evsjv‡`‡ki fv¯‹h©: wÎgvwÎK DRvb-hvÎx
gvngy`yj †nv‡mb
1. gby‡g‡›Ui c¨vivW·
evsjv‡`‡k fv¯‹h© GKwU c¨vivW‡·i ga¨ w`‡q †e‡o DV‡Q| †gvUvgywU Avav kZvãxi fv¯‹h©PP©vq GB c¨vivW‡·i
wbivKiY Kiv hvq wb; hw`I fv¯‹‡h©i bvbv Dc-Aa¨vq Ges DËi-Aa¨v‡qi PP©v ïi“ n‡q‡Q †ek cÖejfv‡eB| GB
c¨vivW·wU †evSvi †Póv Kwi|
1947-G cvwK¯—vb n‡j evOvwj-gymjgv‡bi Ici Av‡iv A‡bK wKQzi mv‡_ `vq Pvcj wfRyqvj Av‡U©i PP©v Kivi|
K_vwU KUv¶ ev e¨½ bq; evOvwj-gymjgvb Gi Av‡M Qwe Auv‡K wb ev wm‡bgv evbvq wb Ggb bq| wKš‘, bZzb iv‡óªi
gvwjK nIqvi †h weåg Abš— m„wó n‡jv Zv Zv‡`i R‡b¨ GB `vq m„wó Kij †h, G‡¶‡Î wn›`y‡`i Rywbqi cvU©bvi
n‡q _vKvi my‡hvM Avi iBj bv| wkíwk¶v cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjv, wkí m„wó Kiv, wk‡íi mgS`vwi KivÑ Gme `vq
AvbyôvwbKfv‡e evOvwj-gymjgv‡bi Ici eZ©vj| Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgi“j nvmvb, mwdDwÏb Avn‡g` cÖgy‡Liv;
we‡kl K‡i Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡bi cÖej ev¯—eÁv‡bi Kj¨v‡Y; Qwe-AvuKv †kLvi GKUv cÖwZôvb miKvwi
c„ô‡cvlKZv‡ZB GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ `uvo Kwi‡q †dj‡jb| Qwe-AvuKv †kLv, Qwe AvuKv, Qwe †`Lv‡bv, Qwe †`Lv Gme
ïi“ n‡q †Mj| cÖvmw½K bv n‡jI G wel‡q `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i ivwL †h, wm‡bgvIqvjviv †KD GB wk¶vcÖwZôvb Movi
KvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| †mwU Av‡Rv nq wb| Gd wW wm n‡qwQj Pjw”PÎ Drcv`‡bi KviLvbv wn‡m‡e; wKš‘
Pjw”PÎKvi, KjvKzkjx m„wói KviLvbvwU †h nq wb, Zvi dj Av‡Rv †fvM Kiv hv‡”Q|
XvKv Meb©‡g›U AvU© BÝwUwUDU (c‡i µgvš^‡q AvU© K‡jR, XvKv wek¦ve`¨vj‡qi Aax‡b Pvi“Kjv BÝwUwUDU Ges
eZ©gv‡b Pvi“Kjv Abyl`)-Gi cÖwZôvZv wk¶‡Kiv †KD fv¯‹i wQ‡jb bv| Ab¨w`‡K, fv¯‹h© wel‡q bZzb iv‡óªi
KY©avi‡`i gZ ev †eva wel‡q Zuviv m¤¢eZ Lye Av¯’v ivL‡Z cv‡ib wb| Gi LyeB m½Z KviY wQj| BwZnvm ej‡Q,
evOjvq AvbyôvwbK fv¯‹h©PP©vi welqwU gymwjg kvm‡bi Avwef©v‡ei mv‡_ mv‡_B wejyß n‡q hvq| iv‡óªi
c„ô‡cvlKZvq gymwjg kvmb Avg‡j fv¯‹h© wbwg©Z nq wb| Gi my`~icÖmvix dj †Kej evOvwj-gymjgvb bq, cy‡iv
evOvwj RvwZi IciB c‡owQj| fv¯‹h© cieZx© K‡qKk eQ‡ii R‡b¨ GKwU cªvwš—K wk‡í cwiYZ n‡qwQj Ges
wkw¶Z evOvwji wÎgvwÎK wk‡íi im‡eva `vi“Yfv‡e ¶zYœ n‡qwQj| †m GK wekvj cÖm½| wKš‘ 1947-Gi c‡i hv
`uvovj Zv n‡jv GB †h, XvKv AvU© BÝwUwUD‡U mv‡_ mv‡_B fv¯‹h©-wk¶v ïi“ n‡jv bv| c‡i hLb fv¯‹h©-wbwg©wZ ev
fv¯‹h©-wk¶v Pvjy n‡jv, ZLb evOjvi cÖvPxb fv¯‹‡h©i †h HwZn¨ Zvi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi wel‡q AbvMÖn Ges
†hb GK ai‡bi ¯^-Av‡ivwcZ wb‡lavÁv KvR Kij| evOjv Z_v fvi‡Zi cÖvPxb fv¯‹h© †h g~jZ wn›`y, ey×, ˆRb
Gme a‡g©i wiPzqvj, Kvwnbx, AvBKbwbf©iÑ GB welqwU fv¯‹i‡`i R‡b¨ A¯^w¯—i KviY n‡q DVj| GgbwK meiKg
evav-weNœ D‡c¶v K‡i wU‡K _vKv †cvovgvwUi Kv‡Ri †h †jvKR aviv †mwUI cÖv_wgKfv‡e bZzb fv¯‹i‡`i †cÖiYv
†hvMv‡Z cv‡i wb| Zuviv m¤¢eZ wb‡R‡`i g‡Zv K‡i m‡PZb n‡q c‡owQ‡jb Iqvëvi †eÄvwg‡bi GB cÖ¯v— ebvq †h,
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"Work of art in the ancient times began in the service of ritual— first the magical then the religious." hv`y
Ges a‡g©i wel‡q cwð‡gi wkí we‡`ªvn K‡iwQj Av‡MB; wKš‘ †i‡bmuvm Ck¦‡ii e`‡j gvby‡li gby‡g›U M‡owQj| †m
gvbyl Rxe‡bi †P‡q e‡ov, gnrÑ Rxe‡bi mgvb bq| GK mgq cwð‡g gby‡g›U Movi cÖeYZv Z¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb
fv¯‹iiv| eªv¼zwmi K_v ¯§iY Kwi| "Brancusi is reported as saying that the spectator should not be made to
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feel like an atom in the presence of a work of art." Avevi mgvRZvwš¿K ev¯—eZv †Mj kZvãx‡ZB exi Ges
†`k‡cÖwgK gvby‡li Av‡iKiKg gby‡g›U M‡owQj| evOvwj-gymjgvb fv¯‹i wKš‘ GB gby‡g›U Movi cvj−v‡ZB c‡o
†M‡jb! Av‡iv AvMÖ‡nvÏxcK n‡”Q GB K_v †h, fv¯‹h© ej‡Z wkw¶Z evOvwj-gymjgvb c„ô‡cvlKivI gby‡g›UB
eyS‡jb| Avm‡j G GK we¯§q †h, Avgv‡`i †hŠ_-Ae‡PZ‡b fv¯‹‡h©i gby‡g›UiƒcwUB cÖavb n‡qwQj| fv¯‹h‡© K
cÖengvb Rxeb, RoRMr, cÖK…wZ, †¯úm Ges Zvi FYvZ¡KZvi Avw½‡K †`Lv Ges hvwcZ Rxe‡bi AwfÁZvi
Awfe¨w³ wn‡m‡e cÖKvk Kivi welqwU †hb a‡i IVv hvq wb; Aš—Z avivevwnKfv‡e †Zv bqB| wKš‘ gby‡g›U Movi
D‡Ïk¨ Kx? Rxe‡bi †P‡q e‡ov wKQzi D`hvcb, ¯§iY, kª×v wb‡e`b, gnr Ges weiv‡Ui Kv‡Q gv_v †bvqv‡bv|
Zvn‡j †h D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖvPxb evOjv ev fviZxq fv¯‹‡h©i Kv‡Q wd‡i †h‡Z PvBjvg bv cÖKvš—‡i ZviB PP©vq wb‡ew`Z
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njvg bv wK? A_P AvR GK_v cybi“w³i g‡ZvB †kvbv‡e †h, fviZxq fv¯‹‡h©i Dc¯’vcbvq †h Aš—t¯’ Rxebxkw³
Ges cÖvY‡ev‡ai cÖwZdjb i‡q‡Q Zvi PwiÎ gby‡g›Uvj bq, Av`wk©K bq; RvMwZK, gvbexq| †mLvb †_‡K ïi“
Ki‡j Avgv‡`i bZzb fv¯‹h© Ab¨ †Kv_vI †cŠuQ‡Z cviZ, bZzb Ges D‡ËRbvKi †Kv_vI| †hgb fvi‡Z ivgwK¼i
†cŠu‡QwQ‡jb| wZwb gby‡g›U M‡ob wb| mvuIZvj cwievi wbg©vY Kievi mgqI bv Avevi myRvZv ev Øxc¯—¤¢ wbg©vY
Kievi mgqI bv| †jLK, fv¯‹i jvjvi“L †mwjg wj‡L‡Qb, ÒivgwK¼‡ii Kv‡R welqe¯‘‡Z mvaviY gvbyl ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q, Zuvi Av‡kcv‡ki †L‡U LvIqv gvbyl, Zv‡`i Rxebxkw³‡Z Av‡jvwoZ Avb›`gq Rxeb‡eva| nq‡Zv Zuvi
cÖwZgv Movi wk¶v †_‡KB fviZxq wk‡íi g~‡j, evB‡ii Z‡ji AvcvZ mv`„‡k¨ bq, MfxiZi a¨v‡b wZwb †cŠuQ‡Z
†c‡i‡Qb|Ó3 mvaviY, AvU‡cŠ‡i Rxe‡bi D`hvcb, Aš—Z Avgv‡`i ewni½‡bi fv¯‹‡h© Avgiv Ki‡Z cvwi wb| hLb
gyw³hy‡×i fv¯‹h© wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q ZLb gyw³‡hv×viv gby‡g‡›Ui Ask; myD”P †e`xi Ic‡i Zv‡`i Dc¯’vcbvq weiv‡Ui,
RxebwZµvš— gn‡Ë¡i Qvc| Zv‡`i †cvkv‡Ki mvaviYZ¡ ev Avi wKQzB Zuv‡`i‡K RbZvi, hviv Zuv‡`i‡K †`‡Lb,
Zv‡`i mgvb K‡i †Zv‡j bv| hLb Pvw° †Nviv‡bv wkï‡K fv¯‹‡h©i welq Kiv nq ZLbI Zv‡K †hfv‡e Avgiv †`wL,
†h D”PZvq Zv‡K ¯’vcb Kwi Zv‡Z Zvi mvgvb¨Zv webó nq; †Kb Rvwb bv, GiKgB g‡b nq †h, NUbvwUi cÖwZ kª×v
RvMv‡bvB KvRwUi g~j D‡Ïk¨!
