
Marine conservation remains our core objective
Now over 50 years old, SAAMBR remains true to its core
objective of marine conservation, serving the communities of
KwaZulu-Natal, of Southern Africa, and of the East African
seaboard.
! The Oceanographic Research Institute conducts applied
problem-solving research at local, national and
international levels in pursuit of the sustainable use of
marine resources and biodiversity conservation.
! uShaka Sea World inspires people to enjoy, appreciate
and protect our marine heritage.
! The NPC Sea World Education Centre helps to build
knowledge among children, teachers and resource users
from all sectors of the community.
We investigate... We inspire... We empower...
M
n
e
SAAMBR Strategic Review
S
A
A
M
B
R
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
R
e
v
i
e
w
SAAMBR has a very rich history over a period of more than
50 years, and has coped remarkably well with major
changes. But not only has SAAMBR changed substantially,
the world around us is barely recognisable from what it
was when the Association was founded.
With the move to new premises, the SAAMBR Council saw the
need to review our position in the research, aquarium and
education sectors – to recognise our strengths and build on
them, and to acknowledge our vulnerabilities and mitigate
against them. The strategic review was based on extensive
consultation with members of Council, personnel and a broad
range of external stakeholders around the world.
It was reaffirming to see that the core purpose of the
Association has not changed markedly after more than 50
years, and the process underscored the importance of
research in what we do.
SAAMBR’s purpose statement is:
To contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal
biodiversity and resources, by:
! generating and disseminating scientific information, and
! inspiring and empowering people.
same time a support base will be developed through a
variety of initiatives, including the creative use of digital
marketing techniques to access new opportunities for
support.
4. Position uShaka Sea World and ORI as centres of
excellence
SAAMBR strives to have uShaka Sea World and ORI
recognised as the trusted authority on marine
conservation in South Africa and the Western Indian
Ocean. This is achieved by actively working with media
companies, making public statements on relevant issues,
and providing understandable explanations of complex
matters.
5. Effect meaningful social change for the benefit
of the environment and society
The Association strives to empower the general public to
make the lifestyle changes that will ultimately benefit
both the environment and society. We must influence
legislation through our research programmes, and
influence the National Education Curriculum through
liaison with the KwaZulu-Natal Education Department. We
also strive to translate the products of our research into
everyday language in order to reach a wider audience.
After thoroughly interrogating this statement, the senior
management team identified the following strategic focus
areas:
1. Affirm the Association’s identity
SAAMBR’s key strength is the “troika” of research, exhibit
and education, and it is crucially important to optimally
integrate the operating divisions and strengthen the
sense of unity and purpose. All signage and media
coverage is now planned to reflect the two brands
through which we market our activities, namely uShaka
Sea World and ORI. SAAMBR is the registered legal entity
which employs all the personnel, and a review and
rationalisation of our corporate identity has been
undertaken.
2. Link to the uShaka icon
The brand awareness of uShaka is very high, and SAAMBR
is seen to be an integral part thereof. SAAMBR’s aim has
been to give the uShaka brand a sense of soul, and to help
develop uShaka into an iconic destination focused on fun,
entertainment and conservation, thus creating a
conservation role model.
3. Develop a support base
SAAMBR has a membership, and this will be rationalised
to include specialists from a wide range of sectors. At the
B
y
i
n
s
p
i
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
m
p
o
w
e
r
i
n
g
p
e
o
p
l
e
,
w
e
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
a
r
i
n
e
a
n
d
c
o
a
s
t
a
l
b
i
o
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 3
6. Focus on strategic partnerships
The Association needs to develop new partnerships and
build on existing partnerships to maximise the benefit to
the Association. A new Memorandum of Understanding
has been concluded with the University of KwaZulu-Natal,
and efforts made to develop the relationship between the
two entities.
We will need to use the Association’s public benefit
activities to secure funding through Socio-economic
Development (CSI) points under the B-BBEE Codes of
Good Practice.
8. Benchmark the organisation
The importance of benchmarking the Association is
recognised. uShaka Sea World has successfully completed
the only accreditation programme in the zoo and
aquarium industry in Africa, and will be re-inspected
during 2011.
Senior ORI personnel have made a concerted effort to
energise relationships with other research institutions and
develop collaborative activities. Presentations on SAAMBR
and our role at uShaka are done for a wide range of
interest groups including political parties, with a view to
explaining the enormous benefit of uShaka to the City of
Durban and to strengthen the relationships.
7. Financial stability
SAAMBR is currently in the fortunate position of having
the eThekwini Municipality as a benefactor. However,
efforts to secure funding from other sources must
continue. It is clear that funding for research projects
within KwaZulu-Natal is becoming scarce, and it is
expected that international programmes will be
increasingly relied upon to generate the funding required
for local projects.
The Scientific Advisory Committee and an Education
Advisory Committee will be established in the near
future.
9. Assess our influence
At SAAMBR we generate scientific information, we foster
in our visitors an appreciation of the sea, and we educate
people on matters relating to marine conservation. But
educating people is no longer enough. We have to
empower people to make lifestyle changes that will
positively impact on the environment.
We need to conduct a critical assessment of the influence
that we have on the behaviour of our visitors, on the
management agencies that receive our research products,
and on the learners who attend courses and lessons. A
wide range of initiatives to assess our impact are planned.
10.Develop human capacity
There is a glaring lack of capacity in marine science in
South Africa. SAAMBR needs to act decisively, in
collaboration with other role players in the aquarium,
research and education sectors, to address this issue.
A comprehensive review of SAAMBR’s operating divisions
has taken place. Structures have been changed in order to
better fit the strategic objectives of the Association. A new
Staff Training Plan and Leadership Development Plan,
with transformation goals, is being implemented.
11.Practical conservation
SAAMBR plays a valuable role in practical conservation
projects such as developing law enforcement capacity
within Marine Protected Areas, breeding of endangered
African penguins, the rehabilitation of turtles, seals and
other aquatic animals, and policies to guide sustainable
use of marine resources.
S
A
A
M
B
R
s
t
a
f
f
e
n
g
a
g
e
i
n
a
w
i
d
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
o
b
u
i
l
dThe management team believes that giving attention to these
focus areas will build on the strengths of the Association, as
h
u
m
a
n
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
. well as address the opportunities for growth that have
emerged from the review process.
4 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI)
O
c
e
a
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
O
R
I
,
S
A
A
M
B
R
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
t
s
c
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
c
o
a
s
t
a
l
a
n
d
m
a
r
i
n
e
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
o
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
a
l
o
n
g
t
h
e
E
a
s
t
A
f
r
i
c
a
n
c
o
a
s
t
.
ORI at a glance
Number of projects
35
Number of scientists
12
Number of support staff
14
869
Man days spent in the field
Specialist reports
85
Students registered through ORI
15
Strategic meetings attended by staff
Value of ORI library
Despite the Oceanographic Research Institute’s growing
regional influence, more than 75% of research effort
between July 2009 and June 2010 was devoted to KwaZuluNatal. This involved research cruises, underwater surveys,
and biodiversity and fisheries assessments. Specialist
research equipment was maintained and in some cases
purpose-designed and manufactured.
226
R19-milion
The ORI library and its resources is considered one of the finest
marine science libraries, and its total value is calculated to be
approximately R19-million. The main external supporters of
research were the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Government,
National Research Foundation and the National Department of
Marine and Coastal Management (MCM). Support from
international agencies such as the World Bank, European Union
and United Nations Environment Programme was also secured
during the period.
The year was marked by a much greater awareness of climate
change, prompted in part by the Copenhagen Conference on
Climate Change, to which ORI was invited by UNESCO.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 5
B
i
o
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
C
o
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
The coastal zone
A prominent event was the implementation of the Integrated
Coastal Zone Management Act (ICZMA). Although this Act
took more than a decade to evolve from policy White Paper to
legal instrument, its far-reaching and visionary content
presents an exciting opportunity for integrated and
sustainable coastal development. ORI provided considerable
support in a range of issues relating to implementation of the
Act in KwaZulu-Natal.
ORI further supported the Provincial Department in a number
of ways, including production of newsletters, reviews of
scientific literature, development of a “best practice guide”
highlighting coastal issues to the public and support at
numerous coastal management committees and forums.
being given to the censusing of reef fish populations as
potential indicators of reef health. Early results suggest that
even modest recreational activities on the reefs reduce the
number of predators, which in turn may be affecting the
balance of the ecosystem.
Our coral reef team initiated several new studies, including
fine-scale investigations on coral genetics and recruitment to
resolve the vexing problem of reef re-seeding, connectivity
and the vulnerable processes that influence reef building:
accretion versus bio-erosion. Some of these projects are
innovative and the results could provide new advances in
coral reef science.
Reef ecology
The results of these studies will also assist management
agencies with reef management at a time when the potential
consequences of climate change are more evident.
The reef ecology studies were mostly focused on the coral
reefs in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, with special attention
Regional collaboration
ORI continued to play a major role in the South West Indian
Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP) as the operational office for
activities in South Africa. Highlights included the completion
of gap analyses in various components as well as cruise
coordination and participation in surveys off Mozambique,
Madagascar and Comoros using the RV Dr Fridtjof Nansen.
Following past funding from the World Bank, the Western
Indian Ocean Fisheries (WIOFish) database is now supported
by SWIOFP. The system was further updated with fisheries
information from the five participating countries, with plans
well underway to include more of the island states. This
remains the only information system documenting all the WIO
fisheries in one accessible database.
ORI was able to make a significant contribution to
conservation and collective wise management of the WIO
through the support given to finalise UNEP’s WIOLab project.
ORI was invited to serve as technical and theme editors of
these strategic documents, which provide the basis for
transboundary collaboration in the WIO.
ORI scientists were also invited by the World Bank to provide
technical assistance in development projects in several
African countries, including Kenya, Tanzania and
Mozambique.
