East-West Technology and Development Institute
INFOTFCH
EAST-WEST C E N T E R
Q U A R T E R L Y NEWSLETTER
Vol. 1 No. 3
Results in Specific Research Proposals
by Fredrich Burian
Representatives of some t w e n t y opissues, p r o b l e m s a n d w a y s o f
erating
information
resources a m o n g
tions
in
p r o j e c t n e t w o r k s w e r e d i s c u s s e d at t h e
New
Zealand,
Institute-sponsored
Technology
Re-
U n i t e d S t a t e s m e t in an E n t r e p r e n e u r -
source
Acquisition
and
ial
sharing
Information
Dissemination
(TRIAD)
Project Plan-
n i n g W o r k s h o p h e l d J u n e 9 — 2 0 . Information
12
management
institutions
gional
specialists
that sponsor the
Adaptive Technology
Re-
India,
Indonesia,
Philippines
institu-
p a t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s are n o w p r o c e e d i n g
to
refine
and
w o r k s h o p , in p r e p a r a t i o n f o r l a u n c h These w o r k s h o p proposals f o r m the
c o r e of a W o r k s h o p r e p o r t f i n a l i z e d at
6.
the
Against
tional
a
background
presentations
of
Institute
and mailed out
propo-
and discussions,
sals, in t h e i r v a r i o u s stages o f
refine-
tive
institutions
borative,
shop, and to
cooperative
activities
groups
which
action-oriented
sought
research
to
is
t h r o u g h the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of i n f o r m a -
needed
tion sharing networks.
i n i t i a t i v e s in l o w - i n c o m e c o m m u n i t i e s ,
The
initial
week
of
the
Planning
W o r k s h o p was d e v o t e d t o d e t e r m i n i n g
to strengthen
the
participants, c o m m e n d i n g the
identify priority topics on which colla-
working
to
institu-
to
their
the
vened by the Institute M a y 19—June
teams
tending
by
ing o f a c t i o n - r e s e a r c h .
and L o w - C o s t Housing ( L C H ) project
ex-
formulated
re-
and
the
proposals
working
search
ment, to
prospect of
elaborate
Malaysia,
Research Planning W o r k s h o p c o n -
from
(RATC)
agencies a n d research
the participants divided themselves in-
examined the
1975
Entrepreneurship Planning Workshop
Information
Specialists Plot
Networking Strategies
The
SUMMER
entrepreneurial
and to improve selectivity among program elements.
the a t t e n t i o n
review
national
of
and construc-
the administrators
r e p r e s e n t e d in t h e
international
policy-makers
of
Work-
as w e l l as
and
research
sponsors.
For
each
research p r o j e c t ,
it
was
r e c o m m e n d e d that a designated insti-
status o f i n f o r m a t i o n ac-
S e v e n w o r k s h o p p r o p o s a l s f o r inter-
quisition, processing and disseminating
i n s t i t u t i o n a l m u l t i - c o u n t r y research o n
activities of
R A T C and L C H network
t h e f o l l o w i n g issues e v o l v e d a n d w e r e
institutional multi-country effort. The
institutions.
D u r i n g this week, teams
adopted, namely:
1. The Entrepreneur: His Identification,
Selection and Development
2. Action Research on General Education for Entrepreneurship
3. The Development and Testing of
Instructional Material for the SmallScale Entrepreneur
4. Project Opportunities and Initiation
5. Entrepreneurial Development in Rural Areas, Especially Small Farm Regions
6. Development and Transfer of Appropriate Technology
7. Cross-National Evaluation of Entrepreneur Development Programs
Technology
the current
r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e f a r - f l u n g p r o j e c t sites
(Continued on page 4.)
Fred Burian explains TRIAD network.
V\tS)
\
W o r k s h o p participants
n a m e d spe-
c i f i c topics, a m o n g the above priority
II
tution
take
proposal
the
and
lead in r e f i n i n g
coordinating
and
an
Development
the
interInsti-
tute expects to respond positively
to
such
to
institutional
innovative
initiatives,
administrative
and
steps
that
m a y be p r o p o s e d b y lead i n s t i t u t i o n s
in o r d e r t o l a u n c h t h e w o r k .
T h e b i r t h of these a c t i o n - r e s e a r c h
proposals
and
the
Workshop
which
p r o d u c e d t h e m are t h e f i r s t steps in a n
agenda
of
international
research de-
signed t o i m p r o v e p r o g r a m s a n d m e t h ods for
strengthening
entrepreneurial
d e v e l o p m e n t in l o w - i n c o m e c o m m u n i ties.
Research Associate R i c h a r d Morse,
issues, o n w h i c h t h e y a n t i c i p a t e a c t i v e
project coordinator for the
research c o l l a b o r a t i o n o n t h e p a r t
of
e n t r e p r e n e u r i a l p r o g r a m area, said the
F o r each
e x p e r i e n c e a n d ideas o f t h e W o r k s h o p
their respective institutions.
research
area,
the
Workshop
recom-
Institute's
p a r t i c i p a n t s o n these s u b s t a n t i v e p r o -
mended a specific c o o r d i n a t i n g institu-
g r a m areas w i l l
be of great v a l u e t o
tion and procedures for project imple-
those
in
mentation.
endeavor.
Coordinating
and
partici-
engaged
this
collaborative
INSTITUTE BUYS
C I N V A - R A M MACHINE
The
Institute
purchased
a
Cinva-
r a m m a c h i n e w h i c h w i l l be used b y t h e
project
team
to
make
soil-cement
Shown here experimenting with the
Cinva-Ram machine
is Dr. Peter Ho of
the University of
Hawaii Department
of Civil Engineering,
as he lifts the first
soil cement block
produced
by
the
machine.
b l o c k s . T h e C i n v a - r a m is an e x c e l l e n t
e x a m p l e of s m a l l - s c a l e , l a b o r i n t e n s i v e
t e c h n o l o g y w h i c h has b e e n used e x t e n sively in t h e P h i l i p p i n e s in the m a k i n g
of
soil-cement
blocks.
Two
trained
o p e r a t o r s are a b l e t o p r o d u c e m a n u a l ly b e t w e e n 3 5 0 a n d 4 0 0 b l o c k s in an
eight-hour shift.
The prototype
h o u s e w i l l be c o n -
s t r u c t e d in a series of stages. T h e basic
structure
viable
will
be d e m o n s t r a t e d
low-cost
housing
as a
alternative,
a n d progressive m o d i f i c a t i o n s w i l l i n d i c a t e its a d a p t a b i l i t y
t o the m o d e r a t e -
income housing market. Energy efficie n t s y s t e m s w i l l also be i n t r o d u c e d as
an e x e r c i s e in a d a p t i v e t e c h n o l o g y a n d
ecological consciousness. The
project
w i l l be c a r e f u l l y d o c u m e n t e d
through
its v a r i o u s phases in o r d e r t o o b t a i n a
better
idea of t h e s u c c e s s f u l e l e m e n t s
of the project c y c l e for f u t u r e application.
Several
of
the
scholars will
Institute's
degree
also p a r t i c i p a t e
in
this
p r o j e c t in a v a r i e t y of r o l e s .
Institute on TV Program
Explores Institutional
Cooperation on New Project
D i r e c t o r M a n u a l S. A l b a , A s s i s t a n t
Director
Louis J . G o o d m a n and Syed
Zaigham
Jaffery
(MS,
Architecture)
discussed the Institute's low-cost housing p r o j e c t o n a K H E T
(Channel
11)
t e l e v i s i o n p r o g r a m M a y 5.
KHET
East-West
on
its
has
inaugurated
Center
"Hawaii
a
television
Now"
weekly
program
program.
The
brief w e e k l y p r o g r a m f e a t u r e s t h e C e n ter's project
sentations
activities
by
and other
pre-
E W C participants.
Pro-
g r a m m i n g is h a n d l e d b y t h e O f f i c e o f
Publications and Public Affairs.
C o s t H o u s i n g T e c h n o l o g y P r o j e c t has
been e x p a n d e d to include a tripartite
cooperative
housing
project
with
in
State
of
Hawaii,
active
from
the
Hawaii C o m m u n i t y
the
input
Design
Center ( H C D C ) , the University of Hawaii's Department of Civil Engineering
(UHCE),
and
the
Institute's
project
t e a m . T h e goal o f t h i s p r o j e c t
construction
cement
of
house
a
is t h e
prototype
soil-
self-help
labor
using
a n d l o c a l l y a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l s . T h i s is
a
Brara Publishes Book
A b o o k w r i t t e n by a f o r m e r
A s a result o f a series o f m e e t i n g s in
J u l y and A u g u s t , the Institute's L o w -
potential
crisis
East-
solution
which
to
confronts
the
housing
Hawaii's
low
and moderate income families.
West C e n t e r p a r t i c i p a n t has been p u b -
The
lished by Parker P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y
excellent
of N e w Y o r k . A r v i n d e r S i n g h B r a r a , an
technological dissemination and adap-
East-West
tation.
ment
date
Technology
and
Develop-
I n s t i t u t e m a s t e r ' s degree c a n d i in
business a d m i n i s t r a t i o n
August
1970
a u t h o r e d Practical
People,
to
October
Guide
to
from
1973,
Managing
w h i l e at the I n s t i t u t e . H e w a s
assisted in t h e p r o j e c t
by Dr. Eugene
of
this
case s t u d y
HCDC
project
of
the
is
an
role
of
is c o m p o s e d o f
Vista
volunteer architects and administrators
1975
l o w cost of $ 5 , 5 0 0 .
