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CEWR-0003
國 立 政 治 大 學 中 國 經 濟 資 料 庫
China Economic Databases, National Chengchi University
CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD
RANKING REPORT
Chen-yuan Tung Professor, Graduate Institute of Development Studies
Amy T. Mah
Research Associate, China Economic Databases
Guo-chen Wang
PhD Student, Graduate Institute of Development Studies
Issue 3 - January 2010
Top 3 China economic world rankings
Index
Ranking
Economies
Foreign Exchange Reserves
1
156
Exports of Manufactured Goods
1
153
Exports of Office and Telecom Equipment
1
153
Current Account Balance
1
182
Coal Production
1
215
Coal Consumption
1
215
Carbon Dioxide Emission
1
215
GDP – PPP
2
182
Exports of Merchandise
2
153
Petroleum Consumption
2
215
Electricity Net Generation
2
215
Electricity Net Consumption
2
215
Primary Energy Production
2
215
Primary Energy Consumption
2
215
Nominal GDP
3
182
Imports of Merchandise
3
153
Exports of Construction
3
153
Exports of Other Business Services
3
153
Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares
3
110
China Economic World Ranking Report
January 2010
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I.
China’s Internal Economy World Rankings
According to the Report of
International Monetary Fund, in 2008,
China’s Nominal GDP was USD 4,327.4
billion, 3rd among 182 economies. The
Chinese GDP-annual real growth rate
was 9%, 16th of 182 economies. GDP
annual real growth rate of additional
BRIC 1 countries for 2008 were as
follows: amongst 182 economies, Brazil
ranked 76th with a growth rate of 5.1%;
India ranked 29th with a growth rate of
7.3%; Russia ranked 67th with a growth
rate of 5.6%.
Based on purchasing power parity
(PPP), China’s 2008 GDP was USD
7,926.5 billion, 2nd amongst 182
economies; the per capita GDP was USD
5,970, 101st amongst 182 economies.
GDP per capita for additional BRIC
countries were as follows: amongst 182
economies, Brazil ranked 78th with per
capita GDP of USD 10,465.8; India
ranked 131st with per capita GDP of USD
2,779.9; Russia ranked 53rd, with per
capita GDP of USD 15,947.9.
In terms of price in 2009, China’s
consumer price index (CPI) grew 5.9%
according to the Report of International
Monetary Fund; 99th of 222 economies.
On population, World Health
Organization’s investigation indicated,
the 2006 population annual growth rate
was 0.6%, 138th of 193 economies. The
2006 population in urban areas was
42%, 131st of 193 economies. The 2006
life expectancy at birth for both sexes in
China was 73 years, 65th of 193
economies. The 2006 life expectancy at
birth for female in China was 75 years,
73rd of 193 economies. The 2006 life
expectancy at birth for male in China
was 72 years, 55th of 193 economies.
Additionally, to measure the level
of economic and social development,
according to the Human Development
Index by United Nations, the 2007
China’s Index score was 0.772, 92nd of
182 economies. The 2007 Human
Development
Index
Scores
for
additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 182 economies; Brazil
ranked 75th with a score of 0.813; India
ranked 134th with a score of 0.612;
Russia ranked 71st with a score of 0.817.
According to the statistics of World
Bank, China scored 4.47 in the 2009
Knowledge Economy Index, 81st of 145
economies. The 2009 Knowledge
Economy Index scores for additional
BRIC countries were as follows:
amongst 145 economies; Brazil ranked
54th with a score of 5.66; India ranked
An acronym for the economies of Brazil,
Russia, India and China combined. The general
consensus is that the term was first prominently
used in a Goldman Sachs report from 2003,
which speculated that by 2050 these four
economies would be wealthier than most of the
current major economic powers.
CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT
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109th with a score of 3.09; Russia ranked
60th with a score of 5.55.
According to United Nations’
investigation results, China’s 2007 Gini
coefficient was 0.415, 92th of 182
economies, which emphasized the
growing concern over the income
disparity in China. The 2007 Gini
coefficients
for
additional
BRIC
countries were as follows: amongst 182
economies, Brazil ranked 75th with a
coefficient of 0.55; India ranked 134th
with a coefficient of 0.368; Russia
ranked 71st with a coefficient of 0.375.
(HPI-1) for China was 7.7%, 36th of 135
economies. The 2007 HPI-1 scores for
other BRIC countries were as follows:
amongst 135 economies, Brazil ranked
43rd with a score of 8.6%; India ranked
88th with a score of 28%; Russia ranked
32nd with a score of 7.4%.
Furthermore, according to the
investigation result of World Health
Organization, the 2004 population ratio
living below the poverty line for China
was 9.9%, 58th of 193 economies.
