4th QUARTER 2014 | C e n t e r 4 for B r a i n H e a lt h at T h e Un i v e r s i t y of Texas at Da l l a s B R A I N Humanitarian Heart: Hamon Endowment for Veteran Support Jake L. and Nancy B. Hamon | Photo courtesy of the Jake and Nancy Hamon Papers, Jerry Bywaters Special Collections, Jake and Nancy Hamon Arts Library, SMU We have been at war for more than a decade. Since 9/11, more than 2.5 million have worn a uniform to protect America’s freedom. Now they are coming home and facing the dynamic challenges of reintegration to civilian life. For many warriors, shedding the uniform signifies the surrender of purpose, mission and the camaraderie of their military service. Finding a new way to channel their intelligence, resilience, and drive to succeed is imperative to ensuring the next greatest generation’s ultimate victory, being able to enjoy the life they have so courageously defended. In a move to support our nation’s most patriotic citizens, the Hamon Charitable Foundation donated $1 million to the Center for BrainHealth’s Brain Performance Institute to establish the Hamon Endowment for Veteran Support. The permanent endowment will help fund treatment and training that helps bridge the transition from the battlefield to life as a civilian for returning veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces. “We recognize the need to help the veterans who have encountered traumatic situations in fighting our foreign wars. Our goal is to endorse programs that provide a real-time and direct benefit to the veterans,” explained Kelly Roach, President of the Hamon Charitable Foundation. “The Center’s leading scientific research and humanitarian benefits are consistent with the mission of the Foundation,” said Mr. Roach. “We knew when we had the opportunity to meet with veterans at the Center, that our foundation’s founders, Jake and Nancy Hamon, would have recognized and appreciated the work being done.” Foundation board members met with retired U.S. Marine Corps Cpl. Jake Schick and retired U.S. Navy SEAL Lt. Morgan Luttrell who shared their stories of survival from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and their gratitude for the Institute’s high performance brain training programs that positively and significantly changed the course of their lives. While Cpl. Schick’s prosthetic leg and extensively rebuilt hand serve as reminders of the extreme physical injury he endured, both warriors described their unseen scars and reported that their invisible wounds were far more painful and difficult to overcome than any visible ones. “The strategies I learned assisted me as a leader in the SEAL teams while at home training or deployed on combat missions around the world,” said Lt. Luttrell. “Today, I continue to apply the strategies and benefit as a husband, father, student and an active member in society.” Cpl. Schick confirmed, “Out of all of the drugs I was prescribed and therapy I was forced to attend, the training I received at the Center for BrainHealth helped tenfold.” Debbie Francis, Center for BrainHealth Board Chair, explained the spark that led to the generous gift from the highly regarded Dallas-based foundation. “The Hamon Foundation is known and respected for making meaningful gifts in the community. When I approached the Foundation, I knew that they would only be interested in a partnership that would create a lasting and meaningful impact for warriors. We were most grateful they chose to include us as one of their beneficiaries.” BRAIN CENTRAL 2 3 4 Understanding the Brain: A Biomarker for Threat Brain Change in Chronic Marijuana Use: Volume and Connectivity Abnormalities Leadership Spotlight: BvB (Blondes vs. Brunettes) 2 3 ENRICH YOUR MIND: Brain Change in Chronic Marijuana Use: Volume and Connectivity Abnormalities LETTER from the chief director On November 15, the first study to comprehensively identify existing abnormalities in brain function and structure of long-term marijuana users published on the cover of one of the world’s most-cited and comprehensive multidisciplinary scientific journals, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Led by BrainHealth’s Director of the Cognitive Neuroscience Research in Addictive Disorders, Francesca Filbey, Ph.D., the research suggests that the effects of chronic marijuana use on the brain may depend on age of first use and duration of use. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques reveal smaller brain volume and increased brain connectivity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a part of the brain commonly associated with addiction, decision making, inhibition and motivation. The earlier and longer someone As you may know, my motto is ‘no status quo’. Forcing the mind to ratchet up from one idea to the next, charging upwards and onwards keeps life exciting, engaging and, as our research continually reinforces, enhances brain performance. uses marijuana, the more pronounced the brain differences. “ ...more intense connectivity...may explain why chronic, long-term users ‘seem to be doing just fine’... We have had a prolific year challenging status quo. Our Brain Performance Institute grew from a staff of three to 25 in less than a year. Using the Center for BrainHealth as its base of operation and through mobile units, the Institute served the brain health needs of teens, corporate executives, individuals with autism, and, thanks to private philanthropy, provided free brain training to more than 500 warriors. Groundbreaking on a new, state-of-the-art facility is scheduled for 2015. We published several internationally recognized research papers on various subjects including healthy aging, traumatic brain injury, fear, autism and addiction; collaborated with elite military forces to cognitively enhance the minds of our treasured service members; cumulatively reached more than 38,000 middle school students through our adolescent reasoning program; and launched many new research initiatives for a total number of fully funded projects exceeding 60. None of this would have been possible without the tremendous backing of our steadfast donors, philanthropic partners, and scientific collaborators. Our supporters are vast and diverse. In addition to the generosity of private philanthropy, corporate citizenship and government funding, our dedicated circle of donors, the Friends of BrainHealth, raised more than $302,000 this year to fund innovative research initiatives of young scientists. Our young professionals organization, the Think Ahead Group, contributed $50,000 to research that aims to help individuals on the autism spectrum achieve social and economic independence. The research team studied 48 adult marijuana users and 62 gender- and agematched non-users, accounting for potential biases such as gender, age and ethnicity. Although increased structural wiring declines after six to eight years of continued The authors also controlled for tobacco and alcohol use. On average, the marijuana chronic use, marijuana users continue to display more intense connectivity than users who participated in the study consumed the drug three times per day. healthy non-users, which may explain why chronic, long-term users “seem to be doing just fine” despite smaller OFC brain volumes, Filbey explained. Cognitive tests show that chronic marijuana users had lower IQ compared to ageand gender-matched controls but the differences do not seem to be related to the Further studies are needed to determine the permanence and causality of these brain abnormalities since no direct correlation can be drawn between IQ deficits and changes. OFC volume decrease. A Biomarker for Threat: What Fear Looks Like in the Brain A n estimated 8% of Americans will suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at some point during their lifetime. Brought on by an overwhelming or stressful event or events, PTSD is the result of altered chemistry and physiology of the brain. Understanding how threat is processed in a normal brain versus one altered by PTSD is essential to developing effective interventions. New research from the Center for BrainHealth published in Brain and Cognition illustrates how fear arises in the brain when individuals are exposed to threatening images. This novel study is the first to separate emotion from threat by controlling for the dimension of Sandi Chapman, Ph.D. Founder and Chief Director N H E A L A I T R TIP H B CENTER GOINGS-ON U N D E R S TA N D I N G t h e B R A I N Our brain can become less fit with age when we accept mental slippage. Make a New Year’s resolution to put your brain up front and center. You are never too young or too old to adopt brain healthy habits that challenge and enhance your brain to think and act smarter. TO DO: Schedule a BrainHealth Physical to establish a benchmark of brain health so that you will always be able to tell if your brain is going forward or backward. To schedule, contact Jennifer Zientz: jennifer.zientz@utdallas.edu 972.883.3404 arousal, the emotional reaction provoked, whether positive or negative, in response to stimuli. Building on previous animal and human research, the study identifies an electrophysiological marker for threat in the brain. “ ...this novel study is the first to separate emotion from threat... ” “We are trying to find where thought exists in the mind,” explained John Hart, Jr., M.D., BrainHealth’s Medical Science Director. “We know that groups of neurons firing on and off create a frequency and pattern that tell other areas of the brain what to