HCDC
staff
members
participated
in t h e H a w a i i phase o f t h e I n s t i t u t e ' s
Low-Cost Housing Roving Workshop I
held
in
January
interested
being
conducted
University
Prof.
and
they
became
in t h e s o i l - c e m e n t r e s e a r c h
at
Mindanao
( M S U ) in t h e
Louis
State
Philippines.
J. Goodman,
Low-Cost
Housing Project C o o r d i n a t o r , had cont r i b u t e d substantially to the development of soil-cement building materials
as a
Ford
MSU
in t h e
also
Foundation consultant
late
1960's, and
a Roving Workshop
at
UHCE,
participant,
e x p r e s s e d w i l l i n g n e s s t o use t h e i r e x pertise
and
facilities
to
insure
the
q u a l i t y of t h e s o i l - c e m e n t b l o c k s t o be
produced.
The tripartite cooperative
partner-
w h o have l o n g b e e n a c t i v e in t h e e f f o r t
ship
to
a s s u m i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e design
secure l o w - c o s t
housing
for
low-
was
thus
formed,
with
HCDC
i n c o m e f a m i l i e s in t h e S t a t e of H a w a i i .
features,
They
House
c o n t r o l aspects a n d the I n s t i t u t e c o m -
wood
m i t t i n g staff f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l e x p e r t i s e
model
designed the
at
Minimum
Waimanalo,
on
a
framehouse built on a self-help labor
Richman.
2 INFOTECH . SUMMER
origin
basis f o r a l o c a l c o m m u n i t y g r o u p at a
UHCE
handling the
and d o c u m e n t a t i o n .
quality
—A. McCullough
Ben Finney Receives NSF Award
Institute Students
Pursue Tourism Impact
Study, Economics
For Polynesian Marine Research
Institute
Ben
Research
Associate,
F i n n e y , was recently
$9,800-grant
from
the
Dr.
awarded a
National
Sci-
e n c e F o u n d a t i o n f o r research w o r k o n
Polynesian
grant
marine
will
ments
technology.
support
to
be
with
will
be
used t o
develop
more
precise m o d e l s o f p r e h i s t o r i c v o y a g i n g
patterns
and
communication
in
the
canoe
was
Pacific.
The
a series of e x p e r i -
conducted
ered
The
60-foot
voyaging
b u i l t by the P o l y n e s i a n V o y a g i n g S o c i -
two
ety, a non-profit c o m m u n i t y organiza-
d o u b l e - h u l l e d c a n o e s f r o m w h i c h pre-
t i o n . T h e c a n o e w i l l leave M a y 1, 1 9 7 6
cise d a t a o n s a i l i n g s p e e d ,
sailing ability
and other
windward
performance
f o r T a h i t i a n d r e t u r n in 1 9 7 6 as p a r t
of
H a w a i i ' s c e l e b r a t i o n of the
Bicen-
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s w i l l be o b t a i n e d . A 4 0 -
t e n n i a l . P o l y n e s i a n t e c h n o l o g y w i l l be
f o o t r e p l i c a of an 1 8 t h c e n t u r y H a w a i -
d u p l i c a t e d as c l o s e l y as p o s s i b l e o n t h e
ian
voyage.
interisland
canoe and
a
60-foot
r e p l i c a o f an a n c i e n t P o l y n e s i a n v o y a g ing c a n o e w i l l
ments.
be used in t h e e x p e r i -
Because
large
double-canoes
The
sails w i l l
pandanus
mats;
the
navigated
without
the
be
made
of
canoe
will
be
aid of
instru-
ments and maps; and only Polynesian
d i s a p p e a r e d l o n g ago f r o m P o l y n e s i a n
voyaging foods will
w a t e r s , these e x p e r i m e n t s w i l l
the C u l t u r e L e a r n i n g Institute and the
an u n p a r a l l e l e d o p p o r t u n i t y
provide
to discov-
Technology
and
be c a r r i e d . B o t h
Development
Insti-
Kevin Colden, Laurence Fukunaga
a n d M r . S u p a r m o k o , degree s t u d e n t s ,
j o i n e d the I n s t i t u t e i n J u n e . C o l d e n , a
student
from
is c u r r e n t l y
Clintonville, Wisconsin,
e n r o l l e d in an a c c e l e r a t e d
J a p a n e s e c o u r s e at t h e
Hawaii.
He
will
University
of
b e g i n his s t u d i e s
in
business a d m i n i s t r a t i o n
in t h e f a l l se-
m e s t e r . C o l d e n ' s m a j o r interest at t h e
I n s t i t u t e is in t h e i m p a c t o f t o u r i s m o n
development
tries.
of
Pacific
Recently
University
of
Island
graduated
coun-
from
W i s c o n s i n at
the
Stout
in
hotel
m a n a g e m e n t , he served as s t u -
dent
coordinator
or the
publication,
" A n n a l s of T o u r i s m R e s e a r c h . "
Fukunaga,
geography
a
from
graduate
student
in
H o n o l u l u , has b e e n
er e x a c t l y h o w these c r a f t s w e r e sailed
t u t e w i l l j o i n in t h e B i c e n t e n n i a l p r o j -
a n d h a n d l e d . T h e research d a t a g a t h -
p a r t i c i p a t i n g in D r . B e n F i n n e y ' s p r o j -
ect
ect,
through
pant
Institute Seeks UNEP
Collaboration on Book
T h e I n s t i t u t e has b e e n r e q u e s t e d b y
the U n i t e d N a t i o n s E n v i r o n m e n t Programme
(UNEP)
forthcoming
man
to
collaborate
b o o k . Strategies
Settlements.
in a
for
A chapter
Hu-
entitled,
" L o w - C o s t Housing Technology: Prob-
fellowships
grants t o
and
navigation
partici-
and sailing
Regional Development
experts f r o m T a h i t i , H a w a i i , Microne-
Pacific
sia a n d N e w Z e a l a n d , w h o w i l l be t h e
t u t e degree s t u d e n t , h e w i l l
key crew members on the voyage.
w o r k i n g on this project.
Finney
recently
edited
g r a p h o n this s u b j e c t : Pacific
and Navigation,
a
Planning,
I m p a c t of T o u r i s m o n D e v e l o p m e n t of
Island c o u n t r i e s .
A s an
Insti-
continue
mono-
S u p a r m o k o , a lecturer o n the Fac-
Voyaging
u l t y of E c o n o m i c s , G a d j a h M a d a U n i -
published this year by
versity,
Yogyakarta,
the P o l y n e s i a n S o c i e t y of W e l l i n g t o n ,
joined
New Zealand.
gree c a n d i d a t e
the
be s t u d y i n g
Indonesia,
has
I n s t i t u t e as a m a s t e r ' s d e in e c o n o m i c s . H e w i l l
development
economics.
l e m s , Issues a n d a P r o p o s e d S o l u t i o n , "
has b e e n p r e p a r e d at t h e I n s t i t u t e .
was c o - a u t h o r e d
Poerbo, project
by
It
Professor Hasan
director for
Institute
of T e c h n o l o g y B a n d u n g in I n d o n e s i a ,
Senior
Fellow
Dr.
Albert
Dietz,
of
M I T ; Institute Director Louis J . G o o d man
and
Documentation
Specialist
Fred Burian.
T h e b o o k w i l l be p u b l i s h e d b y t h e
U n i v e r s i t y Press of H a w a i i a n d w i l l be
available
as a r e s o u r c e
HABITAT,
material
for
The United Nations Con-
f e r e n c e o n H u m a n S e t t l e m e n t s t o be
held
in
Vancouver
Conference
meeting will
May-June,
materials
for
1976.
this
global
be d e s i g n e d t o be p r a c t i -
cal a n d u s e f u l , suggesting a p p r o a c h e s
and c o m b i n a t i o n s of techniques w h i c h
c a n be a d a p t e d t o m e e t t h e n e e d s o f
human
settlements
in m a n y
parts of
the w o r l d .
UNEP
Institute
is also e x p l o r i n g
the
multi-media
Cost
ence.
with
the
possibility
of
having a
presentation
of
its
Housing
project
at t h e
Low-
confer-
Mendl W. Djunaidy (extreme left) Institute Program Officer for Education, gives orientation
talk to new degree scholars Lawrence Fukunaga (standing), Suparmoko and Kevin Colden
(both seated).
SUMMER 1975. INFOTECH
3
o
Published
by
Technology
stitute,
Information Management .
(Continued from page 1.)
work
g r a p h i c s t o d e p i c t c u r r e n t site a c t i v i -
try extension networks.
t i e s . A n assessment w a s also m a d e o f
the
the i n f o r m a t i o n
East-West
Center,
presentations,
96822.
sions
are
available
the
free
Institute's
of
from
Materials C o l l e c t i o n , Lin-
Re-
ing t h e
c o l n 4 2 5 . N e w s and editorial c o n are w e l c o m e d . A l l c o r -
the
E d i t o r , at t h e a b o v e a d -
dress.
Manuel S. Alba, Director
Fred J . Burian,
TRIAD * Project
Coordinator
of
to
Environment
New
Housing
California
State
addressed
problems
confronting
York
the
Gall, from
Photographer
NET
for
('Technology Resource Information
Acquisition and Dissemination)
v e l o p e d at t h e
proto-type
able
ment
and
potentials
establishment
technology
IDRC/Canada's
Institution
information/resource
identified
of
a
infor-
on currently-available
and
manpower
projections
of
sessions c o n d u c t e d
participants
Low-Cost
in
the
RATC
Housing team
the v i a b i l i t y
William
Development
to
is a n a t i o n a l e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n
estab-
relations
Pacific through cooperative study, training and research."