The 2007 Human Poverty Index
II.
China’s External Economy World Rankings
According
to
The
Heritage
Foundation, China ranked 140th of 183
economies in the 2010 Index of
Economic Freedom, with a value of 51.
2010 economic freedom scores for
additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 183 economies, Brazil
ranked 113th with a score of 55.6; India
ranked 124th with a score of 53.8; Russia
ranked 143th with a score of 50.3.
The KOF Swiss Economic Institute’s
2009 Economic Globalization Index
ranked China 83rd of 208 economies,
with a score of 60.47. The 2009
Economic Globalization Index scores for
additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 208 economies, Brazil
ranked 82nd with a score of 60.48; India
China Economic World Ranking Report
ranked 120th with a score of 44.84;
Russia ranked 91st with a score of 57.04.
Moreover, in the 2009 China’s
World Competitiveness by International
Institute for Management Development,
China ranked 20th of 57 economies. The
2009 World Competitiveness rankings
for additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 57 economies, Brazil
ranked 40th; India ranked 30th; Russia
ranked 49th.
According to World Economic
Forum,
China’s
2009
Global
Competitiveness Index was 4.74, 29th of
133 economies. Scores for additional
BRIC countries were as follows:
amongst 133 economies, Brazil ranked
January 2010
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56th with a score of 4.23; India ranked
49th with a score of 4.3; Russia ranked
63rd with a score of 4.15.
China’s 2008 Networked Readiness
Index was 46th of 134 economies.
According to the investigation of
International
Telecommunication
Union, the 2007 ICT Development
Index for China was 3.11, 73rd of 154
economies.
In World Bank’s World Trade
Indicators 2008 indices, China ranked
63rd among 125 economies in the Trade
Policy Index; 51st among 126 economies
in the External Environment Index; 83rd
among
181
economies
in
the
Institutional Environment Index; 30th
among 151 economies in the Trade
Facilitation Index; 34th among 161
economies in the Trade Outcome Index.
Lastly, in the 2009 Enabling Trade
Index by World Economic Forum, China
ranked 49th among 121 economies with a
score of 4.19.
On international trade, World
Trade Organization indicated, the 2008
merchandise imports for China totaled
USD 1,132.5 billion, 3rd of 153
economies and 3rd among 126 countries
excluding the intra-EU trading activity.
Merchandise imports rankings for
additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, Brazil
ranked 24th with a total of USD 182.4
billion; India ranked 16th with a total of
USD 293.4 billion; Russia ranked 17th
with a total of USD 291.9 billion.
Excluding the intra-EU trading activity,
amongst 126 countries, Brazil ranked
16th; India ranked 10th; Russia ranked
11th.
The 2008 merchandise export for
China totaled USD 1,428.3 billion, 2nd of
153 economies and 2nd among 126
countries excluding the intra-EU trading
activity. Merchandise exports rankings
for additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, Brazil
ranked 22nd with a total of USD 197.9
billion; India ranked 27th with a total of
USD 177.5 billion; Russia ranked 9th
with a total of USD 471.6 billion.
Excluding the intra-EU trading activity,
amongst 126 countries, Brazil ranked
16th; India ranked 19th; Russia ranked
5th.
The 2008 imports for commercial
services totaled USD 158 billion, 5th
among 153 economies and 4th among
126 countries excluding the intra-EU
trading activity. Commercial services
imports rankings for additional BRIC
countries were as follows: amongst 153
economies, Brazil ranked 22nd with a
total of USD 44.4 billion; India ranked
13th with a total of USD 83.6 billion;
Russia ranked 16th with a total of USD
74.6 billion. Excluding the intra-EU
trading activity, amongst 126 countries,
Brazil ranked 13th; India ranked 7th;
Russia ranked 9th.
CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT
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The 2008 exports for commercial
services totaled USD 146.4 billion, 5th
among 153 economies and 3rd among
126 countries excluding the intra-EU
trading activity. Commercial services
exports rankings for additional BRIC
countries were as follows: amongst 153
economies, Brazil ranked 31st with a
total of USD 28.8 billion; India ranked
9th with a total of USD 102.6 billion;
Russia ranked 22nd with a total of USD
50.7 billion. Excluding the intra-EU
trading activity, amongst 126 countries,
Brazil ranked 18th; India ranked 5th;
Russia ranked 11th.
According to the statistics of
International Monetary Fund, in 2008,
China’s current account balance was
USD 426.1 billion, 1st of 182 countries.
III. China’s World Rankings by Trade Categories
Figure 1.