Avi Av‡Q weg~Z© gby‡g›U| wk‡íi ï×Zv Avi weg~Z©Zv A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q mgv_©K| Avi ï×Zv Avgv‡`i A‡b‡Ki
AvMÖ‡ni welq| Avm‡j AvMÖn ej‡j E‡bvw³ nIqvi AvksKv _v‡K; Zuviv, wkí‡K †`k, Kvj, eY©, MÜ, ¯^v`nxb GK
¯^q¤¢y mËv e‡j fve‡Z PvbÑ †m ï× Ges †m-B Zvi mv_©KZv| Gfv‡e wkí Av‡iK Kv‡ë cwiYZ nq; Avgv‡`i
R‡b¨ Av‡iKfv‡e hv`ygq, Dcvm¨ n‡q I‡V| Avgiv, GgZ wk‡íi †fv³viv, wkí‡K kª×v Ges fxwZi mv‡_ Dc‡fvM
Kwi Ges k−vNv Abyfe Kwi Gfv‡e †h, a‡g© †hgb hvRK ev eªv²‡Yiv, GLv‡bI †Zgwb we‡kl‡`i R‡b¨ GB ï×
wk‡í cÖ‡ekvwaKvi msiw¶Z| G †mB Avw` wk‡íiB Av‡iK cÖ¯v— ebv †hb| Avgv‡`i A‡bK Db¥y³ fv¯‹h© GiKg †eva
I wPš—vi my‡hvM †bq †hb| hw`I ï×Zv Zviv AR©b K‡i wK bv, bv wK `vbexq AvKv‡ii hvwš¿KZv wb‡q fxwZ Ges
m¤£‡gi mÂvi K‡i Rbg‡bÑ †m GK cÖkœ e‡U|
Iqvëvi †eÄvwgb wj‡LwQ‡jb, GKwU bMi AvaywbK wK bv, Zvi me‡P‡q e‡ov wPý n‡jv gby‡g‡›Ui Abycw¯’wZ| G
nq‡Zv †ek LvwbKUv wec−ex cÖ¯v— ebv| wKš‘ †h c¨vivW‡·i K_v e‡j ïi“ K‡iwQjvg †mUv GB gby‡g›U Movi g‡a¨B
†`L‡Z cvw”Q| K_vwU GB †h, gby‡g›U Moe bv e‡j wb‡R‡`i HwZn¨‡K cwinvi Kiv n‡qwQj; wKš‘ bvbviKg
gby‡g›U Movi †fZi w`‡qB hv‡”Q fv¯‹‡h©i PP©v| Aš—Z fv¯‹‡h©i †h Dc¯’vcbv me‡P‡q †ewk cÖKvwkZ; Avgv‡`i
bMi¸‡jv‡Z ¯’vwcZ Db¥y³ fv¯‹h©; †mLv‡b me wKQy Qvwc‡q GB cÖeYZvB cÖavb| wkíx Ges c„ô‡cvlKÑ `yB c¶B G
wel‡q mwe‡kl Drmvnx| e¨wZµgx KvR n‡”Q bv Zv bq, we‡ePbv Ki‡j †`Le kw³gvb wkíxiv fv¯‹‡h©i bvbv
ˆewPΨgq w`K wb‡q KvR Ki‡Qb| wKš‘ †mme KvR ZZUv `„k¨gvb bq, ZZUv welqMZ cÖfve †d‡j bv Avgv‡`i
wPš—‡b fv¯‹h©‡K wb‡qÑ hZUv †d‡j IBme gby‡g›U| Avevi wbD wgwWqv Av‡U©i ¯’vcbvwkí‡K Aš—f©y³ K‡i Zver
wÎgvwÎK wkícÖqvm‡K hw` fv¯‹‡h©i †fZ‡i G‡b †djv hvq Zvn‡j A‡bK cÖeYZv Ges m¤¢vebvi K_v ejv hv‡e|
†mme wb‡q G Av‡jvPbv Av‡iv we¯—…Z Kievi mgq GLb| Z‡e G †jLv evsjv‡`‡ki mKj cÖavb fv¯‹‡ii Kv‡Ri
†Kv‡bv ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡e bvÑ wKQz cÖeYZv, mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡e gvÎ|
2. `„k¨wk‡íi ïi“ Ges nVvr b‡fiv
"The adjustment of reality to the masses and of the masses to reality is a process of unlimited scope, as
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much for thinking as for perception"
Ic‡ii GB Dw³wU Avgv‡`i wkíPP©vi ïi“‡Z `vi“Y m‡Z¨ Ges kw³‡Z cÖwZfvZ n‡qwQj| Rqbyj Av‡ew`b Avi
Kvgi“j nvmvb wk‡í GB mZ¨ wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuviv ev¯—e †Qu‡K wk‡íi kw³gvb iƒc wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges
Zuv‡`i wkí gvby‡li mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z †c‡iwQj| wKš‘ Zuv‡`i wkí †jvKR ¯’weiZvq gyn¨gvb nq wb, mgKv‡ji MwZgq
RxebcÖev‡ni mv‡_ Dc¯’vcbv Ges aviYvq m¤ú„³ n‡Z †c‡iwQj| Zuviv fv¯‹i wQ‡jb bv| Zuv‡`i wPÎKjvq HwZn¨,
ev¯—eZv, RxebmsjMœZv Ges AvaywbKZvi †h eybb KvR K‡i‡Q fv¯‹‡h© Zvi mivmwi DËivwaKvi AR©b Kiv hvq wb|
Z‡e cÖm½wU cÖvKwíKB, KviY, wPÎKjv Ges fv¯‹‡h©i R‡b¨ GgZ P¨v‡jÄwU wfbœ Ges †mwU MÖnY Kivi R‡b¨ ïi“i
3
KvD‡K cvIqv hvq wb| wKš‘ †h welqwUi Ici ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv hvq Zv n‡jv GB †h, Rqbyj, Kvgi“j ev
myjZv‡bi wkí Avgv‡`i mKj cÖvwš—KZv, nxb¤§b¨Zv‡K wPÎKjvi †¶‡Î `~i K‡iwQj Ges cieZx© weeigyLx,
e¨w³MZ wkíPP©vi mgq †cwi‡q (†mI ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Hk¦h©B Avgv‡`i wk‡íi) wd‡i †`Lvi Kv‡j, Ges ZK© Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i, µgvMZB, GKwU cÖavb †cÖiYv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| G cvIqv fv¯‹‡h©i †¶‡Î N‡U wb|
ïi“i KvRUv K‡iwQ‡jb b‡fiv Avn‡g`|
"In East Pakistan's art world, it was a major revolution, when Novera Ahmed gave the city first frieze on
the wall of the Central Public Library in 1957 and then the first open air sculpture in 1958. We, the citizens
of Dacca, have been living with this two magnificient work for past few years. But I still think, we shall
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take generations to assess the impact of these two works on our art life."
Rqbyj Av‡ew`b Mfxi Aš—`„©wó w`‡q b‡fivi Gme Kv‡Ri my`~icÖmvix cÖfve‡K Abyaveb K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖR‡b¥i
`~i‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v e‡jwQ‡jb Avgv‡`i wkíRxe‡bi Gme Kv‡Ri cÖfve we‡ePbvi R‡b¨| Avm‡j mg‡qi †P‡q
GwM‡q _vKv gvby‡liv †eva Kwi `ywU wfbœiKg Kg©‡PZbvi AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡ib| Rqbyj Avi b‡fiv GB fvebv
Dm&‡K †`b †hb| Rqbyj wbðqB Zuvi mg‡qi Zuvi mgv‡Ri †P‡q GwM‡q wQ‡jbÑ wkí‡PZbvq, i“wP‡Z, wkíÁv‡b|
wKš‘ wZwb mg‡qi DRvb evB‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Av‡iv A‡bK‡K wb‡q Ges †f‡ewQ‡jb ‡cŠuQ‡eb bZzb DcZ¨KvqÑ
wk‡íi, Av‡iv A‡bK‡K wb‡q| GB DRvb evIqvq e¨w³MZ wkím„wói †P‡q e‡ov n‡q D‡VwQj cÖwZôvb Mov, wUwK‡q
ivLv Ges GwM‡q †bIqv| †mKv‡R me †gvKv‡ejv wkígq bq; †K‡Rv, ˆelwqK Ges KLbI AvcvZ weåvwš—‡Z
Avµvš—| Rqby‡ji KvR, Zuvi cÖwZôvb Mov, ZvB Zuvi mgKv‡j ¯^xK…Z nIqvi cvkvcvwk mgv‡jvwPZ, weZwK©ZI
e‡U| LvwbKUv Bs‡iwR‡Z Ò_¨vsK‡jmÓ †Zv e‡UB| Ab¨w`‡K b‡fiv fv¯‹‡h©i k~b¨Zvq GK AK¯§vr cÖcvZ| mg‡qi
†P‡q GwM‡q †Zv e‡UB; cÖvq mgqnxb, AjxK Zuvi Dcw¯’wZ Ges wkí Avgv‡`i ev¯—eZvq| KviY, Zvi †Kv‡bv
c~e©mw~i †bB Ges †bB DËim~wiI| DËivwaKvix Movi K_v wZwb fv‡eb wb, wbgMœ wbweóZvq m„wó K‡i †M‡Qb wkí,
mgKv‡ji ¯^xK„wZwPš—vI m¤¢eZ wePwjZ K‡i wb Zuv‡K| wk‡íi ïkÖƒlv Qvov Avi wKQz Zuvi †`Iqvi wQj bv Ges †hgb
†`‡L‡Qb Rqbyj, G ïkÖƒlv cÖjw¤^Z mg‡qi hvÎx| Rqby‡ji Ae`vb cÖwZw`b bZzb K‡i g~j¨vwqZ n‡”Q, GKwU
µgvMZ cÖwµqvi †fZi w`‡q Zuvi DËivwaKvi weKwkZ n‡q P‡j‡Q; b‡fiv Avwe®K…Z n‡q‡Qb †hŠ_ we¯§„wZ Ges
i“wPi `ywf©¶‡K nwU‡qÑ cÖR‡b¥i `~i‡Z¡|
wKš‘ b‡fiv Avn‡g` GK AvaywbK fv¯‹i; gby‡g›U Movi cieZx© cÖeYZv †_‡K gy³ GK wkíxÑ AvZ¥A‡š^l‡Y wbiZ,
mw›`nvb, we¶zä, kvwš—ev`x, GKv|
"Novera— like many of her contemporaries— is symbolic of the age. Symbolic of a world struggling to
find roots, buoyed with hope and aspiration, obsessed with fear and confusion. In Novera's work one feels
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the unconscious urge to 'understand', to analyse, to see the content— the essence— behind the form."