O
R
I
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
s
t
s
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
d
a
t
a
f
r
o
m
f
i
s
h
e
r
s
a
l
o
n
g
t
h
e
e
n
t
i
r
e
K
w
a
Z
u
l
u
N
a
t
a
l
c
o
a
s
t
.
6 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
In addition, our staff were involved in pre-assessments aimed
at evaluating the lobster fishery in Kenya and coastal octopus
fishery in Tanzania. This work formed part of certification
being sought under the international Marine Stewardship
Council’s (MSC) certification for sustainable fishing.
n
Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI)
M
a
r
i
n
e
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
U
s
e
ORI plays a critical role in the collection and analysis of
information on the many fisheries of KwaZulu-Natal.
The National Marine Linefish System (NMLS), in partnership
with Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife (EKZNW), analysed the catches of
175,000 fishers, recorded during some 40,000km of coastal
patrols.
The intensity of coastal angling has remained relatively
constant over the past few years, although the catch rates by
coastal fishers in 2009 dropped by 24% from the previous year
to around 48 fish per 100 fisher outings. Boat inspections
conducted by EKZNW staff increased to 13,202, during which
67,000 fish were recorded from 142 species. Now in its 26th
year, this monitoring partnership with EKZNW provides
unique insight into long term trends and this year provided
statistical data for at least nine other studies.
In addition to the EKZNW inspection data, skiboat launch site
operators are obliged to submit fishing statistics as part of
their Provincial site authorisation. In 2009 this involved the
analysis of daily registers at 44 launch sites, generating 52,000
launches of which 63% were dedicated to fishing activities –
the balance to various other marine recreational activities
such as diving. These records were a significant improvement
over the previous year, and provide exceptionally valuable
scientific and management data.
Considerable effort was put into wider Monitoring, Control
and Surveillance (MCS). Random stratified roving creel
surveys and access point surveys of fishers were initiated to
obtain validation of catch and effort information and also
fishers’ attitudes to management, and economic data on their
fishing activities. In collaboration with MCM, ORI undertook
observer inspections at sea on prawn trawlers and at selected
linefish landing sites north and south of Durban. These are
labour intensive operations, but are very worthwhile
considering the valuable data generated.
The contribution made by fishers to the nationwide tagging
project remains impressive, with 2009 recorded as one of the
best. A total of 159 new taggers joined the programme,
swelling membership to 4,820. The year saw 10,687 fish
tagged and released, increasing the grand total to 0.25 million
fish tagged. With 26 years of data, this is a unique and
exceptionally valuable project.
A study was conducted to establish the local movement of
Spiny rock lobsters through a tagging study. An associated
study found that lobster stocks in KwaZulu-Natal are less
intensely exploited than elsewhere.
The analysis of invertebrate catches made by KwaZulu-Natal
based permit holders again received much attention. A suite
of species are implicated and used both for personal
consumption and bait. More than 100,000 permits are issued
annually for fishing activities in KwaZulu-Natal, inclusive of
angling.
The number of licensees assessed via mail and telephone
surveys in 2009 was considerably reduced due to changes in
the licensing systems. Results indicated a lower usage of
permits overall, down from 50% in 2005 to 39.2% in 2009.
The total mussel catch (for 2008) was estimated at 33 tonnes,
57% higher than in 2007 (21 tonnes). The 2008 East Coast
Rock lobster total was estimated to be 47 tonnes, similar to
that of previous years.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 7
M
a
r
i
n
e
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d
A
r
e
a
s
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered to be one
of the most effective means of protecting marine life –
both on and offshore.
Just as a protected area on land can help to conserve the
biodiversity of the area and serve as a valuable baseline from
which to assess habitat and species changes, so too can a
protected area in the ocean help to conserve marine
biodiversity.
Traditional methods for management of fish species caught
by hook and line from the shore and from boats (linefish),
such as closed seasons, minimum size limits and bag limits,
have proved to be inadequate for certain species and are
difficult to enforce effectively. Marine protected areas are,
therefore, increasingly being used as an additional
management option to ensure sustainable use of many
linefish species, particularly slow growing, resident species.
In addition to overall biodiversity protection, no-take MPAs,
where no fishing is allowed, allow resident fish populations to
recover to natural levels and repopulate adjacent exploited
areas, either through emigration of adult fish or by dispersal
of eggs and larvae.
ORI currently runs two projects, one in the St Lucia Marine
Reserve in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the other in the
8 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
Pondoland MPA south of Port Edward, to evaluate the
effectiveness of these two MPAs in the protection of certain
linefish species. Results have shown that, in the shore-based
St Lucia Marine Reserve, there has been a significant recovery
in the previously exploited area both in terms of fish
abundance and in terms of the mean size of some fish species.
The boat-based project in the Pondoland MPA has shown that
the abundance of fish inside the no-take sanctuary is nearly
double that of the adjacent exploited area. The size of many of
the more commercially important linefish species is also
significantly greater within the sanctuary area.
No-take MPAs protect important linefish species
The results from both these projects have shown conclusive
evidence of the value of no-take MPAs in protecting
important linefish species. This aspect has been witnessed by
a large number of voluntary anglers who have been invited
along on field trips as guest anglers. Hopefully this will
strengthen local support and respect for the no-take MPAs.
With increasing pressure from local communities and
politicians to open protected areas to fishing, this research is
critical to provide evidence of the value of these protected
areas. The research will, therefore, help to contribute to the
continued existence of these valuable areas, for the benefit of
future generations.
Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI)
E
s
t
u
a
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
S
o
f
t
S
e
d
i
m
e
n
t
s
Estuarine ecosystems are not isolated systems; they form
an interface between marine and freshwater systems and
are linked to offshore systems either directly via water
flows or indirectly through the exchange of animals and
plants. Such systems are then connected at regional and
global level.
ORI’s focus on the ecology of soft sediments lead to the team
looking beyond the coast – with estuaries serving as
“transitional environments” into the marine realm.
resilience to the wide ranging environmental changes
associated with drought are maintained. This finding may
have important bearing for climate change-related impacts
on estuaries.
The Nhlabane system, which has been subjected to damming
and massive water abstraction by heavy mineral mining
operations, was studied to provide data on its present
ecological state. Recommendations were provided on future
restrictions of water abstraction to limit damage to shoreline
vegetation and estuarine health.
Understanding the ecology of such systems and tracking
specific indicators over time provides unique environmental
monitoring tools, not only for climate related impacts but also
for estuarine health, impacts of trawling and other human
activities.
This refocus presented new challenges for ORI; gearing up for
offshore ship-based work and the design, manufacture and
testing of specialist marine substrate sampling equipment.
The first surveys, conducted on the Thukela mud banks,
investigated the role of land-based nutrient inputs of the
Thukela Estuary on this important offshore ecosystem.
Subsequent surveys off the North West coast of Madagascar,
aboard the Norwegian research vessel, the RV Dr Fridtjof
Nansen, provided opportunities for regional interpretation
and collaboration with other research agencies. It is envisaged
that this work will assume greater regional importance and
that ORI will eventually become an “expert node” in support of
better use and protection of the all-important WIO shelf
environments.
KwaZulu-Natal estuaries
The diversity of KwaZulu-Natal’s many estuaries provides a
unique opportunity to study and assess trends in tropical
communities of substrate dwelling invertebrates. In all, 32
estuaries were investigated.
Long-term shifts in community structure are being
investigated using historic data, while natural versus artificial
influences on estuaries are also being clarified.
A study of re-colonisation of benthic animals and plants in
urban and peri-urban estuaries after episodic flood
disturbance indicated significantly slower levels of recovery in
disturbed urban systems.
The persistent drought seriously affecting the St Lucia
estuarine system continued to impact its biota, but a study
concluded that despite severe conditions, some levels of
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
s
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
o
f
f
s
h
o
r
e
s
h
i
p
b
a
s
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 9
u
S
h
a
k
a
S
e
a
W
o
r
l
d
T
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
,
c
o
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
h
a
r
d
w
o
r
k
o
f
u
S
h
a
k
a
S
e
a
W
o
r
l
d
s
t
a
f
f
i
s
m
a
d
e
m
a
n
i
f
e
s
t
i
n
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
h
i
b
i
t
s
a
n
d
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
d
i
b
l
y
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
g
u
e
s
t
s
.
Sea World at a glance
Visitors to uShaka Sea World (total)
Visitors to Dangerous Creatures
Total fish collection
701,938
31,882
9,300
Dolphin presentations
946
Seal pantomimes
555
Dive team hours
5,895
Collection trips
226
Number of staff
107
Staff training sessions
200
uShaka Sea World is pleased to report on another
productive year. The strong focus on staff training
continues to yield positive returns as evidenced by the
overall health of the animals, number of new exhibits
opened, construction projects successfully completed,
and the quality of daily presentations, all undertaken
with limited stress and fuss.
The dedication of staff continues to be the cornerstone of
uShaka Sea World operations. The experience, commitment
and hard work of the team is made manifest in the quality of
the exhibits and presentations, and the incredibly positive
response from guests. The team worked hard to prepare for
the Soccer World Cup in June 2010. Although guest
attendance was not as high as anticipated, uShaka Sea World
looked really good and the international guests were
impressed by the quality of the exhibits and the innovative
theming.
The final attendance figure for uShaka Sea World is 701,938,
compared to 625,877 during the previous period, and the
highest since 2004-2005.
10 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
uShaka Sea World
E
n
d
a
n
g
e
r
e
d
A
f
r
i
c
a
n
P
e
n
g
u
i
n
s
According to the 2010 IUCN Red Data List, three of South
Africa’s iconic birds are heading for extinction: the
Ludwig’s bustard, the Southern Ground hornbill, and the
African penguin.
colony has grown from strength to strength. The uShaka Sea
World penguins live in a specially designed rookery, which has
been constructed with the health and well being of the birds
of paramount importance.
African penguin numbers in the wild have declined by up to
90% over the past 100 years. The latest research indicates that
there are less than 25,000 breeding pairs of penguins left in
the wild. These facts led to the species being declared as
Endangered in 2010.