E a c h y e a r t h e E a s t - W e s t C e n t e r b r i n g s t o g e t h e r m o r e t h a n 1,500 m e n a n d
w o m e n f r o m t h e m a n y n a t i o n s a n d c u l t u r e s o f these r e g i o n s . T h e y w o r k a n d
exchanging
ideas
and
experiences
in
evaluate
infor-
m a t i o n sharing n e t w o r k .
RATC
Team
Defines General
cooperative
programs seeking solutions to i m p o r t a n t p r o b l e m s of m u t u a l c o n c e r n to East
a n d W e s t . F o r e a c h p a r t i c i p a n t f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s in C e n t e r p r o g r a m s ,
t w o p a r t i c i p a n t s are s o u g h t f r o m t h e m o r e t h a n 60 c o u n t r i e s a n d t e r r i t o r i e s in
Asia and the Pacific area.
Five institutes w i t h international, interdisciplinary academic and profes-
Prob-
lems.
T h e R A T C teams isolated problems
Division, Georgia Institute of T e c h n o l -
l i s h e d in H a w a i i b y t h e U . S . C o n g r e s s in 1960 t o " p r o m o t e b e t t e r
while
the
and
TECHNO-
and u n d e r s t a n d i n g between the U n i t e d States and the nations of A s i a and the
together
by
team
o f e s t a b l i s h i n g an
of e s t a b l i s h i n g an R A T C
Information
levels: t h e
agreed t h a t a great
information
study
and
future
T h e last t h r e e d a y s w e r e d e v o t e d t o
planning
RATCs
CENTER
were
t h r o u g h t h e use o f a ques-
E x c h a n g e N e t w o r k at t w o
EAST-WEST
manage-
t i o n n a i r e t o assess f u t u r e needs based
programs.
Fresno,
East-West Center and
c a p a c i t i e s in t h e n e t w o r k
Internation-
ogy, A t l a n t a , discussed their agency's
THE
informa-
their relevance to the n e t w o r k s . A v a i l -
Technology,
Singapore and Mr.
Johnston,
several
hardware,
University,
housing
T h e second week of the W o r k s h o p
assessed
and
mation exchange network. Dr. William
Macaria A. Agtane, Editor
Daniel de Castro,
Nations
(UNEP),
Institute
low-cost
four
information
D r . S a m u e l P. L y l e s o f t h e
al
of
dedicated
Dr. Eric C a r l s o n represent-
United
Programme
r e s p o n d e n c e s h o u l d be a d d r e s s e d
discus-
representatives
agencies
technology
diffusion.
in e s t a b l i s h i n g s m a l l - s c a l e i n d u s -
t i o n a n d d a t a d i f f u s i o n strategies d e -
responses and
by
stimulating
source
to
led
international
charge
tributions
to
H i g h l i g h t o f t h e w e e k was a d a y o f
1777
East-West R o a d , Honolulu, Hawaii
Copies
diffusion capacity
s u p p o r t these a c t i v i t i e s .
and Development In-
East-West
used video tapes, f i l m s , slides, and flat
resource of
untapped
information,
resources a n d needs w i t h i n e a c h u n i versity
organization
and local clients
s h o u l d be i d e n t i f i e d . N a t i o n a l s o u r c e s
and international sources of
informa-
t i o n s h o u l d c o n t i n u e t o be d e v e l o p e d .
This w o u l d mean that the local sources
of
information
have
to
be
strength-
ened such that the R A T C s can m a k e
use o f t h e a v a i l a b l e r e l e v a n t
informa-
t i o n in t h e i r r e g i o n o f o p e r a t i o n b e f o r e
resorting to external sources of
infor-
mation.
programs.
In i d e n t i f y i n g t h e h a r d w a r e n e e d s ,
East-West areas o n w h i c h C e n t e r p r o g r a m s are f o c u s e d i n c l u d e c o m m u n i c a -
the group specified current and future
t i o n across n a t i o n a l
utilization
sional
staffs
conduct
the
East-West Center's problem-oriented
barriers, culture
a n d language l e a r n i n g , f o o d s y s t e m s ,
population dynamics, and technological adaptation
in d e v e l o p m e n t a l
pro-
audiences
of
information
a c q u i s i t i o n , p r o d u c t i o n and dissemina-
cesses a i m e d at i m p r o v i n g t h e q u a l i t y o f l i f e . E a c h y e a r t h e C e n t e r a w a r d s a
tion.
In t e r m s o f n e w m e d i a p r o d u c -
l i m i t e d n u m b e r of O p e n G r a n t s f o r g r a d u a t e degree e d u c a t i o n a n d i n n o v a t i v e
tion
facilities,
research b y S e n i o r F e l l o w s in areas n o t e n c o m p a s s e d b y i n s t i t u t e
programs.
m e n d e d the acquisition of p h o t o g r a p h -
T h e C e n t e r is d i r e c t e d b y t h e B o a r d o f G o v e r n o r s of a p u b l i c ,
non-profit
e d u c a t i o n a l c o r p o r a t i o n — k n o w n as " T h e C e n t e r f o r C u l t u r a l a n d T e c h n i c a l
Interchange
Between
L e g i s l a t u r e in
1975.
East and West, Inc."—created
by
the
Hawaii State
T h e U . S . C o n g r e s s p r o v i d e s basic f u n d i n g f o r C e n t e r
programs and a variety
of s c h o l a r s h i p s , f e l l o w s h i p s , i n t e r n s h i p s a n d o t h e r
a w a r d s . A d d i t i o n a l c o s t - s h a r i n g o f p r o g r a m s a n d p a r t i c i p a n t s is w o r k e d o u t
with
Asian/Pacific governments,
regional
agencies, private enterprise
and
f o u n d a t i o n s . T h e C e n t e r is s i t u a t e d o n l a n d a d j a c e n t t o a n d p r o v i d e d b y t h e
University
of
degree-seeking
Hawaii,
which
conducts
East-West Center
students
Center's problem-oriented programs.
classes
who
and
grants
a l s o are
degrees
involved
in
the
RATCs
recom-
ic a n d v i d e o t a p e f a c i l i t i e s as t h e i r f i r s t
priority.
R A T C Network Recommendations
A . T h e Institute's role for the first t w o
y e a r s as s p e l l e d o u t
at the
Work-
s h o p are:
(1)
T o seek f i n a n c i a l
the i m m e d i a t e
for
RATC
the
support
operation of
information
for
an
s h a r i n g net-
work,
(2)
To
take
c h a r g e of
compiling
(Continued at right.)
4 INFOTECH • SUMMER
1975
bibliographies and directories of
(2) P a r t i c i p a t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s s h o u l d
i n t e r n a t i o n a l s o u r c e s of i n f o r m a -
provide
tion,
iodic inventories of
vided
is r e l e v a n t
softwares
specific
s u c h as m i c r o f i c h e , s l i d e s , m i c r o -
network
films,
tions
initially
provide
xeroxed
materials
further dissemina-
(3) T o i n s u r e t h a t i n f o r m a t i o n p r o -
dissemination and maintenance,
To
and
to
a
should
make
in t h e d e s i g n , p r o d u c t i o n
t i o n a n d as t h e n e e d arises,
t i o n a m o n g user g r o u p s ,
facilitate
generation
dissemination
dertake
shops, seminars and conferences.
information
are
(2)
fiche
manpower,
space
To
supply
the
Institute
the
cost
acquisition
of
from
not
equipped
and
which
with
microfilm
microfacilities
them
for further d o c u m e n t a t i o n activ-
with
ity,
research r e s u l t s ,
(4) T o c o o r d i n a t e w i t h o t h e r
(6)
RATC
Efforts
u n i t s in t h e a c q u i s i t i o n a n d dis-
acquire
s e m i n a t i o n of i n f o r m a t i o n ,
for
should
be
made
compatible
to
equipment
the p r o d u c t i o n of
materials
u s i n g v i d e o in t h e n e t w o r k
(5) T o p r o v i d e t h e I n s t i t u t e lists o f
(The
relevant journals and other mate-
g r o u p r e c o g n i z e d t h e use o f v i d -
rials w h i c h
eo
are n o t e a s i l y a v a i l -
L C H Team Defines General Problems
The
providing
operations to
information
a valuable
experimental
T R I A D Participants
L C H Network Teams defined
scope of
as
s t r a t e g y in c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) .
a b l e in e a c h R A T C .
their
cover
should consider including
and other physical requirements,
(3)
to
(5) P a r t i c i p a t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s
(1) T o p r o v i d e c o u n t e r p a r t f u n d i n g ,
provide
informa-
their o w n resources,
infor-
m a t i o n sharing n e t w o r k :
To
of
(4) M e m b e r i n s t i t u t i o n s s h o u l d u n -
and
e x c h a n g e o f ideas t h r o u g h w o r k B. P r o p o s e d role of the R A T C
the
distinc-
and
To
group's
needs, members of
other forms of resource informa(5)
per-
information
t i o n to the n e t w o r k ,
following
areas o f a c q u i s i t i o n , p r o d u c t i o n ,
(4)
Institute w i t h
materials for
(3) T o p e r i o d i c a l l y c o n d u c t t r a i n i n g
o n n e e d basis f o r t h e
the
include
services t o
a
RATC/Small-Scale
work
Team:
State
University:
Industries
Net-
Philippines—Mindanao
Reneriano
Soliva,
w i d e range o f r e s e a r c h a n d e x t e n s i o n
Beatriz
activities
U n i v e r s i t y of t h e P h i l i p p i n e s I n s t i t u t e
in
their
institutions.