do. By identifying these rhythms, we can correlate them with a cognitive unit such as fear.” Utilizing electroencephalography (EEG), Dr. Hart’s research team identified theta and beta wave activity that signifies the brain’s reaction to visually threatening images. “We have known for a long time that the brain prioritizes threatening information over other cognitive processes,” explained Bambi DeLaRosa, the study’s lead author. “These findings show us how this happens. Theta wave activity starts in the back of the brain in its fear center – the amygdala – and then interacts with the brain’s memory center – the hippocampus – before traveling to the frontal lobe where thought processing areas are engaged. At the same time, beta wave activity indicates that the motor cortex is revving up in case the feet need to move to avoid the perceived threat.” For the study, 26 adults (19 female, 7 male), ages 19-30, were shown 224 randomized images that were either unidentifiably scrambled or real pictures. Real pictures were separated into two categories: threatening (weapons, combat, nature or animals) and nonthreatening (pleasant situations, food, nature or animals). While wearing an EEG cap, participants were asked to push a button with their right index finger for real items and another button with their right middle finger for nonreal/scrambled items. EEG results revealed that threatening images evoked an early increase in theta activity in the occipital lobe (the area in the brain where visual information is processed), followed by a later increase in theta power in the frontal lobe (where higher mental functions such as thinking, decisionmaking, and planning occur). A left lateralized desynchronization of the beta band, the wave pattern associated with motor behavior (like the impulse to run), also consistently appeared in the threatening condition. This study will serve as a foundation for future work that will explore normal versus abnormal fear associated with an object in other atypical populations including individuals with PTSD. iF Wishing you a happy, safe, and brain healthy holiday season, Tests reveal that the most dramatic connectivity increases appear when an individual first starts using marijuana, and the younger the person when he or she first begins using marijuana regularly, the greater the structural and functional connectivity increases. Findings also show a direct correlation between connectivity increases and severity of use. .3 er ug Our hearts overflow with gratitude for this unique opportunity to push the boundaries of brain science while embracing the chance to improve the human condition. In 2015 we will continue to search for biomarkers of brain health and ways to strengthen brain function, structure and performance at all levels in health, injury and disease. We proudly do this in the interest of empowering our brains to contribute to the best possible quality of life, fueling our ever-expanding lifespans. ” “We have seen a steady increase in the incidence of marijuana use since 2007,“ said Dr. Filbey. “However, research on its long-term effects remains scarce despite the changes in legislation surrounding marijuana and the continuing conversation surrounding this relevant public health topic.” “The results suggest increases in connectivity, both structural and functional, that may be compensating for gray matter losses,” said Dr. Sina Aslan, founder and president of Advance MRI, LLC and adjunct assistant professor at The University of Texas at Dallas. “Eventually, however, the structural connectivity or ‘wiring’ of the brain starts degrading with prolonged marijuana use.” www.CenterForBrainHealth.org or 214.905.3007 Made possible by the generosity and vision of The Brain: An Owner's Guide, the Center's annual sell-out public lecture series, delivers groundbreaking brain health research straight from renowned leaders in the field every Tuesday night in February. Join us for sips, bites and an illuminating evening. Reception begins at 6:15 p.m., and lecture starts at 7 p.m. February 3 February 10 February 17 February 24 The Emy Lou & Jerry Baldridge Lecture | The Winner Effect: How Power Affects Your Brain Dr. Ian Robertson The Terry & MG (R) Lee Baxter Lecture | Heartbreak to Healing: How One Warrior’s Parents are Waging War Against Veteran Suicide Dr. & Mrs. Howard Somers, moderated by Krys Boyd (KERA Think!) The Bert Headden & Cindy Thomas Lecture | Utilize Your Brain’s Plasticity for Brain Health Dr. Michael Merzenich The Brain Science Behind Golf: Why Some Experience the “Yips” Dr. Debbie Crews The most underestimated brain enhancing agent is empowerment, Dr. Robertson argues. Power’s effects on the dopamine system in particular can enhance cognitive and emotional function but in