d‡g©i mijxKiY, MnŸ‡ii in‡m¨i g‡a¨ GKw`‡K M~p Rxebxkw³i mÜvb, Ab¨w`‡K Av‡jv-Qvqvi Ø›Ø wbg©vYÑ
wÎgvwÎK wk‡íi Gme m~PK b‡fiv AvqZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb cwð‡g| ZviI Av‡M mgvß K‡iwQ‡jb cwð‡gi A¨vKv‡WwgK
wk¶vi cvV| wKš‘ Gme wk¶v Ges avivi cybive„wˇKB wk‡íi A‡kl Aviva¨ e‡j gv‡bb wb| e‡jwQ Zuvi
AvZ¥A‡š^l‡Yi wbôv wQj| †mB wbôv †_‡K wkíiPbvq Aš—hv© Îx n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| Zvi Kv‡R HwZn¨evnx †jvKR
†cvovgvwUi cyZz‡ji Mob Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| j¶ Ki‡j †`Le Zuvi Db¥y³ fv¯‹h© Avi gyi¨vj¸‡jv‡Z wZwb cwð‡gi
mgmvgwqK cÖavb fv¯‹i‡`i cÖeYZvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i wÎgvwÎK wk‡íi HwZn¨‡K mswk−ó Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Avevi
cwð‡gi †nbix gy¨i, evieviv †ncIqv‡_©i fvBUvwjwU wKsev n¨vÝ Avc©-Gi ‰Re weKv‡ki aviYv¸wj †h cÖvP¨ Ges
Avwd«Kvi cÖvPxb wk‡íi Øviv AbycÖvwYZ G wel‡qI wZwb AewnZ wQ‡jb| Db¥y³ Dc¯’vcbvq b‡fiv GiKg mswk−ó
Avav‡ii g‡a¨ f‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb Avg-Rxe‡bi B‡gR| Gme B‡gR wbivfiY, mij Ges LvwbK Zij †ivgvw›UKI
e‡U| wKš‘ b‡fiv GKwU Db¥y³ †¯úm, Zvi cÖvK…wZK Aven, ¯’vcZ¨, FZz weeZ©‡b †mLv‡b Av‡jvi w`K cwieZ©bÑ
Ggwb wbqvgK¸wj‡K fvebvq †i‡L Gme KvR m¤úbœ K‡iwQ‡jb| fv¯‹‡h©i welq Ges Dc¯’vcbv‡K hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb
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Rxeb I mg‡qi mv‡_| †mLv‡b, ¯’vcb¯’‡j, fv¯‹h©wU hvwcZ Rxe‡bi Ask n‡q DV‡eÑ Gfv‡e fve‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb
wZwb| G Zuvi GKiK‡gi Aš—h©vÎv| b‡fiv cÖvP¨ †`kxq Ava¨vwZ¥KZv‡K Abyaveb Ki‡Z Av‡iK gvÎvq Aš—h©vÎx
n‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi Qvc Av‡Q Zvi kvwš— wk‡ivbv‡gi KvR¸‡jv‡Z| Avevi cvðv‡Z¨i dg©vwjwU‡K cy‡ivcywi †S‡o †d‡j
wZwb Ggb wKQz KvR K‡i‡Qb †h¸wji Òewnt‡iLv mijZi Ges †KŠwYKZv I ˆiwLKZv K‡g †MvjvK…wZ cÖavb,
AwaKZi cÖKvkagx© I e¨w³MZÓ7| Gme Kv‡R mijxK…Z bvixg~wZ© bvbv Awfe¨w³‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZK‚j
mg‡qi hvÎx b‡fiv Avn‡g‡`i cxwoZ, AwbwðZ, ¶zä, nvi bv gvbv Awfe¨w³ Gme|
wKš‘ b‡fivi ¯^‡`k hvcb ¯’vqx n‡jv bv, fv¯‹‡h©i AvaywbKZvi m¤¢vebv¸‡jv wPwýZ n‡jv Zuvi Kv‡R, wKš‘ cÖeYZv
wbwg©Z n‡jv bv| Zvi cÖ¯’v‡bi mv‡_B Avgiv wd‡i †Mjvg †mB eÜv‡Z¡Ñ fv¯‹‡h©i, hv Pjgvb wQj Zvi Av‡M| m¤¢eZ
GLv‡bB cÖwZôv‡bi Afve Avgiv Abyfe Kwi| cÖwZôvb µgvMZ ga¨g gv‡bi cwiPh©v K‡i wVKB; wKš‘ nVvr Av‡jvi
SjKvwb‡Z Pg‡K I‡V cÖwZôvbB; cÖej cÖwZ‡iva M‡o `iRv-Rvbvjv eÜ K‡i, Ges, Kx Avðh©, Zvici,
cÖwZôv‡biB †KD †mB Av‡jvi gkvj †R¡‡j nUvq Avuav‡ii APjvqZb| cÖwZôv‡bi Afv‡e RbZv GiKg Dévcv‡Z
Zvr¶wYK D‡ËwRZ nq, Zvici weåvwš— Avi we¯§„wZ‡Z wbgw¾Z nq; KLbI e‡ov‡Rvi iƒcK_v wbg©vY K‡i| b‡fiv
Avn‡g` Ges Avgv‡`i fv¯‹h© GgZ Uª¨v‡RwWi wkKviÑ cÖwZôv‡bi Afv‡eB|
3. cÖwZôvbÑ Ave`yi iv¾v‡Ki wgkbvix eªZ
fv¯‹‡h©i cÖwZôvb Movi KvRwU ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb Ave`yi iv¾vK b‡fivi cÖ¯’v‡bi Aš—Z wZbeQi ci| fv¯‹i wQ‡jb
bv wZwb| wKš‘ wk¶v¸i“ Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡bi B”Qvq XvKvi Pvi“Kjv wk¶vj‡q fv¯‹h© wefvM ¯’vc‡bi `vwqZ¡ wb‡qwQ‡jb
wZwb| wPÎKjv Avi QvcwP‡Î Kzkjx wkíx Ave`yi iv¾vK hy³iv‡óª mœvZ‡KvËi †jLvcov Kivi mgq fv¯‹‡h©i †Kvm©
K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ wZwb wbqwgZ fv¯‹h©PP©v ïi“ K‡ib fv¯‹h© wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ †bIqvi ci †_‡K| wZwb KvRwU‡K
wb‡qwQ‡jb, m¤¢eZ, GKUv wgk‡bi g‡Zv K‡i| wZwb fv¯‹i n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb wK? bv wK wZwb fv¯‹h©PP©vi GKwU
evZveiY Ges Aven wbg©vY Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb? GK_v m¤¢eZ wbwØ©avq ejv hvq †h, hw` GKwUI fv¯‹h© bv Mo‡Zb
iv¾vK, Zvn‡jI Zuvi Rji‡Oi KvR, Zuvi WªBs, †Zji‡Oi KvR Avi QvcwPÎ wg‡j Zuv‡K ewm‡q w`Z †mB
RvqMvwU‡ZB †hwU Zuvi cÖavb ¯^xK…wZÑ evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i cÖavb wkíx‡`i GKRbÑ `¶ KiYKzkjx, †iLvi
AwgZ m¤¢vebvi †gavex mÜvbx, †ivgvvw›UK evOvwj wfRyqvj AvwU©÷| wKš‘ wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv ejv hvK, fv¯‹h© Movi
†¶‡Î Ave`yi iv¾vK GwM‡qwQ‡jb GKwU wgkb wb‡q| wZwb k~b¨ †_‡K ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jbÑ k~b¨B, †Kbbv, b‡fiv
ZZw`‡b we¯§„Z iƒcK_v| Avi ïi“ Kivi †¶‡Î cwð‡gi cÖeYZv¸‡jv‡KB Av`k© fve‡jb wZwb| wbK‡UB, fvi‡Z,
cwðge‡½, cwð‡gi A¨vKv‡WwgK ixwZi ce© †cwi‡q ivgwK¼‡ii nvZ a‡i bZzb fviZxq fv¯‹‡h©i DÌvb n‡qwQj
K‡qK`kK Av‡MB| †mLv‡b fv¯‹h© bvbvfv‡e hy³ n‡Z PvBwQj HwZn¨ Ges mgKvjxb ¯^‡`wkKZvq| wKš‘ ˆeix
ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek, mgv‡R weivRgvb g‡bvRM‡Zi AÜKvi Ges m¤¢eZ ¯^-Av‡ivwcZ wb‡lavÁv †miƒc Aby‡cÖiYvi
AbymÜvb‡K ¯’wMZ K‡iwQj| fv¯‹i bvwmgv nK wgZz wjL‡Qb, ÒAve`yi iv¾v‡Ki fv¯‹h© Mov ïi“i ga¨ w`‡q
evsjv‡`‡k AvaywbK fv¯‹‡h©i †MvovcËb nq| d‡j Zuvi fv¯‹h©-wPš—vi GKUv we‡kl f~wgKv i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki fv¯‹h©
wk‡í| Zuvi wb‡Ri wewfbœ gva¨‡gi cÖwZ AvMÖn †hgb Zuv‡K fv¯‹h© Mo‡Z DØy× K‡i‡Q, †Zgwb bZzb wefvM ïi“ Kivi
cÖv°v‡j fv¯‹‡h©i wewfbœ gva¨‡g PP©vi Pv¶zl `„óvš— Ri“wi wQj| Ab¨w`‡K, wZwb e¨w³MZfv‡e A¨vKv‡Wgx‡Z
Av¯’vkxj Ges gvb‡m Avš—R©vwZKZvq wek¦vmx nIqvq Zuvi Kv‡R Dcw¯’Z A¨vKv‡WwgK avivi mv‡_ AvaywbKZvi
mgš^‡qi †PóvÑ Gi †fZi w`‡qB evsjv‡`‡ki fv¯‹h©PP©vi ïi“ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi PP©vi †¶‡Î `ywU welq we‡klfv‡e ¸i“Z¡
†c‡q‡Q| 1. wÎgvwÎK gva¨g‡K Abyaveb I Avq‡Ë G‡b Zvi cÖKvk NUv‡bv; 2. Zuvi †`Lv mgKv‡ji AvaywbK
fv¯‹‡h©i PP©v|Ó8 `ywU welq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© g‡b n‡q‡QÑ GK. `„óvš— m„wó, `yB. A¨vKv‡WwgK ixwZi mv‡_ AvaywbKZvi
mgš^q| GiKg wPš—v hZLvwb m„wókxjZvRvZ Zvi †P‡q †mB wgkbÑ KvRwU ïi“ Kiv, Qwo‡q †`Iqv, wPwb‡q †`IqvÑ
Gfv‡eB †hb GwM‡q‡Q †ewk| Avi AvaywbKZv ej‡Z iv¾vK cwð‡gi gWvwb©wU‡KB ey‡S‡Qb| bvwmgv nK wgZzB