They
C.
Kaamino,
agreed t h a t t h e r e is an u r g e n t n e e d t o
of
form
C a n e l a ; Korea—Yeungnam
a
worldwide
network
to
ex-
Small-Scale
Emilio
Industries:
Gapit;
Eduardo
University:
change experiences and knowledge o n
Sun
Ho-Choi, W u - Y o u n g Lee; Soong
c o m m o n p r o b l e m s s u c h as u t i l i z a t i o n
Jun
U n i v e r s i t y : E u n g K y u k P a r k ; In-
of indigenous materials, innovative and
donesia—Nurdin
socially accepted design c o n c e p t s , pub-
P a n e t t o ; Thailand—Khon
lic h e a l t h f a c t o r s , l a n d o w n e r s h i p pat-
sity: B o o n t h a m Tesna, Kasem Prabrip-
t e r n s , e t c . T h e I n s t i t u t e was r e q u e s t e d
utaloong.
t o p r o v i d e i n i t i a l s u p p o r t in g e n e r a t i n g
Dr. Samuel P. Lyles
Indonesia—
a n d also t o act as a t e m p o r a r y c l e a r i n g
nology:
house
pines-U.
presently
the
by
information
nications:
land—Asian
ulated their ultimate intention of tak-
Jeanne Brand.
maintenance of
themselves for
the
a viable c o m m u n i c a -
tions l i n k a m o n g the institutions.
versity
Effective
anisms
institutional
such
mech-
as a s s i g n m e n t
Institute of
of
of
Georgia
Thai-
Technology:
t/S.-Alabama
Byrd;
Technology:
L C H Team Recommendations:
(1)
Reynaldo Guioguio;
Others:
Taylor
Philip-
P. I n s t i t u t e o f Mass C o m m u -
institution.
responsibility
each
B a n d u n g Institute of T e c h -
Djauhari Sumintardja;
H o w e v e r , the participants clearly articing
held
resource
Rachman
Kaen Univer-
Low-Cost Housing Network T e a m :
external f u n d i n g to begin the n e t w o r k ,
for
Yatim,
A & M :
Institute
of
Richard Johnston; Uni-
H a w a i i : Peter H o , Douglas
S o l o m o n ; Hawaii C o m m u n i t y
Design
C e n t e r : D a v i d F i r t h ; East-West
Center:
Communications
Institute:
David
J.
specific persons to assume func-
Radel, Sumiye Konoshima, Carol Ar-
tions
nold,
related
exchange
and
to
informationdissemination
Dr. Eric Carlson
John
Development
Shklov. Technology
Institute:
Manuel
and
S.
Marian
Inouye,
Daniel deCastro, A n -
s h o u l d be d e v e l o p e d b y all p a r t i -
A l b a , Louis J . G o o d m a n , Bruce K o p -
drew
cipating institutions.
pel,
Myron Blackman.
George
Duggar,
M.
A.
Agtane,
McCullough, Syed
Z.
Jaffery,
SUMMER 1975. INFOTECH
5
Information Sharing: Issues and Problems
(Excerpts
of a paper
TRIAD
presented
Planning
by David Radel
at the
Workshop)
t h a n t h e y are g e t t i n g , o t h e r s are s u f f e r i n g f r o m t h e e f f e c t s
o f t h e " i n f o r m a t i o n e x p l o s i o n . " M o s t i n f o r m a t i o n u n i t s are
In all m a j o r
tion,
p r o b l e m areas—food p r o d u c t i o n ,
small-scale
change
is
paved
industrial
through
development—the
research
projects
populaway
and
for
pilot
s e n d i n g m a t e r i a l s t o , o r o t h e r w i s e s e r v i c i n g , t h e needs o f
key
national
leaders, f o r e i g n
advisors and
international
a g e n c y p e r s o n n e l w h i l e large n u m b e r s o f m i d d l e a n d l o w e r
s c h e m e s . If i n f o r m a t i o n g e n e r a t e d t h r o u g h t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s is
level p r o g r a m s t a f f are s t a r v i n g f o r t e c h n i c a l
g o i n g t o be w i d e l y u s e d , it (1) m u s t reach t h o s e w h o c a n use
related to their w o r k . Painstaking efforts and local coopera-
it a n d (2) m u s t b e u t i l i z a b l e , t h a t is, relevant t o users'
t i o n are r e q u i r e d i n o r d e r t o i d e n t i f y a n d serve
p r o b l e m s a n d t o t h e k i n d s o f c h a n g e s t h a t t h e y have t h e
clients in these groups.
authority
and ability
to
implement.
T h e focus of
c. L i t t l e t a r g e t i n g of i n f o r m a t i o n .
this
information
potential
Often a "shotgun"
d i s c u s s i o n is n e c e s s a r i l y l i m i t e d t o p r o b l e m s i n t h e w a y s
a p p r o a c h is used b y i n f o r m a t i o n u n i t s , i n d i c a t i v e again o f
currently
their
b e i n g used t o get i n f o r m a t i o n t o p r o f e s s i o n a l s ,
disregard for t h o r o u g h audience analysis. T h e same
m a t e r i a l s are f r e q u e n t l y sent t o p e o p l e w i t h v a s t l y d i f f e r e n t
practitioners, and policy-makers.
jobs
a n d at
varying
levels o f
responsibility.
Very
few
The Basic Problem with Information Agencies/Units: Lack
i n f o r m a t i o n u n i t s have d e v e l o p e d p r o f i l e s o f c l i e n t i n f o r m a -
of C o m m u n i c a t i o n O r i e n t a t i o n
t i o n needs f o r i n d i v i d u a l i z e d i n f o r m a t i o n d i s s e m i n a t i o n .
The
lack
of
genuinely
two-way
communication
h a n d i c a p or prevent t h e effective u t i l i z a t i o n
d . L i t t l e s y s t e m a t i c f e e d b a c k a b o u t services. O c c a s i o n a l -
will
of research
ly i n f o r m a t i o n
units c o n d u c t
r e a d e r s h i p o r user s u r v e y s ,
findings a n d other k n o w l e d g e . A k e y element in the process
a l t h o u g h n o t as m a n y as t h e y s h o u l d . A l m o s t n o i n f o r m -
o f c o m m u n i c a t i o n b e t w e e n p r o d u c e r s a n d users o f i n f o r m a -
a t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s are ever p r e t e s t e d w i t h r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f
tion
t h e u l t i m a t e c l i e n t a u d i e n c e , y e t f e e d b a c k is essential i f a n
is a n i n f o r m a t i o n
information
agency/unit.
A n examination
of
units shows, u n f o r t u n a t e l y , a widespread fail-
ure t o p u t basic c o m m u n i c a t i o n p r i n c i p l e s i n t o p r a c t i c e .
a. L i t t l e assessment of a u d i e n c e n e e d s . E v i d e n c e f r o m
information
enables
u n i t is g o i n g t o serve its c l i e n t s e f f e c t i v e l y . It
the information
provider
to
know
whether
his
image o f user needs is c o r r e c t .
e.
studies o f s u c c e s s f u l r e s e a r c h u t i l i z a t i o n suggests t h a t c l o s e
Lack
of
effective p r o m o t i o n
of s e r v i c e s . In
many
i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e managers o f i n f o r m a t i o n u n i t s a n d
cases t h e r e ' s a d e a r t h o f i n f o r m a t i o n o n w h a t i n f o r m a t i o n is
their
a v a i l a b l e . E v e n large i n f o r m a t i o n
c l i e n t s is essential f o r e f f e c t i v e
use o f t h e services
no
of i n f o r m a t i o n u n i t s .
s t a t i n g w h a t services are a v a i l a b l e a n d u n d e r w h a t c i r c u m -
b. A c c e s s l a r g e l y l i m i t e d to p r o g r a m e l i t e s , s c h o l a r s , a n d
f o r users a n d p o t e n t i a l
users
stances.
f. N o m e c h a n i s m s to t r a n s m i t i n f o r m a t i o n on needs b a c k
international agency personnel. While many people in T h i r d
W o r l d development programs w o u l d like more i n f o r m a t i o n
consolidated statement
a g e n c i e s s o m e t i m e s have
p r o v i d e d . S u c h i n t e r a c t i o n is r a r e l y s o u g h t o u t b y t h e s t a f f s
to t h e u l t i m a t e
producers
of
information.
Even among
t h o s e i n f o r m a t i o n u n i t s t h a t are t o a greater o r lesser e x t e n t
assessing t h e i n f o r m a t i o n
needs o f t h e i r
users, t h i s
vital
f e e d b a c k is n o t b e i n g t r a n s m i t t e d t o t h e o r i g i n a l p r o d u c e r s
o f i n f o r m a t i o n , e.g., researchers, n o r is it b e i n g s h a r e d w i t h
other information agencies/units.
g. I n a d e q u a t e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of i n f o r m a t i o n . C u r r e n t l y
m o s t i n f o r m a t i o n a g e n c i e s / u n i t s are, at best, m a k i n g c o p i e s
o f o r i g i n a l research r e p o r t s a n d o t h e r d o c u m e n t s a v a i l a b l e
t o a l l t h e i r c l i e n t s (as in t h e case o f v a r i o u s p e r i o d i c a l s ) o r
only
to
those
who
request
given
reports
from
them.