excess can disrupt them. How can we harness the effects of power and empowerment to get the most out of our brains at every age? “Too trapped in war to be at peace, too damaged to be at war” were the words Army Veteran Daniel Somers wrote in a note for his family before he took his own life on June 10, 2013. His parents, Jean and Howard Somers, are determined to use their son’s death to raise awareness of the struggles veterans face once home, expose gaps in healthcare for service members and repair a broken Veterans Affairs system. Learn how they are taking their fight from Washington, D.C. to the California coast and how you can join their efforts to affect positive change now. There’s a revolution in the understanding of the origins of our human abilities. We now know that the brain is continually “plastic,” subject to improvement at any age in life. How can we marshal this great human asset to optimize our well-being and health? Dr. Merzenich, who is often called “the father of brain plasticity,” will share the latest research and discuss how the things we do every day can change our brains for the good—or the bad. What happens when an athlete, who has undoubtedly dedicated their life to training for the perfect performance, suddenly loses all control when it counts the most? Dr. Crews will share the fascinating behavioral, cognitive, and psychophysiological science behind getting the “yips” in the game of golf and learning to play with the yips. The brain pattern of “yippers” and “golfers who help the ball into (out of) the hole” (also known as manipulators) look very similar, but for some golfers this can change with training. Yippers and manipulators can learn to get the ball in the hole! 4 Leadership Spotlight More than 150 of Dallas’ most beautiful and talented young-professional females took the field at the Cotton Bowl for the 7th Annual BvB Dallas Powder-Puff Football Game presented by Bud Light on August 16. Founded by sisters whose father was afflicted by Alzheimer’s, BvB exceeded its 2014 goal of $400,000 to raise more than $441,000 toward eradicating the grave disease. This year’s game benefited the Center for BrainHealth and UT Southwestern Medical Center. Over the last seven years, BvB has raised more than $1.8 million. Each year Team Blonde, Team Brunette and coaches spend the months of May through August preparing for game day, “Big D Powder Puff Tackling Alzheimer’s (BvB Dallas) was thrilled to announce the Center for BrainHealth as one of our Season 7 beneficiaries,” said BvB Dallas Board President, Jennifer Bergman. “The Center for BrainHealth has impressed us with their innovative research and programs dedicated to Alzheimer’s disease. Our partnership with the Center is important not only to our mission, but also to our participants, many who are personally affected by Alzheimer’s. We have greatly enjoyed working with the Center, their staff and volunteers. Their support during our 7th Season has been instrumental in our success, and we look forward to seeing what BvB Dallas can help the Center for BrainHealth accomplish.” “Alzheimer’s disease is a formidable foe, listed as number 3 of America’s top killers behind heart disease and cancer. And while the brain disease is a frightening diagnosis, scientific discoveries are bringing new hope for those living with the disease and those at risk for developing it,” said Sandra Bond Chapman, Ph.D., Founder and Chief Director of the Center for BrainHealth. “Our research at the Center for BrainHealth is contributing to solutions that will one day reduce risk, and help to earlier diagnose and treat Alzheimer’s disease effectively. With the support of BvB, we can continue to make great strides in building brain resilience and maximizing cognitive performance across the lifespan in health, injury and disease.” BR AINHE ALTH RESE ARCH Social cognition is what allows us to relate to others; it informs our ability to read facial expressions and take turns during a conversation. People on the autism spectrum and individuals with schizophrenia score lower than healthy controls on social cognition tests, leading scientists to believe for years that the two populations may have comparable social skills. However, a new Center for BrainHealth study found that despite similar social cognitive abilities, individuals with autism are more adept at reasoning when it comes to understanding analogies. A strength-based intervention for people recently diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia. We d n e s d a y M o r n i n g s running training drills and raising at least $1,000 each for the cause. More than 3,500 fans brave the triple-digit temperatures to cheer on their favorite team. Kimber Hartmann (Development Director, Center for BrainHealth), Greer Fulton (Event Chair, BvB), Jennifer Bergman (Board President, BvB) Discover y Group “The findings are actually quite surprising,” explained Dan Krawczyk, Ph.D., Debbie and Jim Francis Chair in BrainHealth. “Social cognition and reasoning go hand in hand; individuals with mild autism spectrum disorder seem to be immune to their social cognitive deficits when it comes to reasoning in similar situations.” The study, published in Frontiers of Neuroscience, is the first to examine analogical reasoning in schizophrenia. Forty-three participants were tested on 24 analogies of varying content. 