wjL‡Qb, Ò.... evsjvi gymjgvbiv weªwUk kvmbvgj †_‡K †h ivRbxwZ Ges ag©wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y µgk wbR f~wgi
HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ `~iZ¡ Abyfe K‡i‡Q, Zvi ¯úó cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq evsjv‡`‡ki wk‡í, we‡kl K‡i
fv¯‹h©PP©vq|Ó9 Av‡MB ejv †M‡Q, GB `~iZ¡ Abyf‡ei welqwU, fv¯‹‡h©i †¶‡Î Avm‡j Av‡iv cÖvPxb|
5
iv¾vK wm‡g‡›U ev avZz‡Z Aeqeagx© KvR K‡i‡Qb| `„k¨gvb ev¯—eZv ev ¯^vfvweK‡Z¡i cÖwZiƒc wbg©vY †mLv‡b cÖavb
P¨v‡jÄ wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| c‡i hLb gyyw³hy‡×i ¯§viK Db¥y³ fv¯‹h©¸‡jv Movi my‡hvM G‡m‡Q ZLb GB
aviv‡ZB GwM‡q‡Qb wZwb| Gfv‡e Av`k©vwqZ gby‡g›U Movi avivwU m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges c„ô‡cvlK I cÖwZc¶ Dfq
cÖeYZvB G wel‡q D‡ËwRZ †eva K‡i‡Qb| gby‡g›U I fv¯‹h© mgv_©K n‡q DV‡Z †P‡q‡Q| wKš‘ iv¾vK hLb KvV
Z¶Y K‡i‡Qb, ZLb weg~Z©Zvi †fZi w`‡q Kv‡Vi ˆRe Aw¯—Ë¡‡K eyS‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Ges Kv‡Vi wÎgvwÎK AvKviwU‡K
Dcjwä cÖKv‡ki gva¨g K‡i Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Kv‡Vi Zj, cwiYvn, NbZ¡ Zuv‡K AvK…ó K‡i‡Q| GB avivi Kv‡Ri
`„k¨gvbZv Kg, M¨vjvwi‡Z cÖ`k©bx Qvov GiKg KvR †`Lv hvq bv, Avi †`Lv hvq bv e‡jB †`Levi i“wP‡eva M‡o
I‡V bvÑ GiKg GKwU `yóPµ GB iKg Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î wµqvkxj †_‡K †M‡Q| cwikªgmva¨, e¨qeûj Ges wPš—‡bi
†¶‡Î RvqMvwU ai‡Z cvivi mgm¨v fv¯‹i‡`iI †evaKwi e¨vcKfv‡e GiKg Kv‡R m¤ú„³ n‡Z †`Lv hvq wb| †ek
c‡i, GB avivwU‡K ms‡e`‡bi w`K †_‡K Av‡iv cÖZxKx, ms‡KZgq, Dc¯’vcbvq Av‡iv bvUKxq K‡i Zz‡j G¸‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb K‡qKRb fv¯‹i| Z…Zxq †h avivwU ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb Ave`yi iv¾vK †mwU n‡”Q A¨v‡mge−vR A_ev
KÝUªvKk‡bi g‡Zv wKQz| avZz Avi Kv‡Vi bvbv AvKv‡ii mgš^‡q Mov Gme fv¯‹h© cÖvq me‡¶‡Î Dj−¤^ Mo‡bi,
GKai‡bi ¯’vbwbi‡c¶ Dc¯’vcbvi Dc‡hvMx, mwjwWwU Ges Zvi FYvZ¡KZvwelqK dg©vj we‡k−l‡Y e¨vß| Zuvi GB
avivwU bvbvfv‡e Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GKwU e‡ov mgm¨v m„wó n‡q‡Q hLb ewni½‡b weg~Z© gby‡g›U Mo‡Z †h‡q GB
avivi †cÖiYv M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| KviY, iv¾v‡Ki KÝUªvKk‡bi g‡a¨ Av‡Q ¯’vbwbi‡c¶ Dc¯’vcbvi PwiÎ, e‡jwQ gvÎB|
†mwU ewni½‡bi gby‡g›U ¯’vc‡bi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© bq| †Kbbv, †mLv‡b cÖK…wZ, ¯’vcZ¨, hvwcZ Rxe‡bi cÖevnÑ GB
wZbwU wel‡qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ eRvq †i‡L fv¯‹h© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq| welqwU wb‡q A‡bK weg~Z© gby‡g‡›Ui wkíx Ges
c„ô‡cvlKB †f‡e DV‡Z cv‡i wb|
wKš‘ GKUv mgq ch©š— Ave`yi iv¾v‡Ki m„ó GB aviv¸‡jvB evsjv‡`‡k fv¯‹h©PP©vi cÖavb cÖeYZv n‡q i‡q‡Q| Aš—
Z, `ywU RvZxq ch©v‡qi fv¯‹h© cÖ`k©bx Dcj‡¶ cÖKvwkZ K¨vUvjM G wel‡q mv¶¨ w`‡”Q| Gi GKwU AbywôZ n‡qwQj
1978 mv‡j Ges Av‡iKwU 1983 mv‡j| 1978 mv‡ji cÖ`k©bx‡Z †`L‡Z cvw”Q Aeqeagx© Kv‡R cvðv‡Z¨i
A¨vKv‡WwgK avivi Abykxjb Ges GwelqK DrKl© AR©b me‡P‡q cÖavb e¨vcvi ZLbI ch©š—| Avi Av‡Q KÝUªvKkb
Ges iv¾v‡Ki KvV †Lv`vB-Gi Abymi‡Y gvwU‡Z Kiv wKQz KvR| j¶Yxq †h, KvV †Lv`vB gva¨‡g Zuvi †e‡Q †bIqv
c_wU †KD AbymiY Ki‡Qb bv ZLbI| Aš—Z 1978-Gi †mB cÖ`k©bx‡Z †miKg KvR †bB| GgbwK gvwU‡Z Zuvi
KvV †Lv`vB-Gi avivwU AbymiY K‡i‡Qb huviv (P›`ª‡kLi †` Ges gbmyi Dj Kwig) Zuviv wPÎwkíx Ges fwel¨‡Z
†KDB fv¯‹h© K‡ib wb| GB cÖ`k©bxi K¨vUvj‡M Gm Gg nvmvb AskMÖnYKvix wkíx‡`i Ici cvðv‡Z¨i cÖfv‡ei
K_v wjL‡Qb Gfv‡e, "The welded metal technique of Abdur Razzaque, Shamsul Islam Nizami and
Mahmudul Haque designed to create movement recalls the works of Alexander Calder, David Smith and
Robert Muller. In the technique of metal casting Hamiduzzaman owes his inspiration to Rodin and Epstein.
The cubist figures as executed by Chandra Shekhar Dey and Mansur-ul-Karim are obviously reminiscent of
early 20th century trend of Cubism in sculpture, observable in the works of Lipehitz, Csaky and Zadkin.
Moreover, the plaster casts of Nitun Kundu, Zakia Begum, Tapan Kumar Das have distinct flavour of
10
Henry Moore."
Gic‡ii cÖ`k©bxwU 1983 mv‡ji| †`L‡Z cvw”Q †gŠj cÖeYZv¸‡jv GKBiKg| weg~Z© KÝUªvKkb‡K wN‡i gby‡g‡›Ui
wPš—vi exR †`Lv hv‡”Q wbZzb KzÊyi Kv‡R, g„Yvj n‡Ki Kv‡R| Aeqeagx©Zvi DrKl©, A¨vKv‡WwgK avivq, GKwU
j¶¨ e‡U wKš‘ ¯^vfvweKZ¡‡K AwZµg Kivi c_ LuyR‡Qb wkíxiv bvbvfv‡e| ivmvi Kv‡Vi Kv‡R Gi cÖwZdjb
j¶Yxq| Ab¨w`‡K †ZŠwdKzi ingvb mijxK…Z d‡g©i ga¨ w`‡q †¯úm Ges †b‡MwUf †¯ú‡mi GK bZzb Muv_v iPbv
Ki‡Z PvB‡Qb; †mLv‡b w¯’i wÎgvwÎKZvi g‡a¨ PwjòzZvi AbyfeI GK bZzb cÖvwß| nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb Zuvi avZe
XvjvB Gi KvR¸‡jv‡Z welq Ges Dc¯’vcbvq GK Abb¨ cÖKvkev`x wkíiƒ‡c †cŠu‡Q‡Qb| Gmgq †_‡KB wZwb
evsjv‡`‡ki fv¯‹‡h© GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bvg Ges fv¯‹h© iPbvq me¨mvPx Kgx©| GmgqI Aek¨ Gbvgyj nK wjL‡Qb,
Òwk‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi AvaywbK fv¯‹h© †_‡K Zuviv †cÖiYv jvf K‡i‡Qb| myZivs Avgv‡`i AwaKvsk wkíxi fv¯‹h©
K‡g©i g‡a¨ †gŠwjKZvi mÜvb Kivi cwie‡Z© LuyR‡Z n‡e wkíxi mÜvbx gbÑ †h gb gvbexq gh©v`vi Aegvbbv,
`vwi`ª I AZ¨vPvi Drcxob †`‡L †e`bv-fvivµvš—|Ó11
6
`wyU welq j¶ Kwi| fv¯‹i wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ bb GiKg GKvwaK wPÎwkíx cÖ`k©bx¸‡jv‡Z Ask wb‡qwQ‡jb| gbmyi
Dj Kwig Ges P›`ª‡kLi †`-i K_v Av‡MB D‡j−L K‡iwQ| kvgmyj Bmjvg wbRvgx Ges Ave`ym mvËvi `ywU
cÖ`k©bx‡ZB Dcw¯’Z| cÖvq mvZ eQ‡ii e¨eav‡b AbywôZ `ywU cÖ`k©bx‡ZB Zuv‡`i Dcw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y wK GiKg fvevi
my‡hvM Av‡Q †h, fv¯‹h©‡K wb‡R‡`i Awfe¨w³ Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨g wn‡m‡e fve‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Zuviv; wKš‘ wbqwgZ n‡q
IVv nq wb? Aš—Z wbRvgxi Kv‡R GK ai‡bi avivevwnKZvi QvcI †hb i‡q‡Q| Avevi gvngy`yj nK ev wR. Gm.