B i b l i o g r a p h i e s are v e r y p o p u l a r , b u t f o r m o s t users i n t h e
T h i r d W o r l d t h e y o n l y t a n t a l i z e unless b a c k e d u p w i t h a
service t h a t
provides copies of the items listed. A n o t h e r
c r i t i c a l p r o b l e m is t h e l a c k o f t r a n s l a t i o n s o f i n f o r m a t i o n a l
materials into various vernaculars.
h.
D o m i n a n c e of s c h o l a r l y a p p r o a c h e s . T h e c o n c e p t s
used t o o r g a n i z e i n f o r m a t i o n are b a s i c a l l y t h o s e used b y
a c a d e m i c researchers a n d u n i v e r s i t y t e a c h e r s . A n i n d i c a t i o n
of the d o m i n a n c e of an a c a d e m i c o r i e n t a t i o n
in i n f o r m a -
t i o n d i s s e m i n a t i o n is t h e m e t h o d s c h o s e n t o d i s s e m i n a t e
Dr. Radel, associate researcher at the East-West Communication
Institute, works closely with various documentation and publication
activities of the Institute, and has conducted research on processing
and utilization of technical information in support of development.
6 INFOTECH • SUMMER 1975
information—frequently
ly
journals and periodicals. Frequent-
p u b l i c a t i o n s t h a t are i n t e n d e d t o serve p r o g r a m m a n -
agers—rather
than
scholars—take more and more of the
a t t r i b u t e s o f a s c h o l a r l y j o u r n a l w i t h a d e c l i n e in " h o w - t o -
do-it"
articles
and
in
presentations of
case studies of
i.
Single
medium
permits easy, retrieval.
T o save space, materials
can be
placed on microfiche or other microforms.
administrative innovations.
orientation.
Almost all
technical
5. Transformation for users, to make information more
information is disseminated in print form only. O f course,
readily
there are a few exceptions such as training films, but there
transform it in various ways: translating documents from
available
usable, an
can
one
individual documents, or integrating the contents of related
tion.
documents (state-of-the art papers).
User
Access.
summarizing the
unit
has been almost no attempt to use, say, tape cassettes for
6.
another,
information
disseminating research findings and other technical informaj. V e r y limited linkage between international or regional
language to
and
Mechanisms must
contents of
be established to
agencies and local information units. Formal ties between
permit users to make use of the infomation unit's services
local
in person, by phone or by mail.
information
units,
serving the
needs of
a single
institution, province, or country, and regional or interna-
7. Dissemination. Materials developed by the unit (e.g.
tional information agencies are virtually non-existent. Per-
annotated
haps such linkages have been difficult to forge due to the
widely as possible to one's target audience. T h e services
low
information
through
the
through
brochures.
international agencies.
workshops
Still
and
too
prestige
little
assigned to
the
coordination among
regional and
international information agencies/units. Only in the past
several years has a sense of international concern about
problems of information sharing and utilization for devel-
with
need to
If
be advertised and
resources
current
or
permit,
prospective
promoted
seminars
and
clients can be
extremely useful, both as a means of promoting intelligent
use of the service and getting feedback.
8. Assistance to users. Users will inevitably need assistance in order to make the best use of the service.
9.
opment begun to develop.
unit
holdings) should be disseminated as
function both by program leaders and by key figures in
k.
priority
lists of
Communication from
users. T o
serve
its
clients
adequately, information units must develop and implement
Moving Toward a Solution: A Model Information A g e n c y /
methods for assessing users' needs. A m o n g the ways of
Unit.
doing
This
list
of
problems
that
I've
reviewed
relates
to
deficiencies in individual information agencies/units as well
as to heeded changes in entire information systems.
T o guide the development of more effective information
this
needs,
are> conducting surveys of
soliciting reactions to
user
information
information
received, and
obtaining reactions to the services themselves.
10. Assessment.of user needs. Results of the information
gathered from users (#9)
must be assessed and interpreted
agencies, it is useful to have in mind some kind of ideal
as they relate to the services of the information units and
model. Havelock and his colleagues at C R U S K * developed a
feasible changes in those services.
model for analyzing a group of U.S. Government informa-
11.
Feedback - to
researchers and
other
sources of
tion agencies. I find the list of eleven functions developed
knowledge. A very important but nearly neglected function
by C R U S K to be particularly useful as a checklist, for an
that an information unit can perform is to provide those
effective information agency/unit probably needs to have
producing new knowledge (e.g., researchers) with guidelines
some explicit activity
for new and revised .input.
in each of these areas. Using this
checklist can help show where the gaps are in a given
agency's program, and it can also help make explicit certain
functions that have been implicit and consequently perhaps
Moving Toward a Solution: Some Suggestions for T R I A D
Based upon our experience in the East-West Communica-
misdirected or insufficiently developed.
1. Acquisition. Establish and then expand mechanisms
for acquiring various kinds of information and data fostered
throughout the life of the information unit and obtained as
tion
Institute; several activities come to mind that the
T R I A D network might want to consider doing.
a. Information resources handbook. Many fields have no
rapidly as possible since certain kinds of information lose
adequate
their value with time.
fields. There probably is no handbook'that indicates what
2. Screening. Materials and information that make their
way to information units are not always relevant to the
needs of a specific unit's clients. Some type of screening
process is needed to select relevant and reject
irrelevant
guides to the sources of information in those
institutions have information about low-cost housing.
b.
Specialized union
list of
available
materials.
For
specialized topics it is possible to draw up a list of the
documents and materials
that a group of agencies in a
country, in a region, or worldwide have on that topic.
information.
3 . Processing. T o identify relevant materials later, it is
c.
Standard
subject
headings and/or descriptors. T o
necessary to. assign them some unique symbol. Processing
facilitate exchange of information and development of an
might also entail the preparation of annotations to assist
information network,
the
network can agree on a set list of standard terms related to
user
in
determining
whether
a given document is
it is useful if the members of the
their field.
relevant to his needs.
4 . Storage. Both the information itself (documents, etc.)
d. Jointly produced abstracts on specialized topics. It is
(catalogue
possible for a network of institutions interested in the same
cards, bibliographies, etc.) need to be stored in a way that
topic to produce collaboratively a periodic compilation of
as well as the information about information
annotations or abstracts of the major items added to the
collections of network members.
e. Collaboratively produced, subject-oriented newsletter.
* C R U S K . Center for Research on Utilization of Scientific Knowledge, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, A n n
Arbor, Michigan.
There is much value for a specialized problem-oriented field
(Continued on page 12.)
SUMMER 1975 • INFOTECH 7
d a V i l l a l u z , e n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p research
project officer w i t h the
Academy
of
the
Development
Philippines.
Their
observations:
Mah: " A s an i m p l e m e n t o r o f p r o j ects b a c k h o m e , I d o n o t have m u c h
experience
in
research
work.
The
W o r k s h o p has been an ' e y e o p e n e r ' f o r
m e t o k n o w e x a c t l y w h a t research has
t o be d o n e f r o m here a n d h o w t o f o r m
research p r o p o s a l s . "
Zenaida Toquero
Mah Man See
A m o n g the
p a r t i c i p a n t s o f t h e re-
cent Institute sponsored Entrepreneurs h i p w o r k s h o p are these f o u r w o m e n ,
Asian
Women
Comment
on
Workshop
all i n v o l v e d w i t h t h e d e v e l o p m e n t
of
e n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p research a n d t r a i n i n g
in
their
respective institutions.
They
i n c l u d e M a h M a n S e e , business d e v e l o p m e n t o f f i c e r at t h e U r b a n D e v e l o p ment A u t h o r i t y
( U D A ) at K u a l a L u m -
pur, Malaysia; Susan Clavano, training
specialist,
University
of
the
Philip-
p i n e s ' I n s t i t u t e f o r S m a l l S c a l e Indust r i e s ; Z e n a i d a T o q u e r o , research assistant
at
the
Department,
Agricultural
International
Engineering
Rice
Re-
search I n s t i t u t e , P h i l i p p i n e s ; a n d Imel-
Susan Clavano and Imelda Villaluz
Susan: " T h e W o r k s h o p has o p e n e d
u p v a r i o u s areas o n
that my institution
for
granted until
entrepreneurship
m i g h t have t a k e n
n o w . It has c r y s t a l -
lized the i m p o r t a n t variables that need
primary
attention."
Zenaida:
given
to
whether
" T h e p s y c h o l o g i c a l tests
entrepreneurs
they
to
determine
are g u i d e d b y
motives,
e n v i r o n m e n t , etc. is s o m e t h i n g t h a t I
learned
in
c h a n g e of
the
Workshop.
The
ideas b r o a d e n e d m y
exmind
on matching opportunities, now I am
looking deeper . . . "
Imelda: " T h i s is t h e f i r s t w o r k s h o p
I
attended
'clicked,'
very
along
where
considering
heterogeneous
despite
8 INFOTECH • SUMMER
1975
participants
that
we
group.
differences
and nationalities."