10 -1 1 :3 0 a m F e b r u a r y 1 1 – A p r i l 1 , 20 1 5 • Engagement focusing on strengths • Education on the diagnosis and strategies to optimize function • Inspiration from learning from others living with a diagnosis Family members are invited to attend a support group that will meet at the same time. This group will be facilitated by the Alzheimer’s Association. For more information, co n t a c t A u d e t te R a c k l e y a t 97 2- 8 8 3 -3 4 0 5 o r a r a c k l e y @ u td a l l a s . e d u . M a d e p o s s i b l e b y t h e T i m s Fa m i l y Initiative for Early Discover y @BrainHealth Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated lower reasoning ability than individuals on the autism spectrum and healthy controls. Interestingly, the autism spectrum group showed more success with scenes depicting living objects (people/animal) than non-living. “These findings are really counterintuitive. We expected the autism group to do better with problems that contained non-living objects,” said Dr. Krawczyk. “Apparently, when it comes to reasoning ability, problem content and social dynamics really matter.” @TrainingBrains Brain Health | Daily Curated brain health tips, tidbits, trivia and breaking research news delivered to your inbox daily. Sign up today. www.BrainHealthDaily.com 2200 West Mockingbird Lane Dallas, Texas 75235 Thank you to the numerous donors whose support funded the initiatives appearing in this edition of Brain Matters. Emy Lou & Jerry Baldridge Terry & MG (R) Lee Baxter Berman Laboratory for Learning and Memory at UT Dallas BvB The Container Store Crystal Charity Ball Department of Defense Hamon Charitable Foundation Bert Headden & Cindy Thomas Lyda Hill Lattner Foundation National Institute on Drug Abuse Jane and Bud Smith Tims Family Initiative Wacker Foundation The Brain: An Owner’s Guide 2015 Lecture Series tickets on sale now. For speaker lineup and dates, look inside or visit www.CenterForBrainHealth.org. 214 .905.30 07 CenterForBrainHealth.org Non-Profit U.S. Postage Paid Richardson, TX 75080 Permit No. 108 Legacy Award Dinner Honoring Lyda Hill November 11, 2014 Jake Schick (USMC, Retired), Sara Poquette (USA Veteran), Chris Talcott (USA, Retired), Maj. Gen. Lee Baxter (USA, Retired), Morgan Luttrell (US Navy SEAL, Retired), Lyda Hill, Dr. Sandi Chapman, Eric Bennett, Joshua Parker (USA Veteran), Mike Rials (USMC Veteran), Matthew Melton (US Navy SEAL Veteran), Corinne Stevens (USA Veteran), KeeShaun Coffey (US Navy Veteran), Matthew Neyland (USMC Veteran) On November 11, Veterans Day, the Center for BrainHealth celebrated Lyda Hill and her commitment to America’s servicemen and women, presenting her with its highest honor, the Legacy Award, which recognizes the pioneering spirit of individuals whose vision and dedication to brain research enable the Center to explore the vast potential of the human mind. Ms. Hill credited her nephew, Michael Wisenbaker, an Air Force F-16 pilot and Iraq war veteran, with inspiring her to make a gift to the Center’s Brain Performance Institute to address the often overwhelming and unseen injuries of war that make the transition from military to civilian life difficult. Her $2 million contribution activated the Warrior Training Team, mobile units of clinicians and veterans who deliver effective, evidencebased programs that build brain resilience, achieve brain regeneration and reverse losses in cognitive function. Jan & Trevor Rees-Jones Scottie Breault & Jim Dondero Jerry Baldridge, Jane & Bud Smith Del Frnka & Caroline Rose Hunt “Lyda, having a warrior’s spirit herself, knew she had to do something…And that she has done”, said Sandra Chapman, Ph.D., BrainHealth Founder and Chief Director. “Lyda’s gift ignited the extension of our proven trainings to go well beyond our current Department of Defense funded research. Her gift...has been transformative — launching stressinoculating and brain health building programs to hundreds of military service members and their families — farther and faster than we ever imagined possible.” The Warrior Training Team has reached more than 500 warriors, including active duty elite special forces, veterans, and