Kwei GKevi K‡iB KvR K‡i‡Qb fv¯‹h© gva¨‡g; Zvici Zuviv wPÎKjvi ¯^bvgab¨ wkíx, fv¯‹‡h© Avi AvMÖnx nb
wb| wKš‘ kw³gvb wPÎwkíx‡`i fv¯‹h© wbg©vY GKwU ¯^vfvweK NUbv wek¦Ry‡oB| Avgv‡`i †`‡k †mUv N‡U wb| Avevi
D‡ëvw`‡K, Avgv‡`i cÖ_g cÖR‡b¥i fv¯‹iiv, Ave`yi iv¾vK †_‡K ïi“ K‡i wbZzb KzÊy, Av‡bvqvi Rvnvb,
nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb, ‰mq` Ave`yj−vn Lvwj`Ñ Giv mK‡jB Pvi“Kjvi mœvZK-c~e© cvVwU MÖnY K‡i‡Qb wPÎKjv‡ZB|
Gu‡`i g‡a¨ Ave`yi iv¾vK Ges wbZzb KzÊy Avg„Zz¨ Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb fv¯‹h© PP©vi cvkvcvwk Ges nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb
wbqwgZB Qwe Avu‡Kb Zuvi fv¯‹‡h©i e¨vcK e¨¯—Zvi gv‡SI| cÖkœ Rv‡M, fv¯‹i‡`i GKUv AvZ¥cwiP‡qi msK‡U
†fvMvi e¨vcvi i‡q wM‡qwQj wK bv, A_ev, GKwU wkígva¨g wn‡m‡e fv¯‹‡h©i m¤¢vebv GK ai‡bi †hŠ_ mw›`»Zvi
wkKvi n‡qwQj wK bv| wØZxq †h welqwU j¶ Kwi Zv n‡jv nvwi‡q hvIqv fv¯‹‡ii msL¨vwaK¨| cÖ_g cÖ`k©bxi †ek
KRb Avi wØZxq cÖ`k©bx‡Z †bB| GB welqwU Av‡iv ¯úó n‡q I‡V RvZxq, bexb wKsev Gkxq wØevwl©K cÖ`k©bxi
K¨vUvjM¸‡jv †`L‡j| fv¯‹‡h©i cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v †kl Kievi ci fv¯‹iiv wkím„wó‡Z wbqwgZ _vK‡Qb bv, A‡b‡K
nvwi‡q hv‡”Qb cy‡ivcywi| A‡b‡K nq‡Zv RvZxq ev Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡qi Gme ev‡ivqvwi cÖ`k©bx‡Z AskMÖnY K‡ib
bv bvbv Kvi‡Y; wKš‘ †m‡¶‡Î Zuv‡`i KvR †`Lvi Avkv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i e¨w³MZ ev †hŠ_fv‡e Av‡qvwRZ cÖ`k©bx‡Z
A_ev †Kv‡bv Db¥y³ ¯’v‡b ev †Kv‡bv ¯’vc‡Z¨i NwbôZvq| GiKgUv N‡U bv A‡bK fv¯‹‡ii †¶‡ÎB| Gi KviY¸‡jv
A‡bK †¶‡ÎB Lye †K‡Rv ˆelwqKZvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³| G wel‡q c‡i ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv hv‡e|
4. gyw³hy× I gby‡g›U
gyw³hy× gby‡g›U Movi my‡hvM K‡i w`j| `yw`K †_‡K welqwU myMg n‡jv| gyw³hy× gvby‡li g‡a¨ m„wó Kij RqMuv_v,
exie›`bv iPbv Ges Dc‡fv‡Mi AvKv•¶v| Avi a‡g©i åƒKzwU †hb Dcw¶Z nevi my‡hvM †cj †mB D`vi, bexb
cZvKvi Kv‡j| gyw³hy‡×i cÖ_g gby‡g›U RvMÖZ †PŠi½x| Ave`yi iv¾vK evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi D‡`¨v‡M GB
fv¯‹h©wU wbg©vY K‡ib| XvKvi A`~‡i Rq‡`ecyi †PŠiv¯—vi †gv‡o evBk dzU DuPy GKwU †e`xi Ici `uvwo‡q Av‡Q GB
AvVv‡iv dzU DuPz fv¯‹h©wU| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kjvfe‡bi mvg‡b ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q gyw³hy‡×i Av‡iK AvBKwbK fv¯‹h©
Aciv‡Rq evsjv| Gi wbg©vZv ˆmq` Ave`yj−vn Lvwj`| gvwU †_‡K Gi D”PZv cÖvq AvVv‡iv dzU| GB `ywU fv¯‹h©
gyw³hy‡×i fv¯‹h© Movi †¶‡Î †hb wKQz aviYv wbw`©ó K‡i †`q| Avi ZviI †P‡q e‡ov K_v Rbg‡b ÔGBiƒc
gby‡g›UB fv¯‹h©ÕÑ GiKg we‡ePbv I i“wP †cÖvw_Z K‡i| Av‡iv A‡bK gyw³hy‡×i gby‡g›U Gici wbw©gZ n‡q‡Q Ges
GLbI †`‡ki bvbv ¯’v‡b wbwg©Z n‡q P‡j‡Q| ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡q wbZzb KzÊyi fv¯‹h© mvevm evsjv‡`k, kvgxg
wkK`v‡ii XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wU Gm wm moK Øx‡c †¯^vcvwR©Z ¯^vaxbZv, ivmvi RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vj‡q GKvˇii
MYnZ¨v Avi gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ, gqgbwmsn wek¦we`¨vj‡q k¨vgj †PŠayixi weRq 71 Gme fv¯‹‡h©i g‡a¨ K‡qKwUgvÎ
bvg| Gme wkíK‡g©i Avjv`v Avjv`v g~j¨wePvi G iPbvi D‡Ïk¨ bq| wbwg©wZi w`K †_‡K GB fv¯‹h©¸‡jvi wKQz
mvaviY PwiÎ wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb †jLK, fv¯‹i jvjv i“L †mwjg| ÒG¸wji Aby‡cÖiYv Ges cÖKvk GK ai‡bi be¨aª“c`x Ges mgvRZvwš¿K ev¯—eZvi mswgkªY| Z‡e G‡`‡k cvðvZ¨ A¨vKv‡WwgK PP©vi KiY‡KŠkj Rvbv bv _vKvq
AwaKvsk Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ ¯^vfvweKZ¡ Ges ev¯—evbyMZvi Av`k© iƒc cÖKvk cvq wb| GK ai‡bi mswgkªYagx© fv¯‹h© Gi
†_‡K Rb¥ †bq| Aš—M©Z KvVv‡gvi Ges c~Y© MV‡bi †P‡q Mo‡bi LuywUbvwU †`Lvi GK ai‡bi cÖeYZv M‡o I‡V|
KvVv‡gvMZ fvimv‡g¨i `„k¨MZ Ges e¯‘MZ ¸i“Z¡ wb‡q wPš—v-fvebv †`Lv hvq bv|Ó12
Gme gby‡g›U evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q `„k¨gvb ewni½b-fv¯‹h©| cÖ_‡gB †h welqwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e‡j g‡b nq †h, GB
gby‡g›U¸‡jv me‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i cwi‡e‡ki cÖwZ mywePvi K‡i wK bv| cÖK…wZ, ¯’vcZ¨, †¯úm Ges cwicv‡k¦© hvwcZ
Rxeb‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q GB fv¯‹h©¸‡jv iwPZ n‡q‡Q wK bv| gby‡g›U Pwi‡Îi Gme fv¯‹‡h©i cwi‡e‡ki
AvZ¥xKi‡Yi ev cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ AvZ¥xK…Z nevi PwiÎ _vKvi K_v bq| †Kbbv, gby‡g›U Rxeb‡K AwZµg K‡i hvq,
Rxe‡bi †P‡q e‡ov n‡q I‡V, gn‡Ë¡i BwZnvm‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q Ges wb‡R gn‡Ë¡i `vwe`vi nq| gby‡g›U,
7
AZGe, †hLv‡b †mLv‡b ¯’vc‡bi welq bq| eis gby‡g‡›Ui R‡b¨B ˆZwi K‡i †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i we‡kl cwi‡ek
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¤¢¸‡jvi msnZ, gvbweK fvimvg¨ Avi gyi¨v‡ji welqe¯‘ Avgv‡`i cÖ¯‘Z K‡i webgª, mnR ¯§i‡Yi R‡b¨; evOvwj‡Z¡i
¯^Ztù‚Z© D`hvc‡bi R‡b¨| wKš‘ c‡i hLb ewni½‡b fv¯‹h© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z hvIqv n‡q‡Q ZLb evievi gyw³hy‡×i
gby‡g‡›Ui Avw½KwU‡KB †e‡Q †bIqv n‡q‡Q| hLb welq gyw³hy× bq, Ab¨wKQy, ZLbI Pvwc‡q †`Iqv weivU‡Z¡i
GKUv fvi wb‡q nvwRi n‡q‡Q Db¥y³ fv¯‹h©| e¨wZµg wbðqB Av‡Q| †hgb nvwg`y¾vgvb Lv‡bi Rvnv½xibMi
wek¦we`¨vjq jvB‡eªwii mvg‡b ¯’vwcZ gyw³hy‡×i fv¯‹h© mskßK| †eªv‡Ä wbwg©Z GB fv¯‹h©wU AvKv‡i wekvj wKš‘
Pwi‡Î gby‡g›Uvj bq| R¨vwgwZK Mo‡b MwZgqZvi ms‡e`b Ges Aeq‡ei giYkxj, Abv`wk©K Dc¯’vcbv GK
ai‡bi Aš—i½Zvi Abyfe m„wó K‡i| kª×v, we¯§q Ges gx‡_i NbZ¡ bq, wb‡R‡`i c~e©cyi“‡li hvwcZ BwZnv‡mi w¯’i
GKLÊ mgq †hb GB wÎgvwÎK m„wó| †hb Ô†Zvgv‡`iB †jvKÕ GB mskßK| A_ev ejv †h‡Z cv‡i ivRkvnx
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ms‡K‡Z wkíx wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb †mB gnr mg‡qi Muv_v| mijxK…Z Aeqeagx© WªBs-Gi †fZi w`‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q GB
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†`‡L bMievmx| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwU †Kv‡bvw`b cy‡ivUv †`Lv nq bv, KviY, wk‡íi D”PZv A_ev e¨v‡mi †h e¨vwß Zv‡K
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Gme gby‡g›U wb‡RB n‡q DV‡Q KswµU A_ev †jvnvi R½j, KLbI Zviv †X‡K w`‡”Q kn‡ii AvKvk‡iLv A_ev
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gby‡g›Ugq †mŠ›`h©ea©b cÖwµqv wb‡q AbymÜvbx cÖwZ‡e`b K‡iwQj AvU©weU bv‡gi wkíKjvwelqK wbDR‡jUvi|
