Chordates 1
Biology 2
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Kingdom Animals
• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular - Many cell types
• Heterotrophic
• Feed by ingestion
• No cell walls
• Diploid life cycle
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Phylogenetic
Deuterostome
Tree
Bilateral Symmetry
3 tissues
Chordates
Echinoderms
Arthropods
Molt
Don’t
molt
Protostome
Radial Symmetry
2 tissues
no tissues
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Lophophore
Nematodes
Annelids
Molluscs
Platyhelminthes
Rotifer
Lophophorates
Ctenophora
Cnidaria
Porifera
Acoelomate
Eucoelomate
Platyhelminthes
Gut
Gut
Pseudocoelomate
Nematoda
Rotifera
Gut
Pseudocoel
Sunday, March 24, 2013
coelom
Annelida
Arthropoda
Tardigrada
Molllusca
Echinodermata
Chordata
Phylum Echinodermata
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starfish and relatives
larva - bilateral symmetry
adults - radial symmetry
endoskeleton - numerous plates
spines
unique water vascular system
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Starfish Video from
www.arkive.org
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Starfish
Water
Vascular
System
Digestive
System
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Textbook
Fig. 28.27
Gonads
Water Vascular System
Sieve plate
See handout
ring
canal
radial
canals
tube feet
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Arm Cross Section
pincers
digestive gland
spines
epidermis
skeletal
plates
gonads
See handout
tube feet
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Phylum Echinodermata
Starfish
Sand Dollar
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Sea Urchin
Sea Cucumber
Phylum Chordata
Possess at some point in life cycle
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notochord - dorsal stiffening rod
dorsal hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal gill pouches
postanal tail
3 Subphyla
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Subphylum Cephalochordata
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all 4 chordate characteristics in adult
common name: lancelets
<10 cm
burrow in mud
filter-feed
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Internal Structure Lancelet
See handout
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Subphylum Urochordata
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tunicates - tough casing
sea squirts
incurrent & excurrent siphons
mostly sessile filter-feeders
Sunday, March 24, 2013
t
Subphylum Urochordata
Internal Structure Sea Squirt
See handout
Sunday, March 24, 2013
t
Urochordata Larva
Internal Structure Sea Squirt Larva
See handout
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Diversity of Tunicates
Purple Tunicate
Bluebell Tunicate
Free-Swimming Tunicate
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Subphylum Vertebrata
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all 4 chordate features in embryos
notochord replaced by vertebrae
skull
endoskeleton of bone or cartilage
large coelom
7 classes
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Evolutionary
Tree
amnionic egg
limbs
lungs
bones
jaws
vertebrae
ancestor
tunicate larva
Mammals
Reptiles & Birds
Amphibians
Lobe-finned fish
Ray-finned fish
Cartilaginous fish
Jawless fish
Tunicates
Lancelets
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Class Agnatha
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jawless fish
lamprey
cartilaginous skeleton
notochord persists
no scales
some filter feeders
some parasites
Sunday, March 24, 2013
hagfish
Class Chondrichthyes
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“cartilaginous fish”
cartilaginous skeleton
shark
jaws
dermal denticles (scales)
some predators
some filter-feeders
Sunday, March 24, 2013
rays and skates
Class Osteichthyes
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bony fish
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many swim bladder (buoyancy)
jaws
scales
gills covered by operculum
most ray-finned (thin fins
supported by thin bony rays)
very diverse
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Bony Fish Structure
Figure 29.7
+
Vertebrate
Diversity Lab
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Bony Fish Diversity
bluegill
salmon
salmon
seahorse
lionfish
Sunday, March 24, 2013
beta
Lobe-Finned Fishes
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small subgroup of bony fishes
have fleshy fins supported by bones
Coelacanths
deep-sea
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Lungfish
freshwater (Africa, S. America)
have gills & lungs
survive dry spells by
burrowing/reducing metabolism
Class Amphibians
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“both land and water”
eggs and larva aquatic, gills
adult terrestrial, simple lungs
most tetrapods (4-legged)
thin, non-scaly skin
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Salamanders and Newts
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elongated body
4 equal legs
Red-spotted newt
tail
Spotted Salamander
Mudpuppy
Sunday, March 24, 2013
Frogs and Toads
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adult lacks tail
large hind legs
Sunday, March 24, 2013
The End
Sunday, March 24, 2013