military spouses and caregivers, in eight states and Washington, DC in the last year. Projections for next year are in the thousands. Past Legacy Award recipients include Dianne Cash, Debbie Francis, T. Boone Pickens, James Huffines, Dee Wyly, Daryl Johnston & Lee Roy Jordan, and Jane & Bud Smith. Nancy & Bob Wilbur Nancy Perot, Ross & Margot Perot, Carolyn & Karl Rathjen Dianne Cash & Ward Hunt Jr. Sandy Rouse, Mary Ann Cree & Tommy Rouse Lynn McBee Dinner Chair Lynn McBee commenced the program describing Ms. Hill as “an individual who truly epitomizes the meaning of giving through serving those who have served,” saying to Ms. Hill, “You approach everything with gusto! And tonight we hope to show you the same gusto as we celebrate you and the lives you touch.” Bill & Gail Plummer, Henry & Rita Hortenstine Pam & John Borders, Suzanne & Lance Charriere The Event Held at The Joule Hotel, Legacy was attended by approximately 250 guests, including many of our nation’s treasured veterans. The Legacy Award Dinner was sponsored by: Gold: $25,000 Al Hill Jr. Gene & Jerry Jones Family Foundation Toni & Boone Pickens PlainsCapital Bank Barbara & Steve Durham, Lucy Billingsley Kathleen Parker, Lindsey Campbell, Margretta Wikert, Matthew Neyland Paul & Gayle Stoffel Bronze: $10,000 Ruth & Ken Altshuler Lucy & Henry Billingsley Peggy Dear Barbara & Steven H. Durham Debbie & Jim Francis Carol & Jeff Heller Highland Capital Management Bobby B. Lyle Elizabeth Fronterhouse, Patty Huffines, Holly Huffines, Lynette Thweatt Bess & Ted Enloe Morgan & Leslie Luttrell, Toni & Boone Pickens Debbie & Jim Francis, Jenny & Gen. Buzz Moseley (USAF, Retired), Bobby Lyle Silver: $15,000 Sally & Forrest Hoglund, Rita & Henry Hortenstine, & Sandy & Tommy Rouse The Alinda Hill Wikert Foundation Jessica & Bill Jesse Tina & Brendan Bass, Heather Conover & Ron Hoxworth Eugene McDermott Foundation Carolyn & Karl Rathjen/ Nancy Perot & Rod Jones Katherine & Eric Reeves Jane & Bud Smith Mr. & Mrs. Ray W. Washburne Wells Fargo Private Bank Host Committee: Peggy & Richard Allison; Ruth & Ken Altshuler; Diane & Hal Brierley; Barbara & Don Daseke; Peggy Dear, Barbara & Steve Durham; Bess & Ted Enloe; Debbie & Jim Francis; Al Hill Jr.; Sally & Forrest Hoglund; Caroline Rose Hunt; Gene & Jerry Jones; Bobby B. Lyle; Lydia & Dan Novakov; Alice & Erle Nye; Margot & Ross Perot; Nancy Perot & Rod Jones; Toni & Boone Pickens; Carolyn & Karl Rathjen; Betty & Gerald Regard; Deedie & Rusty Rose; Jane & Bud Smith; Elisa & Stephen Summers; Heather & Ray Washburne; Alinda & Jim Wikert; Cody Wikert; Margretta Wikert; Lindsey & Michael Wisenbaker; and Wesley Wisenbaker DONORS We warmly thank our 2014 donors, those who are listed and those who chose to remain anonymous. Anonymous Mr. & Mrs. Robert Abbott Mr. & Mrs. Tom Abbott Ms. Marcia Abernethy Mr. & Mrs. Patrick Abernethy Mr. Charles Acker Mr. & Mrs. Charlie Adams Mr. Matt Akin Mrs. Chloe Albanesius Mr. & Mrs. Joe Aldridge Mr. & Mrs. Joe Alexander Mr. Greg Allen / Allen Family Charitable Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Richard Allison Mr. & Mrs. Pierce Allman Dr. & Mrs. Ken Altshuler / The Ruth C. and Charles S. Sharp Foundation Inc. 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Hampton Mr. & Mrs. Steve Hanna Mr. Robert Hanton Ms. Linda Hardison Ms. Marie Park & Mr. Joe Hardt Mr. & Mrs. Alan Harris Mr. & Mrs. Chris Harris Mr. & Mrs. Mitch Hart Miss Tanner Hartnett Mr. Jake Harvey Mr. & Mrs. Ed Hawes Mr. & Mrs. Ralph Hawkins Mr. & Mrs. Bill Hayner Dr. & Mrs. Fred Hegi / Hegi Family Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Ross Helbing Mr. Scott Helbing Mr. & Mrs. Jeff Heller Mr. & Mrs. Billy Don Henry Mr. & Mrs. Tuck Henry Mr. Mason Hensley Mr. & Mrs. Mike Highbaugh Highland Capital Management, LP Mr. Al G. Hill, Jr. Ms. Lyda Hill Ms. Lynn Hill Mr. Van Hill & Family Hillcrest Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Gerald Hines The Hockaday School, Inc. Ms. Marguerite Hoffman Mr. & Mrs. Forrest Hoglund / The Hoglund Foundation Mrs. Elly Holder Miss Madeline Hollern Mr. Ryan Holloway Mrs. Peaches Homen Mr. Michael Hopkins Mr. & Mrs. Randolph Hopkins Mrs. Barbara Horn Mr. & Mrs. Henry Hortenstine Mr. Richard Houschild Mr. Bryan Houston Mr. Leroy Howard Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Howard Ms. Patty Howe HP Your Cause, LLC Mr. & Mrs. David Hudnall Ms. Eileen Hudnall Mr. & Mrs. James Huffines Mr. & Mrs. Phillip Huffines Ms. Anne Hughes Ms. Kerry Humphrey Ms. Caroline Rose Hunt Mr. & Mrs. Douglas Hunt Mr. & Mrs. Herbert Hunt Mrs. Norma Hunt Ms. Laura Hunt Ms. Dallas Hunter Ms. Amber Huseman Ms. Dana Hyatt IBM Employee Charitable Contribution IBM Retiree Charitable Campaign Insurance Industry Charitable Foundation (IICF) Mr. Glen Inderman Mr. & Mrs. Craig