Spring marked the observance of National Secretaries Week and the secretaries and other lady
staff members of the Institute were honored with roses and an ice cream party. Shown above
from left are: Helen Honma, Jenny Miyasaki, Patsy Ideue and Gloria Yu.
the
are a
We
in
got
culture
from
VISITORS
Manila where
he met w i t h
UN
O . O S W A L D , d e p u t y programme leader o f t h e F o o d a n d A g r i c u l t u r e O r g a n i -
regional representatives.
zation
LI-TI
MARCO
ZEVY,
program
officer
H S U , director
of
the
Fifth
( F A O ) of
(South
the
United
Nations
C h i n a Sea F i s h e r i e s D e v e l o p -
D e p a r t m e n t ( E c o n o m i c A f f a i r s ) in t h e
for technical Information Service, Na-
ment
executive
tional Research C o u n c i l ( T I S / N R C ) of
d i s c u s s e d issues a n d p r o b l e m s
C h i n a , d i s c u s s e d t o p i c s relates t o
C a n a d a . Was o n his w a y t o S i n g a p o r e
t r a i n i n g o f t o p - l e v e l m a n a g e m e n t per-
to
sonnel
a s s u m e a n e w p o s t at
Asia
(Asian
Technology
Network
Technonet
for
Information
sion). A m o n g matters
Industrial
and
Exten-
discussed w i t h
branch of
in
new
the
Republic of
concepts
possibilities of collaborative activities,
organized
U . D . governmental
to
observe
organizations
and
nomic
services
power planning and training
for
at f e d e r a l a n d l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t levels.
film
on
made
extension
by
TIS/NRC,
the
policy
formulation
into ecoand
operating
a m o n g the Institute's co-
institutions
i n v o l v e d in t h e
d e v e l o p m e n t of small-scale industries.
DR. S A M U E L
P A U L , director,
In-
d i a n I n s t i t u t e of M a n a g e m e n t , A h m e d abad, India. Discussed fields of mutual
interest in i n d u s t r i a l e c o n o m i c s , p u b l i c
policy
and
holds
and
management.
various
consultancy
memberships
directors
of
Dr.
on
the
Corporation of
Paul
positions
the
programs
GAVINO A. MENDOZA
of
t h e A s i a n I n s t i t u t e o f M a n a g e m e n t in
the
Philippines and 1975 Eisenhower
Fellow.
Discussed potential
tive efforts
coopera-
in entrepreneurship,
ject management and institution
probuild-
i n g . O n e of M e n d o z a ' s interests d u r i n g
his f e l l o w s h i p is t o o b s e r v e i n s t i t u t i o n s
which
offer
in f i s h e r i e s d e v e l o p m e n t .
enterprises and develop-
ment projects.
J O H N H A N S E N of the C o m m i s s i o n
of the E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t i e s requested
briefings
and
on
various
involving
social
the
I n s t i t u t e ' s goals
programmatic
the
and
role
of
economic
H a n s e n has p r i m a r y
relations
grams
and
in
development.
responsibility
development
between
munities
activities
technology
the
for
aid
pro-
European
com-
and countries of the
Indian
s u b c o n t i n e n t and Southeast A s i a .
A N D E R S J O H N S O N of the R o y a l
of
D R . M . J . K . T H A V A R A J , professor
Finance
of financial a d m i n i s t r a t i o n and head of
Sweden
the financial unit of the Indian
government to study the multi-faceted
board
Industrial
DEAN
particularly w i t h respect to F A O ' s role
man-
Center and the Institute. Subject f i l m
w i l l be v e r y u s e f u l f o r d i s s e m i n a t i o n o f
information
in
a q u a c u l t u r e . In t a l k s w i t h F l R e s e a r c h
was
a docu-
being
related
particularly
Associate Dr. Brian L o c k w o o d , Direc-
sibility
mentary
resources,
tor A l b a and Dr. W o o d l a n d expressed
operations having an input
making copies of
marine
Programme)
recent
t h e I n s t i t u t e m e d i a s t a f f w a s t h e posof
to
Coordinating
d e v e l o p m e n t s in t r a i n i n g . H i s U . S . t r i p
purposely
and
the
and
India, State Bank
India, and i n d u s t r y , government
of
and
U N a g e n c i e s . H e has w r i t t e n m o r e t h a n
tute
of
Public
Insti-
Administration.
group conducts programs for
been
requested
by
his
problems of low-cost housing for
low-
income families, particularly
rural
in
level
was p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t l y in t h e n e w -
H e was i m p r e s s e d w i t h t h e I n s t i t u t e ' s
ly-emerging program
concept of n e t w o r k i n g
assistant d i r e c t o r ,
of
Technology,
Swinburne College
Hawthorn,
w i t h t h e I n s t i t u t e be-
ginning w i t h an exchange of
tion
on
specific
projects
the
Institute
of
informamutual
of
V A N STEYN,
Physics,
Eindhoven
Technology,
the
Department
University
Netherlands.
of
Dis-
tries in b o t h E a s t a n d W e s t , i n c l u d i n g
PROFESSOR
PAUAN
AMANDO
F.
KA-
of A t e n e o de M a n i l a Univer-
sity. Discussed science and t e c h n o l o g y
policies
in
developing
of
countries
cooperative
science t e x t b o o k s ,
and
PROFESSOR
Award
contributions
M Y O M Y I N T , Deputy
Minister
R A J , a con-
m e n t P r o g r a m in r e g i o n a l p l a n n i n g m e t
for Planning and F i n a n c e , and U S A N
with
THA
Fellow
A U N G , Director-General of
the
Institute
Director
A l b a , Senior
George Duggar, and
Doctoral
D e p a r t m e n t o f H i g h e r E d u c a t i o n , visit-
Research Intern V a i d P r a k a s h , to dis-
ing
c u s s t h e I n s t i t u t e ' s p r o g r a m in h u m a n
B u r m e s e o f f i c i a l s , were given
in-depth
look
at t h e
Institute's
an
pro-
settlements,
low-cost
o t h e r areas o f m u t u a l
grams.
housing,
interest.
and
Raj is
also a f a c u l t y m e m b e r at t h e S c h o o l o f
J O E L G O C H E N O U R , U N economic
development
Samoa,
jects
of
was
on
adviser
discussed
mutual
his way
for
Western
development
interest.
to
Western
Architecture and Planning, University
of Madras.
Samoa
DR. A B D U L R H A M K H A N ,
metropolitan
planner
DR.
ARTHUR
tute's
G.
WOODLAND,
programme leader, and D R .
ERLING
of
the
Authority
great
program
in
interest
to
matrix
and
chief
Lahore
Pakistan
in t h e
of exploration
interaction
Insti-
requested
for
potential
and collaboration
in s u c h
areas as l o w - c o s t h o u s i n g .
O t h e r guests w h o c a m e t o d i s c u s s
the nature and f u n c t i o n s of the L o w Cost
Housing
project
include
WIL-
L I A M J A C K S O N , acting executive director of the Territorial H o u s i n g C o m mission of
the
P a c i f i c Islands,
RUSS
H A M M O N D , chief, Industrial Development
Division,
Technology,
PARNES,
pro-
Gochenour
sectors
t h e results o f
R & Ds.
initiation
S. D.
linkages w i t h
private
implement
Development
Ayala
s u l t a n t at t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s D e v e l o p U
successfully
expressed
distinguished
in s c i e n c e e d u c a t i o n .
gy-
and
public
k e n e c o l o g i s t . H e w a s a r e c i p i e n t o f his
cently
with
in-country
both
country's
for nationally-important
compiled a bibliography
the need for
research
is also an o u t s p o -
c u s s e d t h e e n e r g y p r o b l e m . S t e y n rea b s t r a c t s a n d k e y w o r d s o n w i n d ener-
institu-
management.
w i t h the Institute. K a p a u a n , author of
RENE
R & D
tions to w o r k cooperatively w i t h c o u n -
possibilities
interest.
areas, in a n u m b e r o f A s i a n c o u n t r i e s .
on manpower development for project
Victoria,
A u s t r a l i a . E x p r e s s e d i n t e r e s t in i n i t i a t ing i n t e r a c t i o n
of
He
Technology, Stockholm,
ment.
ROBERTS. DAVIE,
administrators.
of
has
5 0 articles on e c o n o m i c s and manage-
PROFESSOR
government
His
middle-
Institute
with
David
Georgia
Atlanta
local
Institute
and
architect
Stringer
&
NEIL
of
R.
connected
A s s o c i a t e s in
Honolulu.
SUMMER 1975 • INFOTECH
9
as i n c e n t i v e s a n d s e c u r i t y , t h e
S T A F F ACTIVITIES
impact
o f c o m p u t e r i z a t i o n , g o v e r n m e n t legislation,
workers
attitudes
and
Institute
Director
Manuel
S.
The
workshop
machinery
O n J u n e 2 1 , D r . A l b a was k e y n o t e
Dr.
invited by the I R R I .
the
changing labor force.
Alba Addresses
Georgia Conference
a n d r e l a t e d agencies f r o m 2 0 c o u n t r i e s
testing
focused
development
and
on
farm
at I R R I ,
demonstration
of
the
equip-
s p e a k e r also at t h e 1 7 t h a n n u a l c o n -
m e n t , a n d its a d o p t i o n b y m a n u f a c t u r -
v e n t i o n of t h e O a h u F i l i p i n o C o u n c i l
ers a n d
( O F C C ) h e l d at A l a M o a n a H o t e l . T h e
volved.