The efforts that have been put into caring for the colony have
been rewarded with a successful breeding programme. Since
the start of the programme, hundreds of penguins have
hatched successfully.
Reasons for the decline
Initially, the declines were caused by the collection of guano
which left the nest sites on the breeding islands exposed to
the elements. The layers and layers of guano had, until the
last century, provided refuge for the birds when nesting. The
collection of eggs also caused numbers to decline rapidly.
Now, despite the fact that these two practices have stopped,
penguin numbers continue to decline.
The reason for the ongoing decline is now primarily a
shortage of food. Commercial fishermen harvest the same
species of fish that the penguins use for food and
environmental variables, which may be linked to climate
change, are causing the movement of the fish stocks away
from the areas surrounding the nesting colonies, forcing the
birds to swim ever further to find their food.
Sea World has housed African penguins since 1980, when the
first stranded birds were given to Sea World. Since then the
The programme is now so successful that the birds are able to
supplement the gene pools of other ex situ breeding colonies.
A number of interesting lessons have been learnt along the
way. These include studies on the use of foster parents for
orphaned chicks or eggs, and experiments with nesting
materials, temperature controls, and nest box structures.
Collaborating to ensure wild populations survive
uShaka Sea World is collaborating nationally with other
facilities that hold this species. This collaboration is aimed at
building an assurance population of ex situ African penguins.
This ex situ population may be able to help boost numbers in
the wild, if the need arises.
The primary focus is obviously on maintaining the wild
populations of African penguin and we look forward to
collaborating with both ex situ and in situ professionals with
the aim of ensuring that the African penguin remains part of
South Africa’s remarkable marine biodiversty.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 11
N
e
w
T
r
e
a
s
u
r
e
C
h
e
s
t
E
x
h
i
b
i
t
“We want to touch the animals” is a plea often heard in
the aquarium – from both children and adults. Recent
research has shown that an opportunity to interact
personally with an animal in a zoo or an aquarium
environment has the potential to greatly enhance the
educational impact of the visit.
The new exhibit features two innovative touch exhibits
imaginatively themed in old life rafts. These wet and dry touch
pools are operated by Guest Relations Guides who are able to
interpret the animals to guests, and guide their touching of
the animals.
Care of the live animals is critical
uShaka Sea World is committed to conservation through
inspiring guests, and we decided to open a new, indoor
interactive exhibit to complement the outdoor Ray Touch
Pool.
Opened in June 2010 and housed in the temporary exhibit
hall, the Treasure Chest gives guests an opportunity to touch
and interact with a range of cold water invertebrates – the
“soft and slimy” animals.
The selection of the live animals and their care are critical to
the success of a touch exhibit. Our aquarium team has, over
the years, realised that the invertebrates found along the
KwaZulu-Natal coast are unsuitable as touch animals due to
their sensitivity. It was, therefore, decided to use hardier cold
water invertebrates. Colourful anemones, bright sea
cucumbers and active hermit crabs now fill the shallow wet
touch pool.
The life support system for the exhibit has been designed to
keep the animals in optimal health, at a chilly 17 oC. The
exhibit is divided into two so that the animals have ample
time “off duty” to ensure optimal health.
“Touching” moments: an opportunity to open minds
Since opening, the response from guests has been very
positive. Seeing large rugby players ever so gently touching
an anemone and laughing in delight as they experience the
closing of the tentacles, and watching children encouraging
their timid parents to “touch gently, it will not hurt you”, are
some of the special moments in the exhibit.
Each “touching” moment is an opportunity to open someone’s
heart and mind to our wonderful marine animals.
Dry touch “life boats” enthral guests
The dry touch “life boat” gives guests a rare opportunity to
feel the weight of a single sperm whale tooth, the sharpness
of a shark tooth and the rough texture of a sea star.
Along with the life boat touch pools are three microscopes,
through which guests are able to view shark skin covered in
dermal denticles, coral skeletons, and live plankton.
A large screen shows short, educational DVDs specially made
for the Treasure Chest exhibit. A touch and feel activity box
and numerous large dried specimens, with interpretative
signage, complete the exhibit.
S
i
n
c
e
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
T
r
e
a
s
u
r
e
C
h
e
s
t
e
x
h
i
b
i
t
,
The exhibit is an important feature of the aquarium and has
proved to be very popular with guests of all ages. The exhibit
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
g
u
e
s
t
s
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
v
e
r
y
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
. provides guests with a chance to slow down and helps to
diversify their aquarium experience.
a
n
i
m
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
12 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
uShaka Sea World
D
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s
C
r
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
Imagine coming face to face with a Black Mamba, one of
the most dangerous snake in the world, when suddenly
the box next to you starts to jump and rattle! This is just
one of the surprises that await the unwary visitor to this
new addition to the Sea World range of exhibits.
Filled with squeals of delight and fear, the Dangerous
Creatures exhibit hall has fascinated guests with amazing
animals displayed in an “Indiana Jones-type” exhibit since
2006. By 2009, it became clear that this exhibit was too good
to simply pack away; it needed a larger and more permanent
home. So, after much planning and hard work, the new and
larger Dangerous Creatures exhibit hall in uShaka Village Walk
opened to the public in early December. The new exhibit hall
covers over 300 square meters, more than twice the floor area
of the original exhibit.
The exterior has been themed to resemble a warehouse in a
Zanzibari fishing village with enticing peaks into the interior.
Visitors enter the “warehouse” and find themselves in a jumble
of crates and boxes, discovering a host of beautiful, interesting
and often dangerous animals. Following the winding path and
ducking under ropes and crates creates a sense of excitement
in the young explorer, and a series of special effects ensures
that visitors are “startled” at various points. This creates a sense
of expectation, and the interaction with the effects and with
each other creates considerable mirth.
A wide range of animals on display
The exhibit houses a range of potentially dangerous animals
including 96 reptiles of 41 different species, 48 arthropods
(spiders and scorpions) of 13 species, and 39 amphibians
(frogs).
One of our most popular animals is Elvis, a 3.7m King Cobra.
King Cobras are the largest venomous snakes in the world.
Also on exhibit is the most venomous snake in the world, the
Papuan Taipans. Local creatures include the beautifully
patterned Gaboon Adders, the vibrant Green Mambas, and
the large Giant Bullfrogs. As with the Gaboon Adders, their
habitat is threatened by encroaching development and their
numbers are in decline.
The jewel-like Poison Dart frogs, plastic-looking Whyte’s Tree
frogs, and cartoon-like Argentinean Horned frogs are all at
home in their realistic little exhibits. As many of the world’s
frog species face extinction, the efforts of our team to breed
these wonderful indicators of ecosystem health are
increasingly important.
The innovative and fun approach to theming has made this
exhibit a real hit with guests, who love the element of
surprise. Since opening, over 31,000 guests have enjoyed the
exhibit and left the hall fascinated rather than fearful of the
incredible creatures presented.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 13
T
h
e
L
i
f
e
B
l
o
o
d
o
f
u
S
h
a
k
a
S
e
a
W
o
r
l
d
Have you ever walked around an aquarium and wondered
just how they manage to keep the water so clean?
Life Support System at a glance
Volume of water
22 million litres
500,000 l/hr
Incoming water volume
Pumps
470
Piping
22 kilometres
Sand filters
60
Protein skimmers
35
Ozone generators
19
If you have tried to keep a home aquarium, or even a fish
bowl, you will know that it is quite difficult to keep the water
looking good, the tank clean, and the fish healthy.
So, how do we do it at uShaka Sea World?
Clean water is essential
Just as clean air is essential to us on land, clean water is
essential for the health of our animals. uShaka Sea World
meets this challenge with a state-of-the-art water intake and
filtration system, capable of purifying and pumping the more
than 22 million litres of water circulating through the facility.
What is it that keeps the water so clean? Water enters the
facility through a system of slotted pipes that are sunk into
the sand off a specially built pier located directly in front of
the facility. This “well point” system, as it is known, ensures
that the water is naturally pre filtered before it even enters the
system.
Over 22 kilometres of pipeline, 470 pumps, 35 protein
skimmers, 18 heat exchangers, 18 large sumps, 60 sand filters
and 19 ozone generators in 9 pump (plant) rooms make up
the life support systems! This equipment makes up the heart
of uShaka Sea World, moving water essential for the life of the
animals around the whole complex.
Simulating nature’s “skimming” process
uShaka Sea World’s protein skimmers simulate a process
found in nature. In the oceans, air bubbles formed by crashing
waves help to move organic waste out of the water onto the
surface. This washes up as foam on the beach. At uShaka Sea
World, the protein skimmers create those air bubbles and
clean the water in the same way.
Ozone is added to the water to break down the organic
matter in the water. It is also a great disinfectant as it oxidizes
bacteria, viruses and other pathogens.
“Catching” dirt and debris
The 60 sand filters are similar to the ones found in home
swimming pools, just much larger. As the water is pumped
through the sand, dirt and debris are caught, and clean water
is able to flow back into the exhibits.
J
u
s
t
a
s
c
l
e
a
n
a
i
r
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
t
o
u
s
o
n
l
a
n
d
,
c
l
e
a
n
w
a
t
e
r
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
e
a
l
t
hOnce the water has been through the uShaka Sea World
filtration system it is pumped out into a canal system and
o
f
u
S
h
a
k
a
S
e
a
W
o
r
l
d
’s
a
n
i
m
a
l
s
. back to the ocean – normally cleaner than when it entered
our facility.
14 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
NPC Sea World Education Centre
N
P
C
S
e
a
W
o
r
l
d
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
e
n
t
r
e
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
y
e
a
r
u
n
d
e
r
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
w
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
d
o
v
e
r
1
0
0
,
0
0
0
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
i
n
m
a
t
t
e
r
s
r
e
l
a
t
i
n
g
t
o
m
a
r
i
n
e
c
o
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
t
e
w
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
f
o
o
d
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
.