Innes Mr. John Irvin Mr. Peter Ivanovich Mr. & Mrs. David Jacobs Mr. Yogesh Jagtap Ms. Mary Jalonick Mr. & Mrs. Michael Jamison Ms. Lacy Janus The James B. & Regina A. Jennings Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Bill Jesse Mr. & Mrs. Richard Johnson, Jr. Johnson Family Living Trust Mr. & Mrs. Jerry Jones / Gene & Jerry Jones Family Foundation Mrs. Marilyn Jones Ms. Milla Perry Jones Mrs. Ramona Jones Mr. Philip Jonsson / Philip R. Jonsson Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Chris Jordan Mrs. Kim Jordan / The Kim Jordan Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Lee Roy Jordan Mr. & Mrs. Dana Juett Mr. Jim Justice / Greenbrier Hotel Corporation Mr. & Mrs. Joe Justice Dr. & Mrs. Kevin Kadesky Mr. & Mrs. Joe Kast & Family Mr. & Mrs. Ken Kay KDC Platform, LLC Mr. & Mrs. Russ Keene Mr. & Mrs. Stan Keith Mr. Gordon Kellerman Mr. & Mrs. Matt Kelley Dr. Jim Kelly Mr. & Mrs. Greg Greene / The Kennedy Foundation Ms. Julia Kennedy Mr. & Mrs. Michael Kent Mrs. Nancy Kerr Ms. Elena Khorokhorina Mrs. Susan Kibbey Ms. Urve Kiik Mr. Michael Kim Ms. Kathie King Wallace, Barbara & Kelly King Charitable Foundation Trust Mr. & Mrs. Christopher Kleinert Mr. & Mrs. Pete Kline / Kline Family Foundation Ms. Samara Kline & Rev. Andy McCarthy Miss Lily Knickrehm Ms. Vicki Knowles Ms. Lynn Salvino Knox Ms. Janet Koeroghlian Mrs. Sara Kogon Mrs. Joanne Korges Mr. & Mrs. Seth Koschak Mr. & Mrs. Aaron Kozmetsky Ms. Kendal Kramer Mr. Mark LaGrone Ms. Barbara Lake Mr. & Mrs. Brenton Lake AARP, Inc., Lake Highlands Chapter 388 Mr. Rick Lam Mr. & Mrs. Bob Lamoreaux / Lamoreaux Family Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Jim Langham Ms. Phyllis Lapham Miss Caroline LaRash Ms. Jean Lattimore Mr. & Mrs. Howard Lawson Mr. & Mrs. Louis Lebowitz Mr. & Mrs. Paul Lee Mr. Richard Lee Dr. & Mrs. Mark Lemmon Mr. Richard Lentz Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Lerer Ms. Hollie Lisle Ms. Nancy Little Mr. Stuart Lodge Mr. & Mrs. Alan Losinger LQ Management LLC (La Quinta) Mr. Carl Lutz Mr. Bobby Lyle Ms. Barbara Maberry Miss Anne MacDonald Mr. & Mrs. Doug Maclay J.F. Maddox Foundation Ms. Nancy Cain Marcus Ms. Shelby Marcus Mr. & Mrs. Schuyler Marshall Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Martindale III Ms. Jane Martindale Ms. Sally Smith Mashburn Mr. & Mrs. Elvis Mason Ms. Barbara Mathes Ms. Tamara Mattison & Mr. Mark Floyd Mr. & Mrs. Allan McBee Mr. & Mrs. Dale McCallie Mr. & Mrs. Mac McCart Mr. & Mrs. Doug McClain Mrs. Joyce Mays McClellan Ms. Sharon McCutchin Mrs. Margaret McDermott The Eugene McDermott Foundation Mr. Andrew McDonald Ms. Martha McDonald Mr. & Mrs. Charles McEvoy Mr. & Mrs. John McFarland Mr. & Mrs. Patrick McGee Miss Molly McGuire Ms. Joan Mcilyar Mr. & Mrs. Robert McKenny Mr. & Mrs. Ward McLanahan Mr. & Mrs. Casey McManemin Ms. Tina McNeill The Meadows Foundation Dr. & Mrs. Edward Melmed Mr. & Mrs. Jerry Meyer Mr. Brian Miller Mr. Christopher Miller Mr. & Mrs. David Miller / The David B. Miller Family Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Gregory Miller Mrs. Tincy Miller Ms. Gabriela Milmo Mr. & Mrs. Harvey Mitchell Mr. & Mrs. Baker Montgomery Ms. Susannah Moore Ms. Angela Moras Ms. Sharon Morgan Mr. & Mrs. Randy Morris Mr. Alan Morrison Mr. & Mrs. John Morse Mr. & Mrs. Robert Moses Harry S. Moss Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Keith Mullen Mr. & Mrs. Rodney Mullins Mr. & Mrs. Clint Murchison III Mr. & Mrs. Robert Murchison Mr. & Mrs. Mike Myers / Mike A. Myers Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Robert Myers Mr. Sachindra Nalluri National Association Retired Federal Employees (NARFE) Chapter 981 Mr. & Mrs. Dan Novakov / J.M. Haggar, Jr. Family Foundaiton Mr. & Mrs. Michael Nayfa Ms. Marti Nemer & Mr. Steve Scruggs Mr. & Mrs. David Nethery Network for Good Mr. Jess Newman Mrs. Lynn Niewald Mr. & Mrs. Larry Nobles Nokia, Inc. Ms. Gale Nolan Ms. Barbara Norris & Mr. Mark Mundy North Dallas Bank & Trust Company Mr. & Mrs. Lynn Northrup Mr. Emmanuel Nwakibu Mr. & Mrs. Sonny Oates Ms. Julie Ann O’Connell Ms. Susan Odom Mr. & Mrs. Dennis Oldham Ms. Meredith Olian Ms. Erin Osborne Mr. & Mrs. Dan Owen Ms. Dorothy Owen Mr. Steve Owen, Jr. Dorothy and Wroe Owens Family Fund Mr. Sam Pack Mr. & Mrs. Joshua Parker Parkland Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Mike Parks / Parks Family Foundation Mr. Dan Patterson Ms. Jennifer Payne Miss Andrea Pearson-Haas Mr. & Mrs. Bob Penn Miss Alison Perez Mr. Jonathan Perlman Ms. Nancy Perot & Mr. Rod Jones Mr. & Mrs. Ross Perot Mr. Barton Peters Mr. Kort Peters, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Nick Peters Ms. Patricia Peterson Mr. & Mrs. Al Phillips Mr. & Mrs. T. Boone Pickens Mr. & Mrs. Charles Pierce Mr. & Mrs. Scott Pinkston