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n‡q‡Q ÔcÖZ¨vkvÕ| Rvnv‡Ri †W‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU †e`x‡Z K‡qKRb gyw³‡hv×v| hv‡`i AwaKvs‡ki gyL Awfe¨w³nxb|
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †cQ‡b Zv‡`i cÖvq wZb¸Y AvK…wZi GKwU ivB‡dj `uvo Kiv‡bv hvi gv_vq GKwU †Mvj‡Ki Ici `ywU
†¯^ZK‡cvZ| GB fv¯‹‡h© gyw³‡hv×v‡`i is †mvbvwj| cy‡iv fv¯‹h©wU †jvnvi †iwjs w`‡q †Niv|Ó13 Ò‡kvfvea©‡bi
Av‡iK Ô`vbweKÕ KxwZ© Av‡Q mv‡qÝ j¨ve‡iUwii mvg‡b ÔAN©¨Õ wk‡ivbv‡g| †PŠ‡Kv‡bv d‡g© †ek eo GB KvRwU‡Z
`ywU KvVv‡gvi cy‡ivUv Ry‡o jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q K…ò meyR i‡Oi M„n¯’vjx UvBjm| Gi Av‡kcv‡ki evMv‡b †`Iqv n‡q‡Q
†ek K‡qKwU eK I kvcjv dzj| cy‡iv ¯’vcbvwU B‡Zvg‡a¨ A‡b‡Ki weiw³i KviY n‡q‡Q|Ó14 †hvM Kiv hvK GB
KvRwU †Kv‡bvfv‡eB GKRb `k©‡Ki c‡¶ iv¯—vq `uvwo‡q cy‡ivcywi †`Lv m¤¢e bq| †ek GKUv D`¨vb-åg‡Yi cÖ¯‘wZ
wb‡q, D‡`¨vMx n‡jB †Kej †mUv m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i| mv‡qÝ j¨ve‡iUwii e¨¯— mo‡K GiKg i“wP Kv‡iv n‡e e‡j g‡b
nq bv| Avevi D‡ëvUvI NU‡Q cwiKíbvnxbZvi cwiYv‡g| AvU©weU wjL‡Q, ÒXvKvi e¨¯—Zg RvqMv dvg©‡M‡Ui
Avb›` wm‡bgv n‡ji D‡ëvcv‡k †kvfv cv‡”Q wkíx nvwg`y¾vgvb Lv‡bi Kiv GKwU fv¯‹h©| PKP‡K †÷Bb‡jm w÷‡j
Kiv wZbwU gv‡Qi GB fv¯‹h©wU †ek DuPz †e`x‡Z ¯’vwcZ n‡jI mnmv †Pv‡L c‡o bv| †Kbbv †h RvqMvq GUv ¯’vcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b mviv¶Y hvÎxevnx evm `uvwo‡q _v‡K| Zvi Ici Av‡kcv‡ki iOevnvix weÁvc‡bi †evW©¸‡jvi
iO gvQ¸‡jvi kix‡i cÖwZdwjZ nIqvq GwU Av‡iv †Pv‡Li Avov‡j c‡o hvq| Mvwoi Rb¨ A‡c¶vgvbiv Zvi‡P‡q
eis Avb›` n‡ji †`qv‡j jvMv‡bv Rvqv›U ¯Œx‡b weÁvcb †`L‡ZB †ewk cQ›` K‡ib|Ó15
XvKv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ kn‡ii Db¥y³ ¯’v‡b, wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vjq K¨v¤úv‡m Ges †mbvwbev‡m, miKvwi, Avav
miKvwi Kvh©vjq ev e¨vs‡Ki cÖv½‡Y ev Af¨š—‡i Aeqeagx© Ges weg~Z©, wKš‘ gby‡g›U Pwi‡Îi, KvR¸‡jv me‡P‡q
`„k¨gvb fv¯‹h© G‡`‡k| Gme Kv‡Ri cÖavb wkíxiv n‡jb Ave`yi iv¾vK, nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb, A‡jvK ivq, kvgxg
wkK`vi, g„Yvj nK, ivmv, k¨vgj †PŠayix cÖgyL|
8
bv D‡j−L Kiv AmsMZ n‡e †h, mvZ Ges Av‡Ui `k‡K gyw³hy×Kvjxb wb‡Ri AwfÁZvi wbLv` Ges AmvaviY
wkíiƒc M‡owQ‡jb nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb GKvˇii ¯§i‡Y wmwi‡R| †eªvÄ XvjvB c×wZi †QvU AvKv‡ii GB fv¯‹h©¸‡jv
gyw³hy‡×i gby‡g‡›Ui kw³gvb A¨vw›Uw_wmmÑ AvaywbK fv¯‹h©|
AvaywbK bM‡i gby‡g›U, Aeqeagx© A_ev weg~Z©, MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi gvcKvwV‡Z wcwQ‡q co‡Q| Zvi RvqMvq D‡V G‡m‡Q
fv¯‹h© D`¨v‡bi cÖm½; Avevi AvaywbK fv¯‹‡h©i ¯’vbwbi‡c¶Zv (gby‡g‡›Ui wecix‡Z) GKwU e‡ov ZK© e‡U|
fv¯‹‡h©i R‡b¨ D`¨v‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb fv¯‹i I ¯’cwZiv| ¯’cwZ kvgmyj Iqv‡im AvU©weU‡KB e‡j‡Qb,
Ò.... XvKvq †Kv‡bv MYcÖv½Y ev D`¨vb †bB| mvaviYZ Gme eo cÖv½‡Y fv¯‹h© ¯’vcb Kiv nq| gy³ cwi‡ek bv
_vK‡j †mLv‡b fv¯‹‡h©i g‡Zv wkíKxwZ© ivLv m¤¢e bq|Ó16 wkíx A‡jvK ivq e‡j‡Qb, ÒmvaviYfv‡e †`L‡Z †M‡j
Avgv‡`i †mB A‡_© fv¯‹‡h©i HwZn¨ †bB| †hUv wQj †mUv n‡jv gw›`‡ii Mv‡q, Db¥y³ cÖv½‡Y fv¯‹h© KgB wQj|
evB‡i †hUv Kiv nq Zv n‡jv Iiv fv¯‹h© cvK© K‡i †hLv‡b A‡b‡Ki KvR ¯’vb cvq| Gme cv‡K© cÖwZw`b gvbyl
†eov‡Z Av‡m| d‡j cÖwZwbqZ GKUv †hvMv‡hvM nq|Ó17
5. nvwg`y¾vgvb LvbÑ wÎgvwÎK ïkÖƒlvi ¶vwš—nxb KvwiMi
wKš‘ hZ¶Y D`¨vb bv n‡”Q ZZ¶Y? Avi D`¨v‡bB ev †Kgb fv¯‹h© em‡e? AvaywbK Db¥y³ fv¯‹‡h©i iƒcwU †Kgb
n‡Z cv‡i Avgv‡`i †`‡k? Gme wPš—v cÖvKwíK n‡q co‡Z cviZ hw` bv wkíx nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb Kg©gq _vK‡Zi
Zvi AK¬vš— m„wókxjZvq| e‡jwQ Zuvi mskßK-Gi K_v| gyw³hy‡×i ¯§viK GB e¨wZµgx fv¯‹h©wU M‡owQ‡jb wZwb
1990 mv‡j| Gi Av‡M 1981 mv‡j e½fe‡b wZwb M‡owQ‡jb cvwL cwievi bv‡gi †dvqviv fv¯‹h©| Zvgv SvjvBGi GB Kv‡Ri mijxK…Z dg©, †KŠwYZKvi Q›` Ges me wgwj‡q weivU bv n‡q IVvi cÖeYZv cwi‡ek-evÜe fv¯‹‡h©i
GKwU PgrKvi D`vniY| 1988 mv‡j nvwg`y¾vgvb Avgwš¿Z n‡qwQ‡jb `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi wmD‡j AbywôZ Awjw¤úK
†Mg‡mi cv‡K© Db¥y³ fv¯‹h© ¯’vc‡bi R‡b¨| †mLv‡b wZwb Kcvi SvjvB K‡i M‡owQ‡jb Dj−¤^ wKš‘ msnZ Mo‡bi
GK fv¯‹h©| bvg †÷cm| D`¨v‡bi e„¶ivwR‡K Qvwo‡q D‡VI Gi Mo‡bi Q›` Avi cÖKvkfw½i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©| Gfv‡e nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb µgk AMÖmi n‡q‡Qb| ewni½‡b Zuvi Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ Avgiv †`L‡Z ïi“
Kwi †mme cÖeYZv hv fv¯‹‡h©i AvaywbKZvi cÖZxK n‡q DV‡Z †P‡q‡Q †Mj kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡K| "We
can now understand that modern sculpture, multiple and protean, is no more memorial, in other words, no
more statutory. It becomes a sign in space, occupation and codification in this space with what it becomes a
part, being escorted by their tension, by gap and dislocation. Even if we hope to identify it, it drives out its
meaning only in its own materiality. Self-sufficiently, it sends back to element what it forms and defines
18
itself...."
nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb µgk bMi ¯’vc‡Z¨i mv‡_ fv¯‹‡h©i mgš^‡qi m¤¢vebv wb‡q fvweZ nb| ¯’vc‡Z¨i AvK…wZ Ges
Dc‡hvwMZvi mv‡_ fv¯‹‡h©i HKZvb m„wó‡Z cÖqvmx nb Ges mvdj¨ AR©b K‡ib| Zuvi Gme KvR, wewfbœ m„wókxj
¯’cwZ‡`i mv‡_, ¯’vc‡Z¨i †mŠ›`h©, fve Ges Dc‡hvwMZv‡K F× K‡i‡Q| Avevi KLbI †hvM K‡i‡Q bZzb wfRyqvj
gvÎv, wKš‘ ¯’vcZ¨‡K Qvwo‡q hvq wb| GiKg GKwU KvR Av‡Q XvKvi cvš’c‡_i GKwU evwYR¨‡K‡›`ªi (BDwbK †UªW
†m›Uvi) evB‡ii †`qv‡j| GwU Zuvi Av‡M Kiv mskßK-GiB Av‡iK iƒc| 30 dzU DuPz GB KvRwU 50 dzU evB 53
dzU AvKv‡ii GKwU Kv‡jv MÖvbvBU cv_‡ii ˆZwi †`Iqv‡j ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| GB fv¯‹h©wUi ¯’vc‡bi w`K Ges Gi
†÷Bb‡jm w÷‡ji gm„Y PKP‡K iO †`qv‡ji LvovB Avi Kv‡jv i‡Oi mv‡_ ˆecix‡Z¨i GK `vi“Y bvUKxqZv m„wó
K‡i, wKš‘ wem`„k n‡q I‡V bv| wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki XvKv Kvh©vj‡qi Af¨_©bv n‡j, BDbvB‡UW feb bv‡gi GK K‡c©v‡iU
`vjv‡bi cÖ‡ekgy‡L Ges Af¨š—‡i Ges Av‡iv A‡bK Kg©¯’‡j Ges Avevm¯’‡j nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb ¯’vc‡Z¨i mv‡_
Nwbô mgš^‡q fv¯‹h© wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| B¯úvZ, g‡P© aiv A_ev is KivÑ bvbv †KŠwYK AvKv‡i, †`qv‡j ¯’vwcZ n‡q
†`qv‡jiB GK‡Nu‡q we¯—vi‡K _vwg‡q w`‡”Q, `„wó‡K cÖmvwiZ, AvbZ Ki‡Q A_ev Mfx‡i PvwjZ Ki‡Q| Gme wbwg©wZ