OFCC,
develop-
member
ment conference on " T e c h n i q u e s and
brought
Methodologies for Standardization
of
delegates f o r t h e w h o l e - d a y a f f a i r . T h e
velopment
Developing
t h e m e of t h e c o n v e n t i o n w a s " P r o g r e s s
June 15—19. T h e theme of the s y m p o -
Through
s i u m was " V e n t u r e A s s i s t a n c e E x p e r -
Small-Scale
international
Industries
in
Countries." Sponsored March
in
Atlanta
by
Technology's
Georgia
Industrial
10-11
Institute
D i v i s i o n , it was f o l l o w e d b y a three-
He returned
to
invitation
International
Atlanta
by
the
together
of small6—9
Agency
Development
61
Oahu,
approximately
300
Involvement."
for
(AID)
to
T h e f o l l o w i n g m o n t h , M o r s e was a
p a n e l i s t at an i n t e r n a t i o n a l
Hansen Returns from
Malaysia Conference
in
held
in
Cincinnati, Ohio,
Emerging
a paper
Countries."
on
"Variety
He
and
S e l e c t i v i t y in E n t r e p r e n e u r i a l D e v e l o p ment Programs."
coordinator
o n rural institutions and d e v e l o p m e n t ,
Dr. Gary Hansen, Research Associate,
participated
symposium
o n e n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p a n d e n t e r p r i s e de-
presented
T h e Institute's project
May
some
on
iments
scale i n d u s t r y d e v e l o p m e n t .
upon
organizations
of
Development
day seminar on stimulation
to
in-
A l b a was a m o n g the principal speakers
two-day
council
in t h e c o u n t r i e s
at
a
mother
farmers
in a c o n f e r e n c e o n " A p -
Explores Institutional
Cooperation on New Project
its a n n u a l S t r a t e g y a n d P l a n n i n g S y m -
proaches
in
Dr. Kenneth R u d d l e , Research As-
p o s i u m , " S c i e n c e , T e c h n o l o g y and the
A s i a . " H e l d in K u a l a L u m p u r , M a l a y -
s o c i a t e , w a s in J a p a n M a r c h 2 6 — 2 8 t o
Problems
sia
of
Development,"
which
to
Rural
Development
conference
discuss a n e w p r o j e c t i n t h e I n s t i t u t e ' s
c o n c e n t r a t e d m a i n l y o n rural d e v e l o p -
was s p o n s o r e d b y t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s
program on " M o b i l i z i n g Local Renew-
ment.
Centre
able Natural R e s o u r c e Use S y s t e m s for
A l b a presented a panel paper,
May
22—June 4, the
for
Development
Administra-
" E d u c a t i o n for U t i l i z a t i o n of T e c h n o l -
t i o n . H e served as r e s o u r c e p e r s o n a n d
Technology A d a p t a t i o n , " w i t h poten-
o g y b y t h e P o o r , " at t h e s y m p o s i u m ,
presented
tial
attended
m e n t in I n d o n e s i a .
by
participants
from
plan-
n i n g a g e n c i e s , research i n s t i t u t e s ,
government
Africa,
agencies
and
Latin
from
and
Asia,
America.
Interna-
a paper
o n rural
develop-
H a n s e n has r e c e n t l y c o m p l e t e d t w o
monographs
on
collaborating
institutions,
and
i d e n t i f y possible sources of Japanese
this
subject,
"Rural
s u p p o r t for the project. A f t e r
visiting
the U n i t e d Nations Center for Region-
Agricultural
al D e v e l o p m e n t in N a g o y a , H o s e i , a n d
t i o n a l f u n d i n g a n d assistance agencies
D e v e l o p m e n t in J a v a , I n d o n e s i a " ( C o r -
Joji Univeristies, R u d d l e observed that
such
nell
the
as
the
World
International
Center
Bank
Development
(IDRC)
of
and
the
Research
Canada were
also
represented.
At
Seoul, K o r e a , Dr. A l b a partici-
Local
Government
University,
and
1974),
"Bureaucratic
L i n k a g e s a n d P o l i c y m a k i n g in
sia:
Bimas
Revisited"
Indone-
(MIT,
1974).
institutions
he
the
of
t r i p is i n c l u d e d in a f i v e - v o l u m e
participation
study
p a t e d A p r i l 1 7 — 1 8 in a p l a n n i n g c o n f e r e n c e t o o r g a n i z e a p r i v a t e g r o u p of
Rural
A s i a n scientists w h o w i l l meet annual-
published by the C e n t r e for Develop-
ly f o r i n t e n s i v e d i s c u s s i o n s o f d e v e l o p -
ment
ment
Development
in
Asia,
recently
Administration, Kuala
a n d issues c r u c i a l
to
Approximately
A s i a . A m o n g the countries invited
to
35
to
Lumpur.
participants
at-
and
n e w p r o j e c t , a n d e n t h u s i a s t i c in t e r m s
T h e p a p e r he p r e s e n t e d in his r e c e n t
o n rural d e v e l o p m e n t , Approaches
problems
individuals
visited were very receptive about
selection
manpower
of
local
in
research sites,
research
components,
activities,
and
suitable
design of local p o l i c y .
In J u l y , R u d d l e w i l l v i s i t t h e P h i l i p pines,
Sabah,
Sarawak,
Singapore,
West M a l a y s i a , T h a i l a n d , H o n g K o n g ,
t e n d e d , m o s t of t h e m f r o m high-level
R e p u b l i c of C h i n a , K o r e a and Japan.
send p a r t i c i p a n t s w e r e t h e P h i l i p p i n e s ,
government
H e w i l l d i s c u s s p r o b l e m s of
India, T h a i l a n d , Japan and the
others f r o m A s i a n universities.
United
policy
positions
and
integrating
d i v e r s e a g r o e c o s y s t e m s a n d o t h e r nat-
S t a t e s . T h e c o n f e r e n c e was s p o n s o r e d
ural
by the K o r e a n Institute of Science and
r e g i o n a l p l a n n i n g designs w i t h r e g i o n a l
Technology
(KIST)
and
the
Asia
Foundation.
Morse Attends IRRI
Workshop, Ohio Symposium
D r . A l b a was t h e k e y n o t e s p e a k e r
attended
Hawaii
tural
Chapter
Association of
of
the
International
P e r s o n n e l in
Employ-
planners,
the " W o r k s h o p
Mechanization
and
on
Agricul-
Indigenous
P r o d u c t i o n o f A g r i c u l t u r a l M a c h i n e s in
stitutions
the
International Rice Research Institute,
tion
He spoke
L o s B a n o s , L a g u n a in t h e P h i l i p p i n e s .
tivation
2
H o t e l , was " P r o d u c t i v i t y . "
on
"Human
Resource,
and P r o d u c t i v i t y . "
featured
a
panel
at
Employment
T h e i n s t i t u t e also
discussion
led
by
LDC,"
Morse
was
held
one
May
of
two
6-9
at
cultural
universities.
Ruddle
in S o u t h e a s t A s i a
w h i l e o n his m i s s i o n .
llikai
May
and
p a l m sago i n d u s t r y
the
held
and
hopes to verify data o n the traditional
ment Security ( I A P E S ) . The theme of
institute,
geographers
broad
e c o l o g i s t s in g o v e r n m e n t , research i n -
Research Associate R i c h a r d Morse
at t h e E l e v e n t h A n n u a l I n s t i t u t e of t h e
r e s o u r c e use s y s t e m s i n t o
the
H i s n e w b o o k . The
System-A
in
Study
Colombia
Yukpa
Cultiva-
of Shifting
and
Cul-
Venezuela
participants
has just b e e n p u b l i s h e d b y t h e U n i v e r -
f r o m the U n i t e d States f r o m a m o n g 70
s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a Press. It is o n e o f t h e
representatives of small, m e d i u m
and
f e w c o m p r e h e n s i v e analyses available
I n s t i t u t e degree s t u d e n t s w h o t o u c h e d
large
de-
of t r i b a l a g r o e c o s y s t e m , a n d is u n i q u e
a w i d e range of t o p i c s a n d issues s u c h
partment
10 INFOTECH • SUMMER
1975
manufacturing
of
companies,
agricultural
engineering.
in t h i s f i e l d f o r S o u t h A m e r i c a .
Departing Senior Fellows Dr. Eugene Staley,
Dr. George Duggar and Dr. Richard Seddon
(center) were treated to an informal coffee
hour by Dr. Manual S. Alba and staff
recently at Lincoln 424.
Goodman Attends Engineering Ed
Assistant
Director
man participated
Louis J . G o o d -
in t h e a n n u a l
ing of the A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y f o r
ition Meeting
International
meet-
teraction
Engi-
try
D i v i s i o n session o n
Among Government,
"In-
Indus-
and Universities for T e c h n o l o g i c a l
n e e r i n g E d u c a t i o n h e l d J u n e 1 6 — 1 9 at
Development."
Colorado
e l e c t e d m e m b e r - a t - l a r g e of t h e e x e c u -
State
University,
Fort
Col-
lins. H e p r e s e n t e d a p a p e r o n " T e c h n o -
tive
logical D e v e l o p m e n t
Division.
teraction
ment,"
of
T h r o u g h the
University
and
In-
Govern-
co-authored w i t h Dr. Jerry C.