Education Centre at a glance
Learners to uShaka Sea World
95,081
Learners attending lessons
13,969
Learners attending courses
2,672
Sponsored learner visits
3,605
Schools visited on Outreach Programme
Learners attending Outreach lessons
81
10,421
Teachers attending teacher workshops
920
Adults attending special workshops
342
Number of staff
Hours donated by volunteer guides
34
6,022
In fulfilling SAAMBR’s environmental education mandate,
the NPC Sea World Education Centre yet again provided
thousands of children and adults with a unique
opportunity to learn more about our oceans, and
sustainable living.
The SAAMBR strategic review provided the Centre with an
opportunity to assess the structure of the Division to improve
opporational efficiency and effectiveness. The changes were
carefully planned and ongoing implementation will enure
that the NPC Sea World Education Centre is well placed to
meet the challenges of the future.
Ongoing evaluation and innovative programme development
will ensure that the work done by the Centre remains
innovative and relevant.
Once again, our sincere thanks go to NPC-CIMPOR and Mr.
Pieter Strauss for their tremendous support of this valuable
education resource.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 15
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
A total of 95,081 learners visited uShaka Sea World during
the year under review compared to 97,444 learners in the
past financial year. Courses were run for 2,672 learners,
lessons for 13,969 learners, and detailed guidings for
1,734 learners.
The slight decline in annual footfall can be attributed to the
World Cup Holiday period from early June 2010 and the
associated short second school term.
140,000
120,000
128,598
100,000
97,444
80,000
99,711
88,089
95,081
60,000
81,369
40,000
Exposing learners to careers in the sciences
One of the government’s national imperatives is to encourage
more learners to enter the science field. It has been noted that
in all fields of science, student numbers are dwindling, as
students select careers in more lucrative fields, or view science
as “too hard”.
In an effort to encourage these individuals to careers in the
sciences, the National Science Week programme aims to
encourage youth to choose science subjects at school.
uShaka Sea World participated in the programme through a
structured series of events aimed at exposing learners to
marine careers by interacting with SAAMBR’s young and
passionate research students, aquarists, marine mammal
trainers and marine educators.
This year, participating schools came from disadvantaged
communities in the peri-urban areas of eThekwini. Although
many had little knowledge of the sea, following a short
introduction learners made good use of the opportunity to
ask questions of the different professionals that they met.
Each learner left with a much better understanding of some
previously unheard of career choices.
Many of the learners expressed gratitude for the opportunity
to be exposed to the staff and the career information. A
wonderful coincidental benefit was that a number of learners
were intellectually and emotionally stimulated regarding
marine conservation issues.
16 |
20,000
2004/5
2005/6
2006/7
2007/8
2008/9
2008/9
Learner visitors to NPC Sea World Education Centre
Education sponsored 360 learners from six schools to visit
uShaka Sea World for a Marine Careers lesson.
In addition to the week’s activities with the schools, there was
a good response to the learners and parents’ careers
presentation at uShaka Sea World.
Through all of these programmes, learners are being exposed
to careers in the marine field, an essential first step if SAAMBR
is to continue to be able to attract and employ staff in the
future.
Although schools remain the focus of the work of the
Education Department, a range of courses for adult groups
were undertaken. These courses included “Introduction to
Marine Biology” for divers, “Fisheries Management” for
university students, courses for Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
Fisheries monitors and subsistence harvesting committees, a
fish identification course for the Richards Bay Border Police,
and SASSI restaurant training for restaurants.
These courses all help to facilitate a better understanding of
marine conservation in a focused manner with specific users.
Valuable contribution from volunteer guides
The fact that most of the uShaka Sea World staff working with
the learners spoke in isiZulu definitely improved the impact
of the day. Our staff proved to be valuable role models who
gave the learners a chance to see that careers in the marine
environment are possible, regardless of background.
The Education Volunteer Guides once again played an
invaluable role during the year under review, contributing
6,022 hours of work on guiding, lessons and courses, and
other activities in the aquarium.
Presentations on marine careers were done at five schools for
709 learners and 10 educators and the full-day Work
Experience Programme was attended by 297 learners and 18
educators from 15 schools. The KwaZulu-Natal Department of
The opportunities for interaction between the Guides and
guests certainly enhances the visitor experience and are
critical as we inspire learners and guests to care for the
oceans.
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
NPC Sea World Education Centre
O
u
t
r
e
a
c
h
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
The Outreach Programme remains one of the most
important responsibilities of the Association, and the year
under review was filled with innovative events, excited
learners and enlightened educators.
Thanks to the ongoing generous sponsorship of NPC, the
Outreach Programme was able to grow during the year under
review and expand both its reach and impact.
During an Outreach visit, staff take live animals, dried
specimens and other educational aids out to schools in rural,
farm, township and informal areas. The schools in these
disadvantaged and often remote areas are unable to afford
the trip to Durban to visit uShaka Sea World, and hence we
take a tiny taste of the sea to the learners. Curriculum-based
lessons for 10,421 Grade 7 learners were undertaken at 81
schools during the review period.
In addition to the lessons, educator workshops were also
undertaken in order to reinforce the educational impact of
the lessons. A total of 920 educators attended 38 educators’
workshops.
Special events highlight environmental issues
In order to highlight special environmental issues and
increase the effectiveness of the education programme, the
Outreach team decided to focus many activities around key
national Environmental Days. During Arbor Week the team
planted indigenous trees donated by SAAMBR staff and
voluntary guides in four schools. National Wetlands Week saw
the Outreach team doing lessons at four schools in the
uMkomazi, uMgababa and Ntshongweni areas. These schools
are situated close to wetlands and the lessons focused on
how catchments impact on the marine environment. During
World Meteorological Day our team, in collaboration with the
South African Weather Service, organised educators’
workshops with syllabus-based activities that highlight the
role of the ocean in regulating the climate.
During National Water Week we worked with three schools in
the Dududu region. These schools are located next to rivers,
which most of the learners have to cross on their way to and
from school. Trees were planted and enthusiastic volunteers
were selected at each school as “Green Teams” to care for the
trees and promote water wise activities during the year.
National Environment Week provided us with an opportunity
to celebrate the International Year of Biodiversity with a school
yard biodiversity audit.
We again ran our annual Marine Day competition for schools
that participate in the Outreach Programme. After a visit from
the Outreach team, learners are encouraged to write original
plays or poetry on the marine environment. A total of 65
learners from 10 schools were selected to present their poems
or plays at at special function at uShaka Sea World.
During the year under review a total of 3,605 learners were
sponsored by NPC to visit uShaka Sea World. The amazement
on the faces of the children when they first walk into the
aquarium is remarkable as a whole new world is revealed to
them. For these children, many of whom had never been to
Durban or seen the sea, this was a trip of a life time.
From Bergville to Port Shepstone, the innovative and
dedicated Outreach team is ensuring learners from rural
KwaZulu-Natal are introduced to the wonders of our oceans.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 17
P
u
b
l
i
c
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
Around the world, aquariums are in a unique position to
positively impact the environmental attitudes and
behaviours of millions people each year, in an
entertaining and enjoyable environment.
The live animals of uShaka Sea World are ambassadors for the
oceans – inspiring people to care. Research has shown that it
is important to connect guests in a personal way to the
oceans. Through our “Web of Life” theme, we aim to help
guests understand that everything in nature is connected and
that we are connected to our environment, regardless of
where we live.
Once guests have been exposed to our conservation
messages it is important for us to empower them to take
positive action to help conserve our oceans.
Using the simple “Reduce, Reuse and Recycle” message and
Southern African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (SASSI),
uShaka Sea World is giving guests something that they can do
to make a difference.
The awareness campaign for SASSI has been ongoing at
uShaka Sea World since 2006, with a dedicated display in the
aquarium, colour coding on relevant species annotations,
inclusion in all the commentaries at fish feeds and during the
daily dolphin shows.
Consumer pocket guides are available to guests throughout
the complex. To date, we have distributed approximately
300,000 SASSI pocket guides.
During Marine Week, Environment Week and Biodiversity
Week, an interactive SASSI display was manned in the
aquarium. This gave guests an opportunity to ask questions
and find out more about the programme.
Biodiversity and conservation
With the introduction of the new Grade 10-12 school
curriculum, a popular course on biodiversity and conservation
has been developed to include the SASSI information.
Approximately 500 learners and 100 educators attending
workshops have been exposed to this initiative.
Sustainable Seafood
uShaka Sea World is one of several national partners with
WWF-SA on the SASSI programme. This programme aims to
educate consumers on their seafood choices and gives
consumers the information that they need in order to make
better seafood choices.
18 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
The SASSI programme was also incorporated into all of our
adult education programmes. uShaka Sea World is a training
provider for restaurant courses in KwaZulu-Natal and has
hosted three courses for various restaurants over the past
year.
Finance and Administration
F
i
n
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
A
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
S
A
A
M
B
R
’s
f
i
n
a
n
c
e
s
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
b
u
d
g
e
t
i
s
t
i
g
h
t
l
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
.
B
y
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
a
m
l
e
s
s
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
A
A
M
B
R
,
t
h
e
F
i
n
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
A
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
a
m
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
t
o
c
o
n
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
.
Finance and Administration at a glance
Revenue
R45.3-million
Operating expenses
R42.8-million
Value of media coverage
R10-million
Audit report
Unqualified
Donations
Tax deductible by donors
14
Number of staff
1,000,000
A complex and diverse organisation such as SAAMBR
requires a solid support structure that encompasses
ethical and uncompromising sound business practices to
enable the operating divisions to devote their skills and
energy to their respective focus areas.
The Financial and Administration division is the golden thread
that unites SAAMBR and is well able to offer the operating
divisions financial management, accounting, secretarial,
information technology, database management, human
resources, public relations and general office management
support.
924,686
900,000
800,000
700,000
625,887
666,606
600,000
555,204
701,938
Attendance:
uShaka Sea World
552,334
500,000
400,000
2004/5
2005/6
2006/7
2007/8
2008/9
2009/10
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 19
F
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
H
u
m
a
n
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
During the review period the Association carried out an
assessment of SAAMBR’s application of the King III Code of
Good Practice. The code focuses on governance and
sustainability of organisations and covers nine principles
including ethical leadership, Boards, and governance of risks.