bvMwiK‡`i w`‡”Q wÎgvwÎK wfRyqvj Avb›` Ges AwfÁZvÑ w¯’i wÎgvwÎKZvi †fZi w`‡q Rxe‡bi cÖevn Ges
mg‡qi A‡gvN MwZ‡K Dcjwäi| Zuvi †QvU AvKv‡ii iO Kiv B¯úv‡Zi dg©¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKai‡bi ˆRe wewkóZv
jywK‡q _v‡K; hv Zv‡`i AvcvZ R¨vwgwZK AvKv‡ii g‡a¨ †hb wVK †f‡e IVv hvq bv| wKš‘ GB KvR¸‡jv hLb XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvi bvbv †Lvjv RvqMvq, Nvm Ges e„‡¶i g‡a¨ ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q ZLb D`¨v‡bi Abyfe Av‡iv F×
9
n‡q‡Q| Gme weg~Z© dg© Ges cÖK…wZ Avðh© wbweoZvq ci¯úi‡K aviY K‡i‡Q| Aa¨vcK bRi“j Bmjvg Av‡iv cÖvq
Aa©`kK Av‡M Zuvi KvR m¤ú‡K© mvi-ms‡¶c Ki‡Qb Gfv‡e, "He has moved to abstraction and to pure
rounded forms or geomentric forms with sharp edges and angles or irregular organic forms or rings,
sprouts, loops, cones, arches in miniature or monumental sizes, but I feel that some of his memorable works
remain the expressionist group figurative in bronze on the liberation war theme or the stylized single figure
of the Freedom Fighter in bronze or even in stainless steel pipes. The Bird Family in bronze is another very
significant work. His more contemporary abstract exercises are useful deviations which may lead him to
19
yet an unknown happy destination." m¤¢eZ Aeqeawg©Zv ev weg~Z©Zv nvwg`y¾vgv‡bi m„RbkxjZv‡K P¨v‡jÄ
K‡i wb| Z‡e hLb ev¯—eagx©, ¯^vfvweKZ¡‡K a‡i AMÖmi n‡Z †P‡q‡Qb ZLb mvdj¨ mxwgZ n‡q c‡o‡Q, Ab¨vb¨
wkíx‡`i g‡ZvB| gqgbwmsn K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui gyw³‡hv×v A_ev XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui weRq †KZb Ggwb Kv‡Ri
D`vniY| Gme KvR mbvZb gby‡g›U wbg©v‡YiB cÖ‡Póv| wKš‘ Avmj K_v n‡”Q, wZwb wÎgvwÎK wk‡íi m¤¢vebv Ges
mgKvjxb Dc‡hvwMZvi GKwU cÖavb †¶Î‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi †gav I kªg wb‡qvM K‡i †m‡¶‡Î
mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Qb| wZwb GKwU cÖeYZv m„wó Ki‡Z †c‡i‡QbÑ fv¯‹i Ges c„ô‡cvlK Df‡qi R‡b¨|
6. Av‡iv me fv¯‹h©
gby‡g›U Mo‡Qb bv Ges ewni½b-fv¯‹h© ¯’vc‡bi Lye mxwgZ my‡hvM cv‡”Qb A_ev †miKg KvR Ki‡Z AbycvÖ wYZ
†eva Ki‡Qb bv Ggb fv¯‹iiv Kx ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Qb evsjv‡`‡k? KvV Z¶Y, wm‡g›U, c−v÷vi Ges avZzi XvjvB
(G‡¶‡Î bvbv c×wZi e¨envi n‡”Q), avZzi SvjvB (ˆe`y¨wZK Ges M¨vm), †cvovgvwUi wbwg©wZ, dvBevi M−vm, BUwm‡g‡›Ui wbwg©wZ, †cvov‡bv ev ïK‡bv Kv‡Vi mivmwi e¨enviÑ Ggwb me gva¨g Ges KvwiMix c×wZ‡Z wbwg©Z n‡”Q
fv¯‹h©| †mB mv‡_ e¨eüZ n‡”Q cÖwZw`‡bi hvwcZ Rxe‡bi nvRv‡iv wewPÎ Zz”Q Dcv`vb| A‡bK ev †ewki fvM
†¶‡ÎB Gme KvR †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi K_v †f‡e wbwg©Z bq| fv¯‹i wbðqB Avkv K‡ib †h, Zvui wkíKg©wU
Ggbfv‡e cÖ`wk©Z n‡e hv‡Z Gi wÎgvwÎKZv, Zj, †KvY Ges me wgwj‡q †h Awfe¨w³wU wZwb wbg©vY Ki‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb †mwU h_vh_fv‡e `k©‡Ki mvg‡b Dc¯’vwcZ nq| wKš‘ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i Gme fv¯‹h© ¯’vbwbi‡c¶, Awfe¨w³
Ges wkíim m„wói †¶‡Î ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©| GB we‡ePbvq Gme fv¯‹h© AvaywbK wkím„wó| Avevi AvaywbKZvi kZ© c~iY
Ki‡Z Ki‡ZB fv¯‹iiv wb‡R‡`i HwZn¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡q DV‡Qb Ges DcKiY wbe©vP‡b, wbwg©wZ‡Z Ges
Awfe¨w³‡Z Zvi cÖKvk NUv‡”Qb| GLv‡b wKQz cÖeYZv wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kivi R‡b¨ K‡qKRb fv¯‹‡ii KvR wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB G Av‡jvPbv Zvu‡`i Kv‡Ri mvgwMÖK wkíg~j¨ wePvi Ki‡e bv| Av‡iv
D‡j−L¨ †h, huv‡`i KvR wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie bv, Zuviv wkíx wn‡m‡e Kg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GiKg †Kv‡bv gZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z
Pvw”Q bv| mKj fv¯‹i Ges fv¯‹‡h©i ZvwjKv cÖYqb G iPbvi cwim‡i m¤¢e bq Ges †mUv D‡Ïk¨I bq| GKvRwU
BwZg‡a¨ h‡_ó mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ Ab¨Î Kiv n‡q‡Q|
A‡jvK ivq ewni½b-fv¯‹h© K‡i‡Qb, j¨vÛ‡¯‹wcs K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Zuvi K_v Avjv`v K‡i ej‡Z PvB Zuvi †cvovgvwUi
Kv‡Ri Kvi‡Y| wZwb †cvovgvwUi Kv‡R †Mj K‡qK`kK a‡i bvbviKg wbix¶v Ges Dc¯’vcbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi
wmwjÛvivK…wZi cÖwZK…wZ¸‡jv evjy, BU GiKg DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ `je×fv‡e ¯’vwcZ n‡q GKai‡bi eY©bvawg©Zv AR©b
K‡i| Avwki `kK †_‡KB Zuvi Gai‡bi KvR ¯’vcbvwk‡íi c~e©m~P‡Ki KvR K‡i †hb|
†di‡`Šmx wcÖqfvwlbx GKwU GKK, wbR¯^ fv¯‹h©avivi m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi KvR m¤ú‡K© ej‡Qb †jLK, fv¯‹i jvjv
i“L †mwjg, ÒcÖK…wZ‡Z Luy‡R cvIqv wewfbœ Mob‡K ms¯’vcb K‡i bZzb A_©enZv `vb Kiv Zuvi Kv‡Ri ˆewkó¨| wZwb
¯^wkw¶Z fv¯‹i| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wkí I bv›`wbKZv †hv‡Mi Abykxjb †_‡KB Zuvi fv¯‹‡h©i Rb¥| wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi
mgš^‡q Rv`yK‡ii g‡Zv K‡i bZzb A_© ˆZwi Kiv Zuvi Kv‡Ri g~j ˆewkó¨|Ó20
†eªvÄ XvjvB gva¨‡g `je× gvbyl Ges Zv‡K wN‡i msnZ cwi‡ek, ¶z`ªvK…wZi Gme K‡¤úvwRk‡b GK ai‡bi aª“c`x
bvUKxqZvÑ GiKg fv¯‹h© wbg©vY Ki‡Qb Gbvgyj nK Gbvg| GKB Awfe¨w³i †cvovgvwUi KvR K‡i‡Qb wZwb Av‡iv
Av‡M| †kL mv`x fuyTv avZe XvjvB gva¨‡gB KvR Ki‡Qb| Òg‡Wwjs I XvjvB †KŠk‡j Aeqewbf©i, wg_ I
HwZn¨wfwËK, cÖZxKx I eY©bvagx© wbg©vY Zvi fv¯‹‡h©i ˆewkó¨|Ó21
10
"The environment, the inside, the outside, the animate and the inanimate, all participate in the process of
22
art." GiKg wkíwek¦vm wb‡q fv¯‹h© PP©vq wbiZ †ZŠwdKzi ingvb| Zuvi †jvnv SvjvB-Gi Kv‡R wkí-cÖwµqvi mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z Ki‡Z PvB‡Qb `k©K‡K| dg©¸‡jv m„wói cÖwµqvq †¯úm Ges Zvi ˆecixZ¨ wb‡q †h †Ljv wZwb Ry‡o‡Qb
A_ev Dcv`v‡bi cÖK…wZi g‡a¨B Dcw¯’Z †h †Ljv‡K wZwb ai‡Qb Zv †ZŠwdK fvM K‡i wb‡Z Pvb `k©‡Ki mv‡_|
†mB mv‡_ †jvnv SvjvB-Gi cªwµqvq †h DËvc Ges Pv‡ci e¨envi N‡U Zvi Qvc wZwb †i‡L †`b Zuvi P~ovš— Kv‡R|
Zuvi GK cÖ`k©bxi K¨vUvj‡M ZuviB eÜz wPÎwkíx wbmvi †nv‡mb wjL‡Qb, Òcy‡iv cÖwµqv ev cÖ‡mmwU‡K †ZŠwdK wb‡R
†hfv‡e Dc‡fvM K‡i wVK †Zgwbfv‡e `k©K‡KI Dc‡fv‡Mi Avnevb Rvbvq|Ó23 GB cÖwµqv-wkí ev cÖ‡mm-AvU©Gi GK wkíx wiPvW© †WKb m¤ú‡K© †h gš—e¨ Kiv n‡qwQj Zv †hb †L‡U hvq †ZŠwd‡Ki †ejv‡ZI| ".... it is not
appearance itself which counts, but the resonance or after-echo of the experience of looking at the piece."