Major exporters of manufactures, 2000 - 08
（Billion dollars）
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
China
Japan
United
States
Germany
2000
2005
2006
On merchandise exports for 2008,
China surpassed Germany to become
the world’s largest exporter of
manufactured
goods
with
an
approximated total of USD 1,300
billion as stated in the annual report of
China Economic World Ranking Report
2007
2008
World Trade Organization, ranking
China 1st of 153 economies. In addition,
China posted the strongest annual
performance in office and telecom
equipment export in 2008, also
ranking 1st of 153 economies.
January 2010
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Figure 2. China’s rankings of commercial services exports
audiovisual and related services
other business services
royalties and license fees
computer services
computer and information services
financial services
insurance services
construction
communications services
On commercial services, the total
2007 exports of communications
services was USD 1,175 million, 8th of
153 economies. The 2007 exports of
communications services rankings for
additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies,
India ranked 4th with a total of USD
2,288 million; Russia ranked 7th with
a total of USD 1,272 million.
The total 2007 exports of
construction was USD 5,377 million,
3rd of 153 economies. The 2007 exports
of construction rankings for additional
BRIC countries were as follows:
amongst 153 economies, India ranked
9th with a total of USD 845 million;
Russia ranked 4th with a total of USD
3,450 million.
The total 2007 exports of
insurance services was USD 904
million, 9th of 153 economies. The 2007
exports of insurance services rankings
for additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, India
4
3
13
13
6
4
9
3
8
153 economies
ranked 7th with a total of USD 1,504
million; Brazil ranked 13th with a total
of USD 543 million.
The total 2007 exports of financial
services was USD 12,425 million, 4th of
153 economies. The 2007 exports of
financial
services
rankings
for
additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, India
ranked 8th with a total of USD 3,886
million; Brazil ranked 12th with a total
of USD 1,090 million; Russia ranked
11th with a total of USD 1,174 million.
The total 2007 exports of
computer services was USD 207
million, 13th of 153 economies. The
2007 exports of computer services
rankings for additional BRIC countries
were as follows: amongst 153
economies, India ranked 2nd with a
total of USD 27,110 million; Russia
ranked 8th with a total of USD 1,012
million.
CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT
The
total
2007
壹
exports
of
January 2010
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computer and information services was
USD 4,345 million, 6th of 153
economies.
The 2007 exports of
computer and information services
rankings for additional BRIC countries
were as follows: amongst 153
economies, India ranked 2nd with a
total of USD 27,668 million; Russia
ranked 10th with a total of USD 1,097
million.
of USD 9,624 million.
The total 2007 exports of
audiovisual and related services was
USD 316 million, 4th of 153 economies.
The 2007 exports of audiovisual and
related services rankings for additional
BRIC countries were as follows:
amongst 153 economies, Russia ranked
9th with a total of USD 196 million.
The total 2007 exports of royalties
and licenses fees was USD 343 million,
13th of 153 economies. The 2007
exports of royalties and licenses fees
rankings for additional BRIC countries
were as follows: amongst 153
economies, Brazil ranked 14th with a
total of 319 million; Russia ranked 11th
with a total of USD 396 million.
The total 2007 exports of other
business services 2 was USD 40,408
million, 3rd of 153 economies. The
2007 exports of other business services
rankings for additional BRIC countries
were as follows: amongst 153
economies, India ranked 5th with a
total of USD 30,783 million; Brazil
ranked 13th with a total of USD 11,064
million; Russia ranked 14th with a total
Exports and imports of other business
services comprise of trade-related services,
operational leasing (rentals), and
miscellaneous business, professional and
technical services such as legal, accounting,
management consulting, public relations
services, advertising, market research and
public opinion polling, research and
development services, architectural,
engineering, and other technical services,
agricultural, mining and on-site processing.
China Economic World Ranking Report
2
January 2010
Page 8
Figure 3. China’s rankings of commercial services imports
audiovisual and related services
other business services
royalties and license fees
computer services
computer and information services
financial services
insurance services
construction
communications services
On commercial services, the total
2007 imports of communications
services was USD 1,082 million, 6th of
153 economies. The 2007 imports of
communications services rankings for
additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, India
ranked 13th with a total of USD 714
million; Russia ranked 5th with a total
of USD 1,298 million.
The total 2007 imports of
construction was USD 2,910 million,
6th of 153 economies. The 2007
imports of construction rankings for
additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, India
ranked 11th with a total of USD 691
million; Russia ranked 3rd with a total
of USD 6,454 million.
The total 2007 imports of
insurance services was USD 10,664
million, 4th of 153 economies. The 2007
imports of insurance services rankings
for additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, India
12
4
7
10
7
6
4
6
6
153 economies
ranked 7th with a total of USD 3,203
million; Brazil ranked 11th with a total
of USD 1,308 million.