The adoption of the code is under review in order to ensure
optimal relevance.
Human resources a priority area
Human resources and in particular capacity building, skills
development and succession planning, remain a priority of
the Association. SAAMBR is fortunate to have a fairly stable
staff complement of 188 full-time and part-time staff and
volunteers. There is no local source of special skills in the
fields of aquariums, marine mammals and life support
systems. However, a credible and comprehensive training and
certification programme has allowed us to fill the senior
specialised positions while enabling new junior staff to
progress through the training programme and thereby
building capacity, not only for the Association but also for the
South African marine community.
Health and safety a growing portfolio
Health and safety at SAAMBR has experienced some positive
changes during the review period to ensure adherence to the
Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993. The Safety
Committee grew with 12 additional portfolios to look after
the diverse range of activities that we undertake.
Specialist IT unit serves diverse needs
A specialist unit serves the Association’s ever evolving and
growing IT needs. In addition to routine maintenance of the
department’s myriad IT equipment, special projects were
undertaken and improved database management systems
were implemented. Highlights included the redesign of the
decade-old Mammal database and the modification of the
safety database.
Well managed finances
Key emphasis has always been on the accounting and
financial management of the Association. The funding
arrangements from external donors have their own
accounting and reporting requirements and these additional
tasks have been incorporated into the current procedures
carried out by the division. Furthermore, as ORI becomes
more involved with international funders, additional financial
reporting requirements have to be implemented.
All funding received adequately covered the Association’s
operating and capital expenses. The Oceanographic Research
Institute (ORI) generated research revenue during the review
period from contributions towards specific research projects
and specialist services. The Province of KwaZulu-Natal’s
Department of Agriculture, Environmental Affairs and Rural
Development demonstrated their commitment to the
Association and provided necessary funding. The National
Research Foundation and Marine and Coastal Management
supported local projects.
On the international front, contributions received from the
World Bank and the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries
Programme (SWIOFP) assisted in funding regional
programmes. Funding was also received for providing
specialist services to local and international organisations. We
are grateful to all the funders of our research for their support.
In October 2009 the Association was approved for purposes
of Section 18A(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act, 1962, as amended,
and donations to the Association will be tax deductible in the
hands of the donors.
To view SAAMBR’s Annual Report and Annual Financial
Statements please visit our website www.saambr.org.za.
Our thanks and gratitude
We are most grateful for the support of the eThekwini
Municipality during the review period. Our sincere thanks also
go to NPC-CIMPOR for their tremendous support of the NPC
Sea World Education Centre, and to The Roger Stevens Trust
and Fulton Trust for donations received.
A
l
l
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
l
y
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
S
A
A
M
B
R
’s
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
e
x
p
e
n
s
e
s
.
20 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
We also extend our gratitude to the Trustees of the Sea World
Foundation for Research, Education and Development for
their tireless support of the Association and its activities.
Finance and Administration
M
e
d
i
a
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
As many of SAAMBR’s strategic initiatives are linked to
improving the profile of our work, our media and public
relations team play a critical role in the Association.
Again, because of the Soccer World Cup, this is a conservative
estimate.
As in previous years, SAAMBR continued to feature regularly
in the media. During 2010, however, exact media impact was
difficult to assess due to the influence of the Soccer World
Cup. During the build up to the event, as well as during
coverage of the event, uShaka Sea World featured
prominently in print and broadcast media as a “must-see”
attraction in Durban.
The website is often now the first interaction that an
interested individual has with an organisation. As such, it is
essential that our site is relevant, credible and reflects the
ethos of the Association.
Website updated to align with strategic objectives
Available statistics show that uShaka Sea World was featured
by local television channels at least 47 times. Statistics for
international coverage are still to be confirmed.
During the period under review, the number of film crews
accommodated by uShaka Sea World increased to almost 70
from 52 the previous year. uShaka Sea World staff spent over
500 hours with these crews.
The uShaka Sea World website developed well during the year
under review and it is now far more dynamic and attractive,
with interesting and regularly updated content. This website
is visited by thousands of people who tend to spend a
considerable amount of time on the website, indicative of the
improved content.
In line with the strategic initiatives of SAAMBR, the website
will continue to evolve and improve, to reflect the new
company image.
Public Relations
The local community, daily and weekend newspapers
featured uShaka Sea World 74 times and various radio stations
featured uShaka Sea World 28 times, slight improvements on
last year’s figures. uShaka Sea World was also featured in 10
magazines.
Using the services of a media monitoring company, the value
of the local media coverage we received between July 2009
and June 2010 can be calculated at well over R10-million.
During the review period, uShaka Sea World was able to make
the dreams of over 400 children from the “Reach for a Dream”
programme come true.
Children and adults from a wide range of special homes are
also given the experience of a lifetime thanks to the
dedication of staff who all go the extra mile to ensure that
each guest, regardless of ability, has a special animal
encounter.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 21
G
o
i
n
g
G
r
e
e
n
– t
h
e
S
A
A
M
B
R
W
a
y
As an organisation committed to conservation, it is
imperative that SAAMBR is able to “practice what it
preaches”.
Our team has been hard at work over the past year,
investigating and implementing various initiatives that will
not only decrease consumption of natural resources, but also
save money.
Reducing our energy and water “footprint”
In terms of water usage, a dedicated, closed loop cooling
system was designed and installed to cool the ozone
generators. This system continually re-uses water and
alleviates dependence on the City’s variable water supply
pressures.
On the energy saving front, uShaka Sea World undertook the
installation of variable speed drives on selected pumps.
Although initially costly, this is now resulting in an average
saving of up to 60% per month in power used on these
systems. This means lower electricity costs and decreased
carbon dioxide emissions.
A reconfiguration of the protein skimmer pump system was
also designed, enabling the removal of 24 pumps and
resulting in a substantial saving in both pump replacements
and electricity use.
A make-up water pre-cooling system was designed and
installed to service the exhibit in the Cargo Hold restaurant.
This system cools accumulated make up water, prior to
pumping it to the exhibit. This system effected an initial saving
of approximately R100,000 by eliminating the need for a
dedicated chiller plant and will result in ongoing electricity
savings.
The team is hard at work exploring additional energy and
water saving opportunities as part of our holistic commitment
to the environment.
Mainstreaming conservation across the
organisation
In addition to the above resource-based initiatives, it is
pleasing to see SAAMBR, through the efforts of the “Green
Team”, integrating conservation into all spheres of operation.
The “Web of Life” remained the organising framework for the
activities of uShaka Sea World and this theme continued to be
carried into all relevant operations.
The SAAMBR Green Team hosted a “Green Day” to highlight
sustainable living. Over 100 staff members viewed the exhibits,
which were prepared by various Green Team members.
Regular training presentations are conducted for staff in order
to build a broad-based awareness of both marine conservation
and sustainable living. In this way our staff are building the
knowledge and hopefully the passion to become advocates
for sustainable living in their homes.
Reaching guests with conservation messages
SAAMBR is also investigating ways to improve our ability to
reach guests with relevant and action-orientated information.
Information on both marine conservation and sustainable
living are integrated into all messaging and guests are
encouraged to take personal actions at home.
There remains an enormous gap between what SAAMBR aims
to achieve and what guests really gain from a visit to our
facility. A research project has been initiated that will
S
A
A
M
B
R
s
t
a
f
f
a
r
e
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
einvestigate the role of uShaka Sea World in building our guests’
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
a
s
s
i
o
n
t
o
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
d
v
o
c
a
t
e
s
f
o
r understanding of conservation. This research will determine
the status quo with respect to inspiring guests to take positive
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
l
i
v
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
o
w
n
h
o
m
e
s
. action and will guide future guest interpretation and
interaction programmes.
22 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
Staff publications
S
t
a
f
f
P
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
1. REFEREED PUBLICATIONS
1.1 Papers in scientific journals
*AL-NAHDI, A., AL-MARZOUQI, A., AL-RASADI, E. & GROENEVELD, J.C. 2009. The size composition, reproductive biology, age and
growth of largehead cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus from the Arabian Sea coast of Oman. Indian Journal of Fisheries
56(2): 258-267.
CHOPELET, J., HELIAR, S., MANN, B.Q. & MARIANI, S. 2009. Novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for the protogynous
hermaphrodite slinger seabream (Chrysoblephus puniceus, Sparidae). Molecular Ecology Resources 9(4):1223-1226.
HUSSEY, N.E., McCARTHY, I.D., DUDLEY, S.F.J. & MANN, B.Q. 2009. Nursery grounds, movement patterns and growth rates of dusky
sharks, Carcharhinus obscurus: a long-term tag and release study in South African waters. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:
571-583.
PRADERVAND, P. & FENNESSY, S.T. 2009. Evaluation of bait usage in the KwaZulu-Natal linefishery, South Africa. Western Indian
Ocean Journal of Marine Science 8 (1): 61-73.
VAN DER ELST, R.P., GROENEVELD, J.C., BALOI, A.P., MARSAC, F., KATONDA, K.I., RUWA, R.K. & LANE, W.L. 2009. Nine nations, one
ocean: a benchmark appraisal of the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (2007 – 2011). Ocean and Coastal
Management 52(5): 258-267.
1.2 Papers in published Conference Proceedings
MACDONALD, A.H.H., SCHLEYER, M.H. & LAMB, J. 2009. South east African, high-latitude coral communities, a canary for western
Indian Ocean coral reefs? Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, 7-11 July 2008, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida:
434-438.
SCHLEYER, M.H. & BENAYAHU, Y. 2009. Soft coral biodiversity and distribution in East Africa: Gradients, function and significance.
Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, 7-11 July 2008, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida: 1388-1391.