24
Ave`yi iv¾v‡Ki ïi“ Kiv KvV Z¶‡Yi weg~Z© avivwU wb‡q AMÖmi n‡q‡Qb c‡ii cÖR‡b¥i K‡qKRb wkíx|
A¨vKv‡WwgK wk¶vi Ask wn‡m‡e KvV Z¶Y me fv¯‹i‡KB Ki‡Z nq; wKš‘ GB gva¨‡g wbqwgZ nb bv †ewk †KD|
bvwmgv nK wgZz, gqbyj Bmjvg cj A_ev gyKzj Kzgvi ev‰o KvV Z¶Y‡K wb‡R‡`i gva¨g wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
wgZz KLbI cÖvq-weg~Z© d‡g©i †fZi †_‡K gvbweK m¤ú‡K©i wewfbœ w`K‡K eyS‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Qb; KLbI G‡`‡ki
K…wlwfwËK mgv‡Ri bvbv e¨envh© DcKi‡Yi Av`j †_‡K Rxeb I cÖK…wZi bvbv Dcjwäi g„`y, msnZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb| wgZzi Kv‡Ri b~¨bev`x Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z nIqvi R‡b¨ `k©‡Ki ms‡e`bkxj AskMÖnY cÖ‡qvRb| Zuvi
mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡R wZwb DËi-aviYvev`x wkí‡PZbvq mswk−ó n‡”Qb e‡j g‡b n‡”Q| gqbyj Bmjvg cj Kv‡Vi
cÖvK…wZK AvK…wZi ˆewk‡ó¨i †fZi †_‡K †ei K‡i Av‡bb mej †iLv, Mfxi Lv` A_ev DËj Rwgb| Gfv‡e
ˆRweKZvi mv‡_ gvby‡li RxebmsMÖv‡gi GK Ø›ØgyLi ¯^v` m„wó nq Zuvi Kv‡Vi Kv‡R| gyKzj Kzgvi ev‰o AMÖmi
n‡q‡Qb wfbœfv‡e| cÖavbZ Dj−¤^ Mo‡bi Zuvi KvR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ bvbv Zj, bvbv Dc-AvK…wZi fxo| KLbI jwZ‡q
IVv ¸j¥ A_ev mixm„‡ci Bw½Zevnx| Avevi d‡g©i kixi †f` K‡i †MvjvK…wZi dz‡Uv Ges kix‡i †iLvi AjsKvi|
me wgwj‡q GKai‡bi Avw`g †Uv‡UgÑ fxlY cÖKvkev`x, †hb kãgq, gš¿gq| gyKzj Kzgvi ev‰o Aek¨ avZe
XvjvB-Gi Kv‡RI we‡kl cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡i‡Qb Ges wbqwgZB KvR Ki‡Qb G gva¨‡gI| Gu‡`i †R¨ô fv¯‹i
ivmvi K_v Av‡MB D‡j−L K‡iwQ| ivmvi g~j gva¨g KvV| wKš‘ Zuvi KvR g~jZ Aeqeagx©, RvZxq Rxe‡bi bvbv
cÖ‡Yv`bvq m¤ú„³| KvV Z¶‡Yi †h avivwUi Ave`yi iv¾v‡Ki Kv‡Ri †fZi w`‡q m~ÎcvZ N‡U Zuvi KvR‡K †m
avivq Aš—f©y³ Kiv hv‡e bv|
GQvov wbqwgZ fv¯‹h© Mo‡Qb Ges wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv wkícÖZxK wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb Ggb wkíx‡`i †fZi Av³vi Rvnvb
AvBwf, gyKzj gyKmyÏxb, gvneye Rvgvj A_ev †gv¯—dv kixd Av‡bvqv‡ii bvg Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
7. bk¦i, ¯’vwbK, wÎgvwÎK aviYv
fe‡bi bvbv As‡kÑ †fZ‡i Ges evB‡i, gv‡V ev D`¨v‡b †hme fv¯‹h© emv‡”Qb nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb, wZwb wK Zv‡`i
AgiZ¡-AvKv•¶x? g‡b Kwi Zuvi DËi n‡e, ÔbvÕ| †hgb e‡jwQ‡jb †gw·‡Kvi fv¯‹i †n‡jb G‡¯‹v‡e‡Wv| wZwb,
nvwg`y¾vgv‡bi g‡ZvB, fv¯‹h© Mo‡Zb Db¥y³ ¯’v‡bi R‡b¨| wb‡Ri KvR m¤ú‡K© e‡jwQ‡jb, "involves an attempt
25
to fuse hard-edge geometric forms with nature's organic manifestations" | cÖvq †hb nvwg`y¾vgvb Lv‡bi
Nvm Avi e„‡¶i gv‡S e‡m _vKv B¯úv‡Zi Mob¸‡jvi K_vB ïbwQ Avgiv| Avi hLb Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj Zuvi
Kv‡Ri bk¦iZv Zuv‡K wePwjZ K‡i wK bv; Zvi Dˇi e‡jwQ‡jb, "My considered reply is 'no', in view of the
fact that so much change occurs in present-day life—buildings are razed almost as often new ones are
constructed, urban environment changes from day to day, as do many natural ones.... so much in life is
26
ephemeral, leaving only memories; travel experiences, friendships, sound and smells, stories told." |
†n‡jb G‡¯‹v‡e‡Wv MZ eQi RyjvB gv‡m gviv †M‡Qb| fv¯‹‡h©i bk¦iZv‡K †g‡b †bIqv, AvaywbKZvi GKwU j¶Y ev
kZ©Ñ gby‡g‡›Ui wPiKvjxbZvi wecix‡Z| Avevi AvaywbK fv¯‹h© ¯’vbwbi‡c¶ n‡e GiKg GKwU `vwe A‡bK cyi‡bvÑ
cÖvq AvaywbKZvi mgeqmx| G †jLvq GK ch©v‡q e‡jwQ, Ave`yi iv¾v‡Ki ïi“ Kiv KÝUªvKkb ev A¨v‡mge−vRagx©
KvR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ¯’vbwbi‡c¶Zvi ‰ewkó¨ Av‡Q| GB aviv cvðv‡Z¨ eûj cÖPwjZ| ewni½‡bi fv¯‹‡h©i c‡¶
¯’vbwbi‡c¶ nIqv m¤¢e bq| †Kbbv, †hgb e‡jwQ, cÖK…wZ, ¯’vcZ¨, hvwcZ Rxeb ewniv½‡bi fv¯‹‡h©i wbwg©wZ‡K
11
cÖfvweZ K‡i| myZivs ¯’vbwbw`©óZv †KejgvÎ gby‡g‡›UiB ˆewkó¨ bq, AvaywbK ewni½b-fv¯‹h©I ¯’vbwbw`©ó n‡Z
eva¨| Avevi P~ovš—fv‡e bk¦i DËivaywbK wkí KLbI fxlYiKg ¯’vbwbw`©ó, KLbI Avevi ¯’vbwbi‡c¶| j¶ Kwi,
hLb GKwU wkíwk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi g„Zz¨cÖvq `kv Ges Gi Qv·`i we‡qvMvš— fwel¨r wb‡q GKwU cvidig¨vÝ Ki‡Z
Pvb wkíx gvneyeyi ingvb, ZLb wZwb †e‡Q †bb †mB wkíwk¶v cÖwZôvbwUiB cÖv½Y| A_ev, GKwU cwiZ¨v³
KvivMv‡i e›`x‡`i Ici †h wbôzi wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i hLb GKwU AvU© cÖ‡R± nq ZLb †mB
KvivMv‡ii †mj¸‡jv‡KB †e‡Q wb‡Z nq GB cÖ‡R‡±i Dc¯’vcbvi R‡b¨| Aek¨ Xvjx Avj gvgyb Acvcwe× Rj
Dc¯’vwcZ K‡ib M¨vjvwi‡Z, hw`I Z‡K©i LvwZ‡i ejv hvq GwU ivOvgvwUi †j‡K Ki‡Z cvi‡jB †ewk jvMmB n‡Zv!
Z‡e ¯’vcbvK‡g©i ¯’vbwbw`©óZv Gfv‡eI e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq †h, GwU m„wó nq GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b, Zvi m¤¢vebv I
mxgve×Zv¸‡jv g‡b †i‡L| cÖ`k©bx ev Kg©kvjv ev cÖ‡R± †k‡l wkíKg©wUi Avi †Kv‡bv Aw¯—Ë¡ _v‡K bv; GwU
msi¶Y‡hvM¨, ¯’vqx †Kv‡bv wbg©vY bq| hw` wkíKg©wU Avevi †Kv_vI Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z nq, Z‡e †m RvqMvi my‡hvM I
mxgve×Zv †g‡b wb‡q Avevi bZzb K‡i Zv‡K wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e| GKwU gRvi DׄwZ †`evi †jvf mvgjv‡bv hv‡”Q
bv|
"I would like to suggest, that in a similar way, the notion of modern sculpture as siteless, self-referential
and as a counterpoint to the monument, is a construction of a postmodern aesthetic discourse. As much
postmodern art have had a strong interest in site-specific practices, it is of course very convenient to
reinforce the notion of modernist sculpture as siteless and nomadic. In this way, art historical writing has,
once again, been able to create a linear narrative, where the modernist avant-garde defeats traditionalism,
27
and where in turn the postmodern avant-garde defeats the not-any-longer-avant-garde modernism."
wKš‘ Gme ZK©vZwK© ev K‚Uvfv‡m †Kb cÖ‡ek KiwQ evsjv‡`‡ki fv¯‹h©PP©v m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q? KviY n‡”Q, AZtci
evsjv‡`‡k wkíPP©v Gme wPš—vq mswk−ó n‡q c‡o‡Q| Gme cÖm½ ev` w`‡q Avgv‡`i wkíPP©v (Avgv‡`i †¶‡Î
fv¯‹h©PP©v)-i avivevwnKZv ev Zvi wew”QbœZv‡K †evSv gykwKj| wbD wgwWqv AvU©, DËivaywbK †mB wkí-Av‡›`vjb hv
wÎgvwÎK wkí‡K Ges mvwe©Kfv‡e `„k¨wkí‡K wec−ex m¤¢vebvi m¤§y¶xY K‡i‡Q| cÖkœwU Kx wU‡K _vK‡e Ges Kx
nvwi‡q hv‡e Zvi bq, hZUv bv GB m¤¢vebv mgKvjxb wkíx I wkí‡fv³v‡K Kx fxlYfv‡e Av‡jvwoZ, wePwjZ,
weåvš— Ki‡Q †m wel‡q| DËivaywbKZv AvaywbKZvi msÁvwqZ, †K›`ªgyLx, e¨w³MZ Avw½K-cÖavb D”Pwk‡íi
wecix‡Z AivRK, wewPÎMvgx, µxovgq, aviYv-cÖavb, MYms‡e`avix| GB wefvR‡bi mywbw`©óZv wbtm‡›`‡n
AwZiwÄZ Ges Gi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi `vq †Kv‡bv wkíxi Ici eZ©vq bv| wKš‘ bZzb wkíxiv A_ev cyi‡bvivB Zuv‡`i
bZzb wkíK‡g© †KD MYms‡e`‡bi Kv‡Q ¯úóZB †cŠuQ‡y Z PvB‡Qb gwiqv n‡q, †KD µxovgq Avw½‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z
PvB‡Qb wb‡Ri Awfe¨w³, Avi bZzb cÖhyw³ †Zv e`‡j w`‡”Q Rxeb Ges AeavwiZfv‡e wkí| fviPzqvwjwUB GLb
wiqvwjwU| GLb hv A‡bK †ewk `„k¨gvb Ges Av‡jvwPZ Zvn‡jv aviYvwfwËK wkí| wk‡íi GKwU e‡ov cÖevn GLb
e¨w³wkíxi GKK AbywPš—v, ms‡e`b Ges `¶Zvi dmj wn‡m‡e m„wRZ n‡q M¨vjvwi ev e¨w³MZ msMÖ‡n †kvfv cvevi
e`‡j GKwU cÖ‡R± wn‡m‡e M‡elYv, cÖvgvY¨KiY, Kg©kvjv ev †iwm‡WwÝi dmj wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡Q Ges Zv
cÖ`wk©Z, cÖ‡¶wcZ, kÖ“Z, AwfbxZ, Av‡jvwPZ n‡”Q †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bÑ KLbI g~j aviYvi mv‡_ mswk−ó Ave‡n Avevi
Gi wecix‡Z KLbI ev fviPyqvj ev¯—eZvq, B›Uvi‡b‡U| GB wkí KLbI `k©‡Ki AskMÖn‡Y ¯^Ztù‚Z© Zvr¶wYK
weKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q GwM‡q P‡j| GB Kg©Kv‡Ê fv¯‹h© ev †Kv‡bv gva