The total 2007 imports of financial
services was USD 2,807 million, 6th of
153 economies. The 2007 imports of
financial
services
rankings
for
additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, India
ranked 5th with a total of USD 3,262
million; Brazil ranked 12th with a total
of USD 807 million; Russia ranked 9th
with a total of USD 1,407 million.
The total 2007 imports of
computer services was USD 346
million, 10th of 153 economies. The
2007 imports of computer services
rankings for additional BRIC countries
were as follows: amongst 153
economies, India ranked 3rd with a
total of USD 3,212 million; Brazil
ranked 4th with a total of USD 2,205
million; Russia ranked 8th with a total
of USD 754 million.
CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT
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The total 2007 imports of
computer and information services was
USD 2,208 million, 7th of 153
economies. The 2007 imports of
computer and information services
rankings for additional BRIC countries
were as follows: amongst 153
economies, India ranked 4th with a
total of USD 3,509 million; Brazil
ranked 6th with a total of USD 2,273
million; Russia ranked 10th with a total
of USD 956.
The total 2007 imports of royalties
and licenses fees was USD 8,192
million, 7th of 153 economies. The 2007
imports of royalties and licenses fees
rankings for additional BRIC countries
were as follows: amongst 153
economies, Brazil ranked 13th with a
total of 2,259 million; Russia ranked
10th with a total of USD 2,806 million.
IV.
The total 2007 imports of other
business services was USD 30,431
million, 4th of 153 economies. The 2007
imports of other business services
rankings for additional BRIC countries
were as follows: amongst 153
economies, India ranked 6th with a
total of USD 19,062 million; Brazil
ranked 10th with a total of USD 10,586
million; Russia ranked 9th with a total
of USD 11,618 million.
The total 2007 imports of
audiovisual and related services was
USD 154 million, 12th of 153 economies.
The 2007 imports of audiovisual and
related services rankings for additional
BRIC countries were as follows:
amongst 153 economies, Brazil ranked
7th with a total of USD 456 million;
Russia ranked 6th with a total of USD
624 million.
China’s World Rankings of Energy Productions and Consumptions
Figure 4. Rankings of energy productions
primary energy
2
electricity (net)
2
coal
1
natural gas
petroleum
13
the 2008 daily petroleum production
was 3,973 thousand barrels, 5th of 215
economies.
The 2007 natural gas production
of China was 2,446 billion cubic feet,
13th of 215 economies.
5
215 economies
On energy productions of China,
International Energy Agency reported,
China Economic World Ranking Report
The 2007 coal production of China
was 2,795.5 million short tons3, 1st of
215 economies.
The short ton is a unit of weight equal to
2,000 pounds (907.18474 kg).
January 2010
3
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The
2006
electricity
net
generation of China was 18,015 billion
kilowatt hours, 2nd of 215 economies.
The
2006
electricity
net
consumption of China was 16,379
billion kilowatt hours, 2nd of 215
economies.
The 2006 total primary energy
production of China was 469
quadrillion Btu4, 2nd of 215 economies.
The 2006 total primary energy
consumption of China was 472
quadrillion Btu, 2nd of 215 economies.
Figure
5.
Rankings
of
energy
consumptions or emissions
carbon dioxide
1
primary energy
2
electricity (net)
2
coal
1
natural gas
petroleum
The 2006 carbon dioxide emission
of China was 29,195 million metric
tons, 1st of 215 economies.
12
2
215 economies
On energy consumptions of China,
International Energy Agency reported,
the 2008 daily petroleum consumption
was 7,831 thousand barrels per day, 2nd
of 215 economies.
The
2007
natural
gas
consumption of China was 2,490
billion cubic feet, 12th of 215
economies.
The 2007 coal consumption of
China was 2,772.8 million short tons,
1st of 215 economies.
1 quadrillion British thermal unit (Btu) is
defined as 1015 Btu, which is about one
exajoule ((1.055 × 1018 J).
CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT
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V. China’s Financial World Rankings
Figure 6. Rankings of financial developments
Figure 7. Rankings of Forex reserves
Russia
40
Russia
India
3
38
India
Brazil
5
34
Brazil
China
8
26
55 economies
World Economic Forum reported,
China placed 26th in the 2009
Financial Development Index amongst
55 economies with a score of 3.87. The
Financial Development Index rankings
of other BRIC countries were as follows:
amongst 55 economies, Brazil ranked
34th with a score of 3.46; India ranked
38th with a score of 3.3; Russia ranked
40th with a score of 3.16.
China Economic World Ranking Report
China
1
156 countries
According to The People’s Bank of
China, the 2009 foreign exchange
reserves (Forex reserves) of China was
USD 2.4 trillion, 1st of 156 countries.
Forex reserves for additional BRIC
countries were as follows: amongst 156
countries, Brazil ranked 8th with
reserves of USD 0.24 trillion; India
ranked 5th with reserves of USD 0.29
trillion; Russia ranked 3rd with reserves
of USD 0.45 trillion.
January 2010
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China Economic World Rankings
Sample
Source
Year
Index
Rankings
Nominal GDP
3
182
GDP – Real Growth Rate
16
182
GDP –PPP
2
182
GDP Per Capita -PPP
101
182
Foreign Exchange Reserves
1
156
161
182
138
193
World Health Organization
2006
131
193
World Health Organization
2006
58
193
World Health Organization
2004
65
193
World Health Organization
2006
73
193
World Health Organization
2006
55
193
World Health Organization
2006
ICT Development Index
73
154
Knowledge Economy Index
81
145
World Bank
2009
Gini Index
92
182
United Nations
2007
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1)
36
135
United Nations
2007
Human Development Index
92
182
United Nations
2007
CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT
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Inflation Rate -Consumer
Prices
Population Annual Growth
Rate (%)
Population in Urban Areas
Population Living Below the
Poverty Line
Life Expectancy at Birth (years)
Both Sexes
Life Expectancy at Birth (years)
Female
Life Expectancy at Birth (years)
Male
Size
The International Monetary
Fund
The International Monetary
Fund
The International Monetary
Fund
The International Monetary
Fund
The People’s Bank of China
The International Monetary
Fund
International
Telecommunication Union
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2008
2007
January 2010
Page 13
China Economic World Rankings
Sample
Source
Year
The Heritage Foundation
2010
Index
Rankings
Index of Economic Freedom
140
183
Economic Globalization
83
208
Imports of Merchandise
3
153
World Trade Organization
2008
3
126
World Trade Organization
2008
5
153
World Trade Organization
2008
4
126
World Trade Organization
2008
2
153
World Trade Organization
2008
2
126
World Trade Organization
2008
7
153
World Trade Organization
2008
3
126
World Trade Organization
2008
1
153
World Trade Organization
2008
1
153
World Trade Organization
2008
8
153
World Trade Organization
2007
6
153
World Trade Organization
2007
Exports of Construction
3
153
World Trade Organization
2007
Imports of Construction
6
153
World Trade Organization
2007
Exports of Insurance Services
9
153
World Trade Organization
2007
Imports of Merchandise
Sans intra-EU Trade
Imports of Commercial
Services
Imports of Commercial
Services Sans intra-EU Trade
Exports of Merchandise
Exports of Merchandise Sans
intra-EU trade
Exports of Commercial Services
Exports of Commercial Services
Sans intra-EU Trade
Exports of Manufactured
Goods
Exports of Office and Telecom
Equipment
Exports of Communications
Services
Imports of Communications
Services
China Economic World Ranking Report
Size
KOF Swiss Economic
Institute
2009
January 2010
Page 14
China Economic World Rankings
Sample
Source
Year
153
World Trade Organization
2007
4
153
World Trade Organization
2007
Imports of Financial Services
6
153
World Trade Organization
2007
Exports of Computer Services
13
153
World Trade Organization
2007
Imports of Computer Services
10
153
World Trade Organization
2007
6
153
World Trade Organization
2007
7
153
World Trade Organization
2007
13
153
World Trade Organization
2007
7
153
World Trade Organization
2007
3
153
World Trade Organization
2007
4
153
World Trade Organization
2007
4
153
World Trade Organization
2007
12
153
World Trade Organization
2007
Global Competitiveness Index
29
133
World Economic Forum
2009
Current Account Balance
1
182
World Competitiveness
20
57
Financial Development Index
26
55
Index
Rankings
Imports of Insurance Services
4
Exports of Financial Services
Exports of Computer and
Information Services
Imports of Computer and
Information Services
Royalties and License Fees
(Exports)
Royalties and License Fees
(Imports)
Exports of other Business
Services
Imports of other Business
Services
Exports of Audiovisual and
Related Services
Imports of Audiovisual and
Related Services
Size
CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT
The International Monetary
Fund
International Institute for
Management Development
World Economic Forum
壹
2008
2009
2009
January 2010
Page 15
China Economic World Rankings
Sample
Source
Year
125
World Bank
2008
51
126
World Bank
2008
Institutional Environment
83
181
World Bank
2008
Trade Facilitation
30
151
World Bank
2008
Trade Outcome
34
161
World Bank
2008
The Enabling Trade Index
49
121
World Economic Forum
2009
Networked Readiness Index
46
134
World Economic Forum
2008
Petroleum Production
5
215
International Energy Agency
2008
Petroleum Consumption
2
215
International Energy Agency
2008
Natural Gas Production
13
215
International Energy Agency
2007
Natural Gas Consumption
12
215
International Energy Agency
2007
Coal Production
1
215
International Energy Agency
2007
Coal Consumption
1
215
International Energy Agency
2007
Electricity Net Generation
2
215
International Energy Agency
2006
Electricity Net Consumption
2
215
International Energy Agency
2006
Primary Energy Production
2
215
International Energy Agency
2006
Primary Energy Consumption
2
215
International Energy Agency
2006
Carbon Dioxide Emission
1
215
International Energy Agency
2006
Index
Rankings
Trade Policy
63
External Environment
China Economic World Ranking Report
Size
January 2010
Page 16
Links to Sources:
1.
World Bank, (http://www.worldbank.org/).
2. United Nations, (http://www.un.org/).
3. World Economic Forum, (http://www.weforum.org/).
4. International Institute for Management Development, (http://www.imd.ch/).
5. The Heritage Foundation, (http://www.heritage.org/).
6. The International Monetary Fund, (http://www.imf.org/).
7.
KOF Swiss Economic Institute, (http://www.kof.ethz.ch/).
8. World Trade Organization, (http://www.wto.org/).
9. World Health Organization, (http://www.who.int/).
10. International Telecommunication Union, (http://www.itu.int/).
11. International Energy Agency, (http://www.iea.org/).
12. The People’s Bank of China, (http://www.pbc.gov.cn/).
Note:
1.
The imports and exports rankings of financial services are rankings of Hong Kong, China.
2. Rankings of World Trade Organization are from the 2009 Report, and the latest data on rankings
in the Report are from years 2007 and 2008.
3. Rankings of United Nations and International Telecommunication Union are from 2009 Reports,
and the latest data on rankings in the Reports are from year 2007.
4. Rankings of World Health Organization, International Energy Agency, and The Heritage
Foundation are listed in the actual ranking years.
5. The latest rankings from The International Monetary Fund are from 2008, equivalent to issue 2 of
China Economic World Ranking Report.
6. The latest rankings of Trade Policy, External Environment, Institutional Environment, Trade
Facilitation, and Trade Outcome from World Bank are equivalent to issue 2 of China World
Ranking Report, updates are not available.
7.
The latest rankings of The Enabling Trade Index and Networked Readiness Index are equivalent to
issue 2 of China World Ranking Report, updates are not available.
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Explanatory Note for Indices
Carbon Dioxide Emission: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas that is a normal part of Earth's
atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as well as other processes. It is
considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (infrared energy) radiated by the Earth into the
atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potential for global warming. Emission is the
anthropogenic releases of gases to the atmosphere (e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel
combustion). It is the world carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption and flaring of fossil fuels
in million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
Coal Production and Consumption: The total production and consumption of coal in million
short tons.
Current Account Balance (Billions in USD): Balance on current transactions excluding
exceptional financing. This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings
from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and
worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified.
Economic Globalization: The index is characterized as long distance flows of goods, capital and
services as well as information and perceptions that accompany market exchanges.
Electricity Net Generation: The amount of gross generation less the electrical energy consumed at
the generating station(s) for station service or auxiliaries. Note: Electricity required for pumping at
pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for station service and is deducted from gross
generation.
Exports of Commercial Services: The total US dollar amount of commercial services exports.
Exports of Commercial Services Sans intra-EU Trade: Exports of commercial services
excluding the intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.
Exports and Imports of Audiovisual and Related Services: Imports and exports of audiovisual
and related services, including services and fees related to the production of motion pictures, radio and
television programs, and musical recordings.
Exports and Imports of Communications Services: Imports and exports of communications
services, which includes telecommunications, postal and courier services. Telecommunications
services encompasses the transmission of sound, images or other information by telephone, telex,
telegram, radio and television cable and broadcasting, satellite, electronic mail, facsimile services etc.,
including business network services, teleconferencing and support services. It does not include the
value of the information transported. Also included are cellular telephone services, Internet backbone
services and on-line access services, including provision of access to the Internet.
Exports and Imports of Computer and Information Services: Imports and exports of
computer and information services, that is subdivided into computer services (hardware and software
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Explanatory Note for Indices
related services and data processing services), news agency services (provision of news, photographs,
and feature articles to the media), and other information provision services (database services and web
search portals).
Exports and Imports of Computer Services: Exports and imports of hardware and software
related services and data processing services.
Exports and Imports of Construction: Imports and exports of construction, which covers work
performed on construction projects and installation by employees of an enterprise in locations outside
the territory of the enterprise (the one-year rule to determine residency is to be applied flexibly). In
addition goods used by construction companies for their projects are included which implies that the
"true" services component tends to be overestimated.
Exports and Imports of Financial Services: Imports and exports of financial services, that
covers financial intermediation and auxiliary services provided by banks, stock exchanges, factoring
enterprises, credit card enterprises, and other enterprises.
Exports and Imports of Insurance Services: Imports and exports of insurance services, that
covers the provision of various types of insurance to non residents by resident insurance enterprises,
and vice versa, for example, freight insurance, direct insurance (e.g. life) and reinsurance.
Exports and Imports of Other Business Services: Exports and imports of other business
services, comprising of trade-related services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous
business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public
relations services, advertising, market research and public opinion polling, research and development
services, architectural, engineering, and other technical services, agricultural, mining and on-site
processing.
Exports of Manufactured Goods: Exports and imports of goods produced using primary goods,
including petroleum, steel, textiles, and baked goods.
Exports of Merchandise: The total US dollar amount of merchandise exports. Exports of goods,
not services, also called tangible exports.
Exports of Merchandise Sans intra-EU Trade: Exports of merchandise excluding the
intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.
Exports of Office and Telecom Equipment: Exports of office and telecommunications
equipment.
External Environment: Included in this index are: MA-TTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes
the impact of other countries' trade policies on each country's exports, including preferential rates;
MA-OTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the impact of other countries' trade policies on each
country's exports, including preferential rates and non-tariff measures.
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Explanatory Note for Indices
Financial Development Index: The financial development index ranks 55 of the world's leading
financial systems and capital markets. It analyses the drivers of financial system development and
economic growth in developed and developing countries to serve as a tool for countries to benchmark
themselves and establish priorities for reform. The rankings are based on over 120 variables spanning
institutional and business environments, financial stability, and size and depth of capital markets,
among other factors.
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict
sense are only the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. However,
the term foreign exchange reserves in popular usage (such as this list) commonly includes foreign
exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position as this total figure is more readily available,
however it is accurately deemed as official reserves or international reserves. The list excludes
currency swaps conducted by central banks.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), current prices (Billions in USD): A basic measure of a
country’s economic performance. It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the
borders of a nation in a year.
GDP based on Purchasing-Power-Parity (PPP) (Trillions in Current International
Dollar): A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all
goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the country. This is the
measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living
conditions or use of resources across countries.
GDP based on PPP per capita GDP (Trillions of Current International Dollar): GDP on a
purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
GDP, Constant Price (Annual Percent Change): Annual percentages of constant price GDP are
year-on-year changes; the base year is country-specific.
Gini Index: Measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or consumption) among
individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.
Global Competitiveness Index: A highly comprehensive index for measuring national
competitiveness, which captures the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national
competitiveness.
Human Development Index: The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of
human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated
(measured by adult literacy and enrollment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level) and having a
decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income).
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1): While the HDI measures average achievement, the HPI-1
measures deprivation in the three basic dimensions of human development captured in the HDI: 1. A
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Explanatory Note for Indices
long and healthy life – vulnerability to death at a relatively early age, as measured by the probability at
birth of not surviving to age 40. 2. Knowledge – exclusion from the world of reading and
communications, as measured by the adult illiteracy rate. 3. A decent standard of living – lack of
access to overall economic provisioning, as measured by the un-weighted average of two indicators,
the percentage of the population not using an improved water source and the percentage of children
under weight-for-age.
Imports of Merchandise (Trillions in USD F.O.B): The total US dollar amount of merchandise
imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis.
Imports of Merchandise Sans intra-EU Trade: Imports of merchandise excluding the
intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.
Imports of Commercial Services: The total US dollar amount of commercial services imports.
Imports of services, not goods.
Imports of Commercial Services Sans intra-EU Trade: Imports of commercial services
excluding the intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.
Index of Economic Freedom: A simple average of the 10 individual freedoms. The 10 economic
freedoms are: business freedom, trade freedom, fiscal freedom, government size, monetary freedom,
investment freedom, financial freedom, property rights, freedom from corruption, and labor freedom
Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Annual Percentage Change): Data for inflation are
averages for the year, not end-of-period data. The annual percent change in consumer prices
compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Development Index: ICT stands for
information and communication technologies. Analysis of global ICT developments based on
quantitative indicators ICT Development Index (IDI), incorporates different aspects and lessons
learned, from earlier indices, guided by previous ITU composite indices, such as the Digital Access
Index (DAI), the Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) and the ICT Opportunity Index (ICTOI). The IDI has
been produced as a response to calls by ITU Member States to merge previous ITU indices into a single
index in order to track the digital divide and benchmark information society developments.
Institutional Environment: This category includes The Ease of Doing Business Index which
presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and the protection of property rights that can
be compared across 181 economies. Regulations affecting 10 stages of the life of a business are
measures: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, employing workers, registering
property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts
and closing a business.
Knowledge of Economy Index: An aggregate index representing the overall preparedness of a
country or region towards the Knowledge Economy (KE). The KEI is constructed as the simple average
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Explanatory Note for Indices
of 4 sub-indexes, which represent the 4 pillars of the knowledge economy (economic incentive and
institutional regime (EIR), education and training, innovation and technological adoption,
information and communications technologies (ICT) infrastructure).
Life Expectancy at Birth (years): Life expectancy at birth reflects the overall mortality level of a
population. It summarizes the mortality pattern that prevails across all age groups - children and
adolescents, adults and the elderly. It is defined as the average number of years that a newborn
isexpected to live if current mortality rates continue to apply.
Natural Gas Production: The process of producing consumer-grade natural gas. Natural gas
withdrawn from reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production (lease) site and by processing
losses. Volumes used at the production site include (1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling,
repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; and (2) gas vented and flared. Processing
losses include (1) nonhydrocarbon gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide,
and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream; and (2) gas converted to liquid form, such as lease
condensate and plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not
considered part of production. Dry natural gas production equals marketed production less extraction
loss.
Network Readiness Index: The index records 134 countries worldwide and is a comprehensive
international assessment of the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the
development process and the competitiveness of nations.
Petroleum Production and Consumption: The production of petroleum, which is a broadly
defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils,
refined products obtained from the processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. The
consumption of petroleum approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it
measures the disappearance of these products from primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural
gas-processing plants, blending plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general, product supplied of
each product in any given period is computed as follows: field production, plus refinery production,
plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District basis)
minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.
Population Annual Growth Rate (%): It is used to refer to the growth of the population of the
world.
Population Living Below the Poverty Line: The percentage of people in a country living on less
than USD $1 per day.
Population in Urban Areas: Population in an area characterized by higher population density and
vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it.
Primary Energy Production: Production of primary energy. The Energy Information
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Explanatory Note for Indices
Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal
supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids
production; dry natural gas—excluding supplemental gaseous fuels—production; nuclear electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional hydroelectricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pumpenergy
and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted
to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and wood-derived fuels
consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.
Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption of primary energy. (Energy sources that are
produced from other energy sources—e.g., coal coke from coal—are included in primary energy
consumption only if their energy content has not already been included as part of the original energy
source. Thus, U.S. primary energy consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but not the
coal coke produced from domestic coal.) The Energy Information Administration includes the
following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal consumption; coal coke net imports; petroleum
consumption (petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned
as fuel); dry natural gas—excluding supplemental gaseous fuels—consumption; nuclear electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional hydroelectricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump
energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and
wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; fuel ethanol and biodiesel
consumption; losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity
net imports (converted to Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour).
Royalties and License Fees: Payments and receipts for the use of intangible non-financial assets
and proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises.
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment – at Home (Billions in USD): This entry gives the
cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment
excludes investment through purchase of shares.
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment – Abroad (Billions in USD): This entry gives the
cumulative US dollar value of all investments in foreign countries made directly by residents primarily companies - of the home country, as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct
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Explanatory Note for Indices
investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.
The Enabling Trade Index: ETI is a comprehensive index intended to capture the full range of
issues that contribute to impeding trade, ranking nations according to factors that facilitate the free
flow of goods across national borders and to destination.
Trade Facilitation:This category includes the LPI - Overall - The Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
which reflects the overall perception of a country’s logistics based on over 1,000 responses to a survey
of logistics performance.
Trade Outcome:This category includes the Real growth in total trade Index. It is calculated as the
average annual growth rate of the total exports and imports in goods and services at constant 2000
U.S. dollars. This indicator reflects the trade expansion of a country over the period.
Trade Policy:Included in this index are: Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index, TTRI - All Goods
whichsummarizes the impact of each country's non-discriminatory trade policies on its aggregate
imports; OTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the impact of each country's non-discriminatory
trade policies on its aggregate imports; TTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the impact of each
country's trade policies on its aggregate imports; OTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the
impact of each country's trade policies on its aggregate imports.
World Competitiveness:The 2009 overall rankings for 57 economies. The economies are ranked
from the most to the least competitive.
China Economic Databases, National Chengchi University
Website: http://ics.nccu.edu.tw/ced/
Address: Graduate Institute of Development Studies,
No.64, Sec.2, Chi Nan Road, Wen Shan District, Taipei, Taiwan 11605.
Telephone: +886-2-2939-7291 Fax: +886-2-2234-0056
To download this file, please go to
http://ics.nccu.edu.tw/ced/
http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~ctung/CN/cea.html
Please contact Amy T. Mah with any questions or comments at ced@nccu.edu.tw
China Economic World Ranking Report
January 2010