1.3 Chapters in Books
PALMER, R.M., COWLEY, P.D. & MANN B.Q. (Eds.) 2008. A Century of Linefish Research in South Africa: Bibliography and review of
research trends. South African Network for Coastal and Oceanic Research Occasional Report No. 6: 108p.
SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Extreme environments: High-latitude reefs – South African coral reefs. In: Charles, R.C., Sheppard, Simon K.
Davy, and Graham M. The Biology of Coral Reefs. p72-73.
VAN DER ELST, R.P. 2009. The Oceanographic Research Institute: Half a century of marine research towards meeting challenges in
the West Indian Ocean. In: Couzens, E & Honkonen, T. eds. International Environmental law-making and diplomacy review
2008. University of Joensuu: 91-106.
BREETZKE, T., PARAK, O., CELLIERS, L., MATHER, A. & COLENBRANDER, D. 2009. 'Living with coastal erosion': Steps that might be
taken, based on the KwaZulu-Natal best practice response strategy. In: Couzens, E & Honkonen, T. eds. International
Environmental law-making and diplomacy review 2008. University of Joensuu: 219-227.
1.4 Theses
MASSÉ, L.M. 2009. Sexual reproduction of Pocillopora damicornis (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) in high latitude shores of KwaZulu-Natal,
Durban, South Africa. M.Sc. thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. 45p.
SERÉ, M.G. 2009. Influence of heterotrophic feeding on the sexual reproduction of Pocillopora verrucosa (Scleractinia:
Pocilloporidae) in aquaria. M.Sc. thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. 45p.
SMITH, D. 2008. Movement, growth and stock assessment of the coastal fish Lichia amia (Teleostei: Carangidae) off the South
African coast. M.Sc thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. 164p.
2. NON-REFEREED PUBLICATIONS
2.1 Unpublished Reports
EVERETT, B.I.; VAN DER ELST, R.P.; OKEMWA, G.; FONDO, E.; AFONSO, P.; TORRES, R.; ROBINSON, J.; DORIZO, J.; JIDDAWI, N.; YAHYA, S.
2008. WIOFish database: a catalogue of small-scale fisheries of the western Indian Ocean, application inception workshop
report, Durban, South Africa, 28-29 January 2008. Report produced for the World Bank, February 2008: 23p.
EVERETT, B.I.; VAN DER ELST, R.P.; OKEMWA, G.; FONDO, E.; AFONSO, P.; TORRES, R.; ROBINSON, J.; DORIZO, J.; ASSAN, C.; JIDDAWI,
N.; YAHYA, S. 2008. WIOFish database: a catalogue of small-scale fisheries of the western Indian Ocean, Final Report (Year 1).
Report produced for the World Bank, June 2008: 20p.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 23
EVERETT, B.I.; VAN DER ELST, R.P.; OKEMWA, G.; FONDO, E.; ASSAN, C.; LESPERANCE, A.; DORIZO, J.; JIDDAWI, N.; AFONSO, P.;
TORRES, R. 2009. WIOFISH database: a catalogue of small-scale fisheries of the western Indian Ocean: Annual report. Report
produced for the World Bank, May 2009: 79p.
GROENEVELD, J.C., JAPP, D.W. & WISSEMA, J. 2009. Experimental fishing for spiny lobster Palinurus delagoae off South Africa.
Report on the fourth year of the experiment: June – November 2007. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 21p. (ORI
Unpublished Report 273).
KHUMALO, M.C., MAGGS, J.Q. & MANN, B.Q. 2009. Boat Launch Site Monitoring (BLMS): 2008 Annual Report. Oceanographic
Research Institute, Durban: 50p. (ORI Unpublished Report 275).
KRUGER, A. & SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Marine invertebrate catches recorded during estuarine and marine patrols conducted by
Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife: 2008. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 50p. (ORI Unpublished Report 274).
KRUGER, A. & SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Results of mail and telephone surveys conducted to obtain recreational invertebrate fisheries
catch statistics for 2008. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 13p. (ORI Unpublished Report 277).
MACKAY, C.F. 2009. Macrobenthic responses to prolonged drought in the St. Lucia estuarine lake complex. Oceanographic
Research Institute, Durban: 39p. (ORI Unpublished Report 278).
MACKAY, C.F. 2009. Survey of the subtidal macrobenthic fauna of the intermittently open Nhlabane Estuary. Oceanographic
Research Institute, Durban: 51p. (ORI Unpublished Report 280).
MACKAY, C.F., ADAMS, J., WEERTS, S.P., RIDDIN, T., PATTRICK, P., STOW, C.A. & BORNMAN, T. 2009. Present status of the ecology of
Lake Nhlabane: vegetation, invertebrates and ichthyofauna. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 164p. (ORI
Unpublished Report 281).
MACKAY, C.F., WEERTS, S.P. & PATTRICK, P. 2009. Baseline ecological surveys of the Zulti South estuaries: physico-chemistry,
macroinvertebrates and ichthyofauna. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 48pp. (ORI Unpublished Report 279).
MAGGS, J.Q., GOVENDER, R.D., ELS, M. & MANN, B.Q. 2009. National Marine Linefish System: Recreational angling data collection
by Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife: 2008 Annual Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 16p. (ORI Unpublished
Report 276).
STEYN, E., FIELDING, P.J., SCHLEYER, M.H. & DE BRUYN, P.A. 2009. Catch statistics and the relevant biology of the spiny lobster,
Panulirus homarus, along the Transkei (Eastern Cape) coast. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 20p. (ORI Unpublished
Report 261).
STEYN, E. & SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Inshore/Offshore migration of the spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus rubellus, on Blood Reef,
Durban, South Africa. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 35p. (ORI Unpublished Report 271).
STEYN, E. & SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Assessment of management options for the East Coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus. Report
prepared for Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. 26p.
2.2 Data Reports
MAGGS, J.Q. 2009. National Marine linefish system: Catch and effort data for the Clansthal Area (KwaZulu-Natal): 2008.
Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 3p. + Appendices (ORI Data Report 2009/6).
MAGGS, J.Q. 2009. National Marine linefish system: Catch and effort data for the Kosi Bay lake system: 1985-2008. Oceanographic
Research Institute, Durban: 3p. + Appendices (ORI Data Report 2009/5).
MAGGS, J.Q. 2009. National Marine linefish system: Recreational catches of catsharks (Scyliorhinidae) along the South African
coast: 1985-2008. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 4p. + Appendices (ORI Data Report 2009/8).
MAGGS, J.Q. 2009. National Marine linefish system: Recreational catches of prodigal son (Rachycentron canadum) along the
KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa: 1986-2008. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 7p. (ORI Data Report 2009/9).
MAGGS, J.Q. 2009. National Marine Linefish System: Recreational skiboat catch and effort data for selected locations along the
Garden Route: 1985-2007. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 3p. + Appendices (ORI Data Report 2009/4).
MAGGS, J.Q. 2009. ORI/WWF-SA Tagging Project: Summary of tag and recapture data for dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus)
caught in the Breede river estuary, Western Cape: 1984-2008. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. 16p. (ORI Data
Report 2009/10).
MAGGS, J.Q. & BULLEN, E.M. 2009. ORI/WWF-SA Tagging Project: summary of tag and recapture data for selected shark species
caught in the area between Port Grosvenor and Coffee Bay (Eastern Cape) from 1984-2009. Oceanographic Research Institute,
Durban: 3p. + Appendices (ORI Data Report 2009/7).
MANN, B.Q. & BULLEN, E.M. 2009 Summary of tag and recapture data for cow sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) caught along the
Southern African Coast from 1984 -2008. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 21p. (ORI Data Report 2009/1).
MANN, B.Q. & BULLEN, E.M. 2009 Summary of tag and recapture data for smooth houndsharks (Mustelus mustelus) caught along
the Southern African Coast from 1984 -2008. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 21p. (ORI Data Report 2009/3).
MANN, B.Q. & BULLEN, E.M. 2009 Summary of tag and recapture data for soupfin sharks (Galeorhinus galeus) caught along the
Southern African Coast from 1984 -2008. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban: 19p. (ORI Data Report 2009/2).
24 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
Staff Publications
2.3 Other Publications
OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE. 2009. The Oricle 51: 4p. (van der Elst, R.P., & Moor, A.S. eds. Contributions by: Fennessy,
S.T., Groeneveld, J.C., Mann, B.Q. & van der Elst, R.P.).
OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE. 2009. The Oricle 52: 4p. (van der Elst, R.P., & Moor, A.S. eds. Contributions by: Groeneveld,
J.C., Mackay, C.F., Palmer, B. & van der Elst, R.P.).
OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE. 2009. The Oricle 53: 4p. (van der Elst, R.P., & Moor, A.S. eds. Contributions by: Dunlop, S.,
Fennessy, S.T., Floros, C., Groeneveld, J.C. & van der Elst, R.P.).
OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE. 2009. Tagging News 22: 12p. (Bullen, E.M., Mann, B.Q. & Everett, B.I. eds.).
2.6 SAAMBR publications
SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION FOR MARINE BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH. 2009. SAAMBR Bulletin 34: 24p. (Penning M., Browne, D. &
Mann-Lang, J. eds.).
2.8 Popular articles
FENNESSY, S.T. ed. 2009. Newsletter of the IUCN Specialist Group: Groupers and Wrasses 12:12p. http://www.hku.hk/ecology/
GroupersWrasses/iucnsg/index.html
MAGGS, J.Q. 2009. Old man of the sea. Ultimate Spearfishing 1(1): 43.
MANN, J.B. 2009. Pandas, People and Pink Dolphins, Report on the 7th International Aquarium Congress Shanghai, China, PAAZAB
Bulletin June 2009.
MANN, B.Q. & KYLE, R. 2009. Down tools. Vertical jigging and how to release fish caught at depth. Ski-boat 25(2): 68-72.
RAPSON, B. & MANN, B.Q. 2009. Seriola species – what are the differences? Ski-boat 25(1): 81-86.
SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Corals in South Africa. Submerge February/March: 56-57.
SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Corals in South Africa. Submerge April/May: 58-59.
SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Corals in South Africa. Submerge June/July: 60-62.
SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Corals in South Africa. Submerge August/September: 56-57.
SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Corals in South Africa. Submerge October/November: 58-59.
SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009/2010. Corals in South Africa. Submerge December/January: 60-62.
3. CONFERENCES
3.1 Oral Presentations
BARTELS, P. 2009. The training of sperm collection from an Atlantic Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) aiming towards
the future management of captive marine mammal populations through the collection of genetic material. Animal Keepers
Association of Africa, Oudtshoorn, South Africa, 16-17 September 2008.
BRITZ, L. 2009. Secrets from the Past. 9th National Marine and Coastal Educators Conference, Mossel Bay, 11-16 January 2009.
FENNESSY, S.T. 2009. Potential Siyaya Coastal Park MPA. KZN Marine Protected Area Expansion Workshop, Blue Waters Hotel,
Durban, 11-12 August 2009.
FLOROS, C., SCHLEYER, M.H., & SCHOEMAN, D. 2009. Differing fish communities on sanctuary and open reefs reveal impacts of
recreational fishing and diving on the Maputaland coral reefs of South Africa. 8th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Perth,
Australia, 31 May-5 June.
FLOROS, C., SCHLEYER, M.H., & CELLIERS, L. 2009. Assessing the condition of fish communities on South Africa's coral reefs. KZN
Marine and Coastal Research Symposium Programme, uShaka Marine World, Durban, 24-25 June.
HARRIS, J.M., LAGABRIELLE, E., LIVINGSTONE, T., LOMBARD, A.T., SINK, K. MANN, B.Q., SCHLEYER, M.H., HAUPT, P. & GOVENDER, J.
2009. SeaPlan: Mapping marine biodiversity patterns and processes for conservation planning on the eastern coast of South
Africa. KZN Marine and Coastal Management Research Group Symposium, uShaka Marine World, Durban, 24-25 June 2009.
HAUPT, P., LAGABRIELLE, E., LOMBARD, A., SINK, K., MANN, B.Q., GOODMAN, P., HARRIS, J., GOVENDER, J. & LIVINGSTONE, T. 2009.
Mapping Species Life Cycle Envelopes (SLICEs) for marine conservation planning: an application in KwaZulu-Natal. 6th
WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis, La Reunion, 24-29 August 2009.
KILIAN, H. 2009. Sustainable Utilisation. 9th National Marine and Coastal Educators Conference, Mossel Bay, 11-16 January 2009.
MACDONALD, A.H.H., SCHLEYER, M.H. & LAMB, J. 2009. Connectivity in TRANSMAP studies of two scleractinian corals in the
Western Indian Ocean. 6th WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis, La Reunion, 24-29 August 2009.
MAGGS, J.Q., PRADERVAND, P. & MANN, B.Q. 2009. Long-term trends in abundance of selected shore angling species caught
along the KwaZulu-Natal coast. KZN Marine and Coastal Management Research Group Symposium, uShaka Marine World,
Durban, 24-25 June 2009.
MAGGS, J.Q., PRADERVAND, P., MANN, B.Q. & WINTNER, S. 2009. An investigation of the developing paddleski fishery in KwaZuluNatal, South Africa. KZN Marine and Coastal Management Research Group Symposium, uShaka Marine World, Durban, 24-25
June 2009.
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 25
MANN, B.Q. 2009. An assessment of the seventy-four – Has the stock recovered over the past 10 years? KZN Marine and Coastal
Management Research Group Symposium, uShaka Marine World, Durban, 24-25 June 2009.
MANN, B.Q. 2009. Cape Vidal tagging project. Marine Protected Area Manager's Forum.
St Lucia 15-18 November 2009.
MANN, B.Q. 2009. Previous proposals of MPA priorities and COMPARE. KZN Marine Protected
Area Expansion Workshop, Blue Waters Hotel, Durban, 11-12 August 2009.
MANN, B.Q. & TYLDESLEY, M. 2009. Monitoring and tagging inshore fish species within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. KZN
Marine and Coastal Management Research Group Symposium, uShaka Marine World, Durban, 24-25 June 2009.
MANN, B.Q., NANNI, G. & PRADERVAND, P. 2009. An aerial survey to estimate total shore angling effort along the KwaZulu-Natal
coast. KZN Marine and Coastal Management Research Group Symposium, uShaka Marine World, Durban, 24-25 June 2009.
MANN, J.B. 2009. The amazing journey of Nandi the manta ray. African Association of Zoos and Aquaria (PAAZAB) Conference,
Entebbe, Uganda, 19-22 May 2009.
MANN, J.B. 2009. Prove it – Do aquariums really impact on the conservation awareness and behaviour of their guests? African
Association of Zoos and Aquaria (PAAZAB) Conference, Entebbe, Uganda, 19-22 May 2009.
MASSÉ, L.M., SCHLEYER, M.H., SMIT, A.J. & KRUGER, A. 2009. Sexual reproduction of Pocillopora damicornis (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia)
along the high latitude shores of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. 6th WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis, La
Réunion, 24-29 August 2009.
OOSTHUIZEN, C.J., MANN, B.Q. & BLOOMER, P. 2009. Still swimming strong after stock collapse? 6th WIOMSA Scientific
Symposium, St. Denis, La Réunion, 24-29 August 2009.
PAULA, J., ANDRADE, F., ANTAO, L., CARDOSO, P., FERREIRA, A., FRANCIS, J., GUISSAMULO, A., MACIA, A., NOGUEIRAMENDES, R.,
ROSENDO, S. & SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Systematic design of MPA network scenarios for the transfrontier Mtwara-Quirimbas
complex in the East African Marine Ecoregion. 6th WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis, La Réunion, 24-29 August 2009.
PORTER, J. 2009 “Conservation conversations”, 20th African Association of Zoos and Aquaria (PAAZAB) Conference, Entebbe,
Uganda, 19-22 May 2009.
PORTER, J. 2009 How much is left? Measuring catch per unit effort trends. 9th National Marine and Coastal Educators Conference,
Mossel Bay, 11-16 January 2009.
SCHLEYER, M.H., KRUGER, A. & CELLIERS, L. 2009. Long-term community changes on high-latitude coral reef in the iSimangaliso
Wetland Park, South Africa. 6th WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis, La Reunion, 24-29 August 2009.
SCHLEYER, M.H. & BENAYAHU, Y. 2009. Function and significance of soft coral biodiversity and distribution in the Western Indian
Ocean. 6th WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis, La Réunion, 24-29 August 2009.
SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Modelling the high-latitude, marginal coral reefs of South Africa. ISEM 2009: Ecological Modelling for
Enhanced Sustainability in Management, Quebec City, Canada, 6-9 October 2009.
SÉRÉ, M.G.H., SCHLEYER, M.H., PERISSINOTTO, R. & KRUGER, A. 2009. Influence of heterotrophic feeding on the sexual
reproduction of Pocillopora verrucosa (Scleractinian: Pocilloporidae) in aquaria. 6th WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis,
La Réunion, 24-29 August 2009.
SLEEMAN, A. & HARRIS, G. 2008. Integration of New Animals into Existing Groups. Animal Keepers Association of Africa,
Oudtshoorn, South Africa, 16-17 September 2008.
VAN DER ELST, R.P., EVERETT, B.I., AFONSO, P.S., JIDDAWI, N., ABDULA, T.R., OKEMWA, G., FONDO, E., ROBINSON, J., DORIZO, J.,
ASSAN, C. & LESPERANCE, A. 2009. WIOFish: a tool to evaluate progress towards achieving MDGs relating to small scale
fisheries of the WIO. 6th WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis, La Réunion, 24-29 August 2009.
VILANE, D. 2009. Practical activities for visually impaired learners. 9th National Marine and Coastal Educators Conference, Mossel
Bay, 11-16 January 2009.
3.2 Posters
FLOROS, C. & SCHLEYER, M.H. 2009. Differing fish communities on sanctuary and open reefs reveal impacts of recreational fishing
and diving on the Maputaland coral reefs of South Africa. 6th WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis, La Réunion, 24-29
August 2009.
STARZAK, D.E., SCHLEYER, M.H. & LAMB, J. 2009. Genetic diversity of Symbiodinium in TRANSMAP studies on Western Indian
Ocean. 6th WIOMSA Scientific Symposium, St. Denis, La Réunion, 24-29 August 2009.
26 |
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
SAAMBR Council and Staff
S
A
A
M
B
R
C
o
u
n
c
i
l
a
n
d
S
t
a
f
f
(as at 30 June 2010)
SAAMBR COUNCIL MEMBERS
President
Chairman
Vice-Chairman
Chief Executive Officer
Treasurer
Secretary
Members of Council
Research Assistant
R.E. Phillips*
H.C. Rudham*
B.D. Rebeck*
M.R. Penning*
R. Turner*
J.P. Hathorn*
S.S. Abdool Karim+
I.D. Andrew*
C. Arunajallam>
L.G. Baumann
W.L. Chiazzari
A.J.O. de Freitas
T.C. Dlamini*
H.E. Karodia<
K. Kirkman+
R.A. Lécolle-Brown*
S.J. Leigh
V. McMenamin
S.J. Mthethwa>
Non Council Member
K.J. Pretorius
J.T. Russell<>
J.M. Senogles
W.C. Vandeverre
A.E. Thunström*
* Member of Executive Committee
+ Nominated by University of KwaZulu-Natal
> Nominated by eThekweni Municipality
< Nominated by the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial MEC for Environmental Affairs
<> Nominated by Durban Marine Theme Park (Pty) Limited
STAFF
Chief Executive Officer
Personal Assistant
Studentships
Technical Assistant
EDUCATION
Director
Education Specialist Interpretation
Education Liaison Officer
Formal Education Manager
Senior Educator
Outreach Coordinator
Educator
Outreach Logistics Officer
Guest Relations Guides 2
Guest Relations Guides 1
M.R. Penning BVSc (UP)
C.A. Morey
Apprentice Guest Relations Guides
FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION
Director
Financial Manager
Administration Officer
Senior Bookkeeper
Senior Finance Clerk
Receptionist
PR Assistant
Communications and Logistics
Manager
IT Manager
IT Technician
Data and Compliance Manager
Messenger
RESEARCH
Director
Deputy Director
Senior Scientists
Scientists
Assistant Scientist
Technical Assistant
Librarian
Librarian Assistant
Project Liaison Officer
Personal Assistant
Senior Scientific Technicians
Scientific Technicians
Field Officer
D.O. Browne
R. Clark CIS
D. Haigh
M.V. Landers
A. Khan
J. Pillay
J. Dlamini
Senior Bookings Coordinator
Bookings Coordinator
Education Assistants
A. Kunz ND SEC (Natal)
P. Zammit BSc (UCT)
S. Hiralall
A.Kruger MSc (Natal)
S.S. Luthuli
R.P. van der Elst MSc (Natal)
M.H. Schleyer MSc; PhD (Natal)
S.T. Fennessy MSc PhD (Natal)
J. Groeneveld MSc (UPE); PhD (UCT)
B.Q. Mann MSc (Rhodes)
C.F. MacKay MSc (UniZul)
B.I. Everett MSc (UKZN)
C. Floros MSc (UKZN)
B.J. Palmer MSc (Rhodes)
E. Steyn MSc (Stel)
D. Young BSc (UKZN)
D.A.I. Rouillard MSc (Murdoch Uni)
G. Samuriwo Dip Lib & Info Scient (Zim)
M. Selepe Dip Lib Sc (Dut)
A.S. Moor
R. Naidoo
J.Q. Maggs BSc (UNISA)
M.C. Khumalo ND Bibl; BTech (Natal)
E.M. Bullen
M. Els
R. Govender
D.P. Hayes
C. Wilkinson
J. Maullin
Education Guides
P. Pattrick MSc (UCT) (until April 2010)
A. Garnham BSc (UKZN)
C.A. Stow BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
S.W. Dunlop BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
A. Grimmer BSc (Hons) (Rhodes)
J. Hart BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
P. Montoya-Maya MSc (Rhodes)
S.C.S. Laing BEcon (Hons) (Rhodes)
C. Untiedt BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
L Hein BSc (Hons) (N.WEST UNI)
L.M. Massé MSc (UKZN)
M.G.H. Séré Msc (UKZN)
A.J. Foulis BSc (Hons) (Rhodes)
C.S. Mselegu
J.A. Porter BSc (Hons); HDE (UKZN)
L.R. Britz BA (UNISA); Natal Teachers Senior
Diploma (NTC)
B.D. Glenn BA (Hons) (UNISA); PGCE (UKZN)
H. Kilian BSc (Hons) (UKZN); PGCE (UNISA)
M.P. Lephaila
N.P. Msomi
N. Ncube
K.J. Winstanley
H.S. Ngcobo
D.M. Vilane
B.F. Merckel (on disability)
N. Mkhize BSc (UKZN) (until February 2010)
T. Gqamane (until February 2010)
P. Soogrim
S. Saunders
V.N. Ngidi
S. Hansjee BSc (UNISA)
E. Odendaal
L. Shezi
E. Gray
C.S. Mkhize
N. Mchunu
K. T. Woodenberg (until August 2009)
E.N. Chiliza
N. Mdlalose
T. Blose
N. Dlamini
S. Gumbi
N. Mazibuko
M. Mkhize
D. Mthethwa
B. Mtungwa
N. Ngcemu
T. Shandu
S. Shelembe
S. Sibisi
S. Balding
N. Calenborne
E. Cook
K. Cooper
Z. Dawood
P. Demmers
J. Dresner
E. Duncan
G. Hitchins (until March 2010)
R. Earle
N. Ebrahim Deen
J. Faure-Field
J. Faure-Field
N. Felgen
K. Fenton-May
P. Fougstedt (until January 2010)
R. Fougstedt (until January 2010)
S. Funston
M. Gibbs
A. Gibson
S. Gibson
G. Grantham
Bulletin 35: July 2009 to June 2010
| 27
M. Grobler (until January 2010)
D. Howe
S. Jacobs
A. Koch
D. MacGillivray
M. McClure
S. Meares
M. Moodley
J. Moran
H. Nellmapius
R. Nunn
L. Orchard
B. Payne
M. Phillips
J. Richards (until February 2010)
J. Roberts
E. Stenhouse
M. Sturgess
V. Sutton
L. Thobela
A. van der Merwe
L. Wilson
K. Winstanley
uSHAKA SEA WORLD
Director
Personal Assistant
Operations Curator
Mammal and Bird Department
Curator
Assistant Curator
Lead Behaviourist
Senior Behaviourist
Senior Operations Officer
Behaviourist 3
Behaviourist 2
Behaviourist 1
Assistant Animal Care
Apprentice Animal Care
Part-time
Maintenance and cleaning
Support Animal Care
Aquarium
Curator
Assistant Curator
Administrative Assistant
Consultant
Senior Aquarist
Senior Herpetologist
Assistant Herpetologist
Aquarist 3
28 |
J.B. Mann MSc (Rhodes); BTech (Natal)
H. Ashford
L. Jacobs (until February 2010)
M. Cowan (Temp.) (until August 2009)
P.A. Lötter BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
G.A. Harris BA (Natal)
C. Bodenstaff
H.K. Tennant
S.J. Pradervand
K.A. de Klerk
D.A. Esmonde-White
M. Hamilton
K.B. Cahill
A. Sleeman
C. Bristow
S.D. Thomas
U. Macklin
L.M. Mbhele
M.D. Mtetwa
P.N. Mbele
V. Pillay (until September 2009)
A.C. Bouwer
S. Xulu
R.L.M. Bates
T. Smith (until May 2010)
J. Ellerbeck
B. Limbada
S. Giannone
T.C.A. Abrahams
C. Mdlalose
P. Short
N. Singh
M. Biyela
M. Manqele
T. Shezi (until August 2009)
S.R. Ntshangase
S.A. Chater BSc (UPE)
G. Drysdale M.Tech (Natal)
L.T. Schlenk
J.A. Ballard BSc (Natal)
I. Visser BSc (Hons) (Wits)
K. Fivaz BSc (Hons) (UPE)
K.F. Boshoff
C.M. Glancey
J.D. Arnold
C. Smith
M. Myhill
L. Labuschagne
R.G. Kyle
M.J. van Rooyen (until May 2010)
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
Aquarist 2
Aquarist 1
Quarantine Aquarist
Senior Field Officer
Aquarium Diver
Animal Care Night Shift
Food Processor
Life Support Systems
Curator
Assistant Curator
Assistant Manager Operations
Technical Admin Assistant
Senior Technician
Senior Building Technician
Fitter
Project Coordinator
Trainee Fitter
Shift Supervisor
Shift Operator
Assistant Technician (Electrical)
Technical Assistant
Electrician
Assistant Electrician
Maintenance Electrician
Trainee Electrician
Handyman
Housekeeping
Dive Team
Dive Coordinator
Assistant Dive Coordinator
Service Diver
Animal Health
Veterinarian
Laboratory Manager
Water Quality Coordinator
Water Quality Monitor
S.Z. Ngobese
K.W. Mlambo
B.J. Ntombela
M. Pather BSc (UKZN)
J. Weyers
L. Botha
C. Untiedt BSc (Hons) (UKZN) (until December 2009)
J. Ganess ND Tourism Management (Cape)
J. Haxton
G. Leisegang
B. van Staden (until August 2009)
C. Wyness
D. Loukes
W.C. Stewien
S. Chris Paul BSc (UKZN)
T.Q. Kay (until February 2010)
M. Mhlongo
A. Siyesu
A.M. Phetha
S.L. Ndlovu
T. Nhlenyama
E.B. Khati
L. Khwela
B.D. Fergusson BA (UNISA)
T. Khoury (until January 2010)
Q. van Staden MSC (UPE)
M. Mahoney
C.F. Koekemoer
S. Govender
E. Peck
S. Ngcobo
K. Delport
K. Randall
D.P. Waugh
M. Ngcobo
M.D. Magubane
B. Dindi
S.M. Mthethwa
J.S. Kekana
V.R. Tshange
V.G. Zungu
D. Mzindle (until February 2010)
S.B. Mthethwa
M.P. Malevu
E.M. Khumalo
S. Zikalala
A.M. Msane
D.V.Nzuza
B. Holland
R.J. Gillespie (until April 2010)
I. Mduli (until December 2009)
P. Govender
R. Hendricks
S. Chamane
W. Sumpton
M. Magubane
I.D. Dawood
R. Becker (until March 2010)
W.J.B. Brown
R. Burrows (until April 2010)
J.S. de Villiers
J.G Holmes (until May 2010)
J. Wilkin (until April 2010)
M.C. Mowat
T.N. Mthethwa
A.T. Stoltz
Z. Venter
G. Winfield
T. Breytenbach (until January 2010)
C.M. Pieterse BVSc (Pretoria)
J.P. Joubert BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
N. Lötter BSc (Hons) (UKZN)
G. Ramsamy BA (UKZN)
The Bulletin of the South African Association for Marine Biological Research provides an annual review of its overall activities
including those of uShaka Sea World, NPC Sea World Education Centre and the Oceanographic Research Institute.
The Investigational Report series of the Oceanographic Research Institute presents the detailed results of marine biological
research. Reports have appeared periodically since 1961. All manuscripts are submitted for peer review locally and abroad.
The Special Publication series of the Oceanographic Research Institute reports on expeditions, surveys and workshops, or
provides bibliographic and technical information. The series appears at irregular intervals.
These series are available in exchange for relevant publications of other scientific institutions anywhere in the world. All
correspondence in this regard should be directed to: The Librarian, Oceanographic Research Institute, e-mail library@ori.org.za.