PlainsCapital Bank Mr. & Mrs. Todd Platt Mr. & Mrs. Bill Plummer Mr. & Mrs. Richard Pollock Ms. Rhonda Poole Ms. Kate Porter Mr. & Mrs. Robert Prather Presbyterian Communities & Services Mr. & Mrs. Martin Price Mr. Colin Probyn Mrs. Caren Prothro / Vin & Caren Prothro Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Richard Prunier Ms. Diane Purnell Mr. & Mrs. Jimmy Purse III Miss Paige Pursley C.R. Querbes Mr. & Mrs. Tom Rachal Mr. Alex Radler Mrs. Barbara Ralston Ms. Ann Ratelle Mr. & Mrs. Joel Rath Dr. & Mrs. Karl Rathjen Ms. Anne Reeder Mr. & Mrs. James Rees Mr. & Mrs. Trevor Rees-Jones Mr. & Mrs. Eric Reeves Mr. & Mrs. Mike Reilly / Reilly Family Foundation RGK Foundation Mr. Stephen Richman Dr. & Mrs. Leonard Riggs, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Jim Riley Ms. Billie Leigh Rippey Mr. & Mrs. Doug Roach Mr. & Mrs. Peter Roberts Mr. Charlie Robinson Ms. Jean Robinson Mr. & Mrs. Joel Robuck Mr. John Rocchio Mr. Campbell Roche Mr. & Mrs. Jeff Rockow Mr. & Mrs. Jeffrey Romick Mr. & Mrs. Tim Rooney Mr. & Mrs. Rusty Rose Mr. & Mrs. Will Rose The Rosewood Foundation Mr. & Mrs. William Ross Ms. Laurie Rossman / Malcolm Reed Ventures LP Mr. & Mrs. Tommy Rouse / The Rouse Family Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Preston Roush Mr. & Mrs. Dan Routman Mr. & Mrs. Bob Rowling / Rowling Foundation Mr. Doug Runkel Safeway Inc. Mr. & Mrs. Beaude Sahm III Ms. Sandra Sain & Mr. Lonnie Dillard Mr. Victor Salvino, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Rodger Sanders Mr. & Mrs. Patrick Sands Sapphire Foundation Satori Capital, LLC Ms. Kaitlyn Scanlon Mrs. Lollie Scheble Mr. & Mrs. Bill Schilling Mr. & Mrs. Paul Schlosberg / Schlosberg Family Foundation Mrs. Gail Schoellkopf Mr. Thomas Schroeter Mr. & Mrs. Brian Schultz Mr. & Mrs. Ric Scripps Mr. & Mrs. Scott Sealy Mr. & Mrs. John Sears, Jr. Mrs. Carol Seay Ms. Susan Self Mr. & Mrs. Michael Sestak Sewell Automotive Companies Mr. & Mrs. Don Shine Mr. & Mrs. Mike Shipman Dr. & Mrs. Michael Sills Ms. Lisa Simmons The Simmons Family Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Sinacola Mr. & Mrs. Andrew Sinwell Mr. & Mrs. Richard Sirchio Mr. & Mrs. Ellis Skinner Mrs. Fran Skinner Mr. & Mrs. Lee Slaughter Dr. & Mrs. Charles Sloan Dr. & Mrs. Bob Smith / Dr. Bob & Jean Smith Foundation Dr. & Mrs. Bob Smith Mr. & Mrs. Bud Smith Mr. Palmer Smith Ms. Stephanie Smith Ms. Susan Smith Mr. & Mrs. Walter Smith Mr. & Mrs. Juan Ernesto Snead Ms. Kathleen Snell Mr. Jacob Sparks Mr. Robert Spears Mr. Leishawn Spotted Bear Mr. & Mrs. Walter Sprunt Mr. & Mrs. Bob Spurgin Mr. & Mrs. Bill Squibb Mr. & Mrs. Roger Staubach Mrs. Sarah Katherine Stenseth Mrs. Joan Stevenson Ms. Tara Stevenson Mr. & Mrs. Lynn Stiles Mr. & Mrs. Paul Stoffel Mr. & Mrs. Wallace Stone Mr. & Mrs. Jerry Stool Ms. Christine Stoute Mr. & Mrs. Jim Stroud Ms. Kae Stuart Ms. Judy Stubbs Ms. Gabi Sztamenits Ms. Christa Terrill Texas Irish Foundation TexCap-Concord Insurance Agency Mr. & Mrs. Bill Thomas / B. Thomas Family Foundation Ms. Cindy Thomas & Mr. Bert Headden Mr. Jere Thompson Miss Taylor Thompson Thompson & Knight Foundation Ms. Rosemary Thornton Mr. & Mrs. Jim Tims Mr. & Mrs. Lamar Tims Ms. Shelley Tims Mr. & Mrs. John Tolleson / The Tolleson Family Foundation Tolleson Wealth Mangement, LP Mr. & Mrs. Mike Tonti / Creekwood Property Corporation Mr. Alex Treece Ms. Semra Treece Trinity Industries, Inc. Mr. Ben Trowbridge Mr. Jim Tubb Mrs. Betty Tucker / Tucker Foundation Mr. Wells Tucker Mr. & Mrs. Jess Turner Mr. & Mrs. John Turner Mr. & Mrs. Andrew Tuttle Ms. Emilee Upson Valor Farm Mrs. Rosemary Haggar Vaughan Mr. & Mrs. Ben Vig Mr. & Mrs. John Waggoner Mr. & Mrs. Jay Wagley / The Partnership Foundation Mr. Shelby Wagner & Mr. Niven Morgan Ms. Liz Waldie Dr. Kathryn Waldrep & Mr. David Waldrep Mr. & Mrs. R.L. Walker Ms. Juanita Wallace Ms. Karen Walsh Mr. Bryan Ward Dr. & Mrs. Roy Washburn Ms. Laurie Watts Dr. & Mrs. David Webb Dr. & Mrs. Gary Webb Ms. Rinda Wentworth Westwood Management Mr. & Mrs. Bob White Mr. & Mrs. Leland White Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Whyman Dr. & Mrs. Ron Wideman Mr. & Mrs. William Wiggins The Alinda Hill Wikert Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Bob Wilbur Mr. & Mrs. Alan Williams Mr. Joel Williams, Jr. Mr. Reid Williams Mr. & Mrs. J.D. Williamson, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. William Wilshusen Mr. & Mrs. Claude Wilson Dr. Ellen Wilson Mrs. Kendall Burney Wilson Mr. & Mrs. Haddon Winckler Mr. David Winson Mr. & Mrs. Larry Wolfish Ms. Norma Wood Mr. & Mrs. Peery Wood Mr. & Mrs. Seth Woodberry Mrs. Rodney Woods Mr. & Mrs. Jack Woodworth Mr. Kenneth Woolley Ms. Melanie Wright Ms. Sharon Yoingco Mr. & Mrs. Clay Young Mr. & Mrs. Michael Young YPO Northwest Forum Zapco