L. C h a n g , D e p u t y C h a n c e l l o r f o r D e velopment.
Goodman's
presentation
was o n e of t h e f o u r p a p e r s given at t h e
committee
of
the
also
eight
East
International
H e has served as e x - o f f i c i o
World
Asia
and
Region
the
Committees,
Pacific, and
had
been r e q u e s t e d t o c o n t i n u e s e r v i n g in
that capacity.
were
approximately
engineering educators and
ers
at
the
meeting,
which
3,000
practition-
A f r i c a n and Latin A m e r i c a n educators.
professor of E c o n o m i c s f r o m Kasetsart
T h e m e e t i n g was p l a n n e d as a f o l l o w -
of
Wolfe
pressed h e r i n t e n t i o n
t o grant $ 5 , 0 0 0
to the East-West C e n t e r to help f u n d a
fellowship for a qualified individual to
collaborate w i t h the T e c h n o l o g y
and
Development Institute's project on Regional
Development
in t h e S o u t h P a -
c i f i c . T h e d o n a t i o n w i l l be a c t u a l i z e d
s o m e t i m e in J a n u a r y 1 9 7 6 .
Ismail, McCullough,
New Professional Interns
up to a W o r l d Congress held the week
I n s t i t u t e as a S e n i o r F e l l o w M a y
joined
gineers f o r W o r l d D e v e l o p m e n t . "
intern for a s i x - m o n t h period starting
o n the P h i l i p p i n e s
Engineering
Project
in
Light
collaboration
w i t h Richard Morse, Research Associate. W h i l e at K a s e t s a r t U n i v e r s i t y , D r .
U d o m wrote a tetbook on
E c o n o m i c s for
foreign
investment,
tion, industrialization
of
Dr. Udom
B i n H a j i Ismail o f M a l a y s i a
the
I n s t i t u t e as a p r o f e s s i o n a l
developing
management
agement. A former
international
in t h e
h o l d s degrees in s o c i o l o g y a n d p u b l i c
academic
had
participant
and trade prob-
Malaysia.
his
areas o f d e v e l o p -
P u b l i c L e a d e r s h i p S e m i n a r in 1 9 7 3 , he
administration
has
project
individ-
distribu-
a n d p u b l i s h e d as a p a p e r b a c k .
Besides
for
pursue
ment administration and project man-
l e m s . T h e a r t i c l e s h a d been c o m p i l e d
Udom
a manual
training,
ual research in t h e
stu-
of articles o n
income
Zainal
J u n e 1 5 . H i s w o r k w i l l be in t h e area
Internation-
undergraduate
dents and a c o l l e c t i o n
with
Gerbode
before on the t h e m e , " E d u c a t i n g E n -
Bangkok, Thailand
1st t o w o r k
al
A.
joined
University,
the
Penelope
G r a d e , S a n R a f a e l , C a l i f o r n i a , has ex-
included
A m e r i c a n , as w e l l as A s i a n , E u r o p e a n ,
K e r d p i b u l e , an assistant
Dr. U d o m
Fellowship Grant
was
m e m b e r in his role as c h a i r m a n o f o n e
of
There
Udom Joins Institute
As Senior Fellow
Goodman
working
work,
f r o m t h e U n i v e r s i t y of
Dr.
Earlier, A n d r e w J . M c C u l l o u g h had
experience
been awarded a professional develop-
organizations
such
ment
internship
four
grant
for
and one-half
approxi-
as t h e E c o n o m i c a n d S o c i a l C o m m i s -
mately
months
sion for A s i a and the Pacific ( E S C A P )
p a r t i c i p a t e in t h e I n s t i t u t e ' s L o w - C o s t
to
a n d t h e W o r l d B a n k . H i s w o r k at these
Housing T e c h n o l o g y project. The pri-
international
mary purpose of M c C u l l o u g h ' s intern-
mainly
and
with
organizations
concerned
industrialization,
development
trade
of
s h i p is t o a c q u i r e t e c h n i q u e s of
multi-
the
m e d i a d o c u m e n t a t i o n as research t o o l s
A S E A N c o u n t r i e s . His research c o n t r i -
f o r f i e l d s t u d i e s he w i l l u n d e r t a k e here
b u t i o n to the
at a later d a t e in c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h his
area o f
problems
I n s t i t u t e w i l l be in t h e
industrial
technology
a n d its
impact on e m p l o y m e n t , income distrib u t i o n and regional d e v e l o p m e n t .
P h D s t u d i e s at t h e U n i v e r s i t y of H a -
i
waii's Department
of A m e r i c a n S t u d -
ies.
S U M M E R 1 9 7 5 . I N F O T E C H 11
Information Sharing .
(Continued from page 7.)
to have some form of "newsletter" for the dissemination of
point clear: the area of information sharing and utilization
certain
is a complex area. There are no simple answers or solutions,
kinds of
capsule form,
information:
program
results of conferences in
innovations, results of major
but there is a great deal that can be done to make things
re-
work
search or pilot projects, availability of resources, etc.
better.
It
takes
imagination, courage, and
for the members of the network to agree on the content of
it's important,
uniform
resources intelligently and convincingly.
project
descriptions and to
circulate to
other
about
their
own
projects
and
the
to go home with new ideas and with renewed commitment
results
to working together. T h e task is much too great for any one
achieved to date.
of
I've identified a number of problems and made a number
Field Study, Dissertations
Completed
Master's degree candidate in archiYongsrit
Thailand,
where
he
has
will
Charuburana
returned
to
collect
data
from
Bangkok
for
thesis, " L o w - C o s t Housing for
Income
field
pei where he will be doing research
the East-West Center after completing
regarding the potential of a region for
his field study research on the current
ocean technology development. Kang's
international
research will include three countries,
sources in Southeast Asia. One of his
Taiwan, Korea and Japan. His study is
recent articles, "Petroleum in the Philin the
issues of "Petrole-
um
Low-
"East-West
ogy in Developing Countries."
United
Dennis E . Barton, an M A candidate
in
environmental
currently
urban
and
on
regional
field
planning,
study
where he is studying at
in
the
is
Japan
Kyoto
American Institute of Architects, A n -
Japanese Language School. In addition
nual Student Awards Program.
to
Choi Sang J i n , a PhD candidate in
political ^science from
Korea, is cur-
re-
ippines" appeared
Frans Gerritsen, chairman of the
U H Department of Ocean Engineering
Hawaii Chapter of the
oil
and October 1974
study, Charuburana received a
was from the
over
Dr.
entitled, " T h e Use of Ocean Technol-
award
conflict
based on a 1974 Consultant Report by
first place award for his class work in
The
do alone, no matter how many resources are
his
Families." Before he left for
controls.
us to
available to our own organization.
of suggestions in this paper. I do hope that I have made one
tecture
then we have to argue our case for more
I hope that this workshop will enable us to do that and
members o f „ t h e network, say once a year, the "updated
statements
often,
unfortunately, more resources than we have. If we believe
g. Uniform project descriptions. It might be very useful
continuing
his Japanese studies.
Barton will be doing field documentation
of
housing conditions and pat-
rently on the mainland collecting data
terns in several urban and rural areas
for his dissertation On military inter-
of Japan.
vention in politics. Choi will visit the
News
Another
Energy
States
and
article,
Politics:
The
Southeast
Asian
O i l , " appeared in the April 1975 issue
of "Impulse."
Meanwhile, two PhD students have
recently completed their dissertations.
Toshiaki Harada's dissertation was entitled,
Liquid
"Light
Scattering
Crystals
Region."
degree
home
PhD candidate in economics, Saleha
(SEA).
September
in
in
in the
Harada,
who
physics,
Studies
received
returned
Japan. K.
of
Pretransition
V.
to
his
his
Subramanya
Bhat of India, who received his degree
Hoover Institute on War, Revolution
Zhowandai from Afghanistan, has re-
in electrical engineering, wrote a dis-
and Peace, and the University of Chi-
turned to
sertation entitled, " T h e o r y and Algo-
cago, as well as several
Kabul where she will con-
government
duct research and collect data for her
rithms
agencies in the Washington, D.C. area.
dissertation, " A n E c o n o m i c Analysis
Large Scale System."
PhD candidate in political science
and Measurement of Afghanistan Pro-
Carl Heine, currently on leave of absence in Saipan, has been elected as a
11
tional Convention from the
pating
land,
in
Program
Sanguan Phamwon, an M A candidate
in civil engineering from Thaiis currently
on field
study at
Problems
in
Ecelina Uluiviti, an M A candidate
in public health, is currently partici-
Marshall
Assignment
tection Structure."
delegate to the Micronesian ConstituIslands.
for
the
at
Teachers
Harvard
Preparation
University's
School of Public Health. The program
places
family
major
emphasis on
planning
and
teaching
maternal
and
Degree Students
Attend Conference
John Morgan, master's degree candidate in urban and regional planning
.Colorado State University where he is
child health to medical students and
and Eileen Stavrakis, master's degree
concentrating on water resources man-
nurses. Since Uluiviti may be partici-
candidate in political science attended
agement.
Beginning June 30, he will
pating in the training of medical para-
the
attend the Institute on Application of
professionals upon her return to Fiji,
Conference held June 19—21
at
Stochastic Methods to Water Resource
the Harvard program will also include
University
Ichord
Problems.
the training of medical assistants.
delivered a paper, "Indonesia and the
Kang Y o n g Q u i n , an M A candidate
Robert Ichord, a PhD candidate in
in oceanography, recently left for Tai-
political science, recently returned to
12 INFOTECH • SUMMER 1975
Asian Studies
on
of Hawaii.
Pacific Coast
Robert
the
Political E c o n o m y of Oil in Southeast
A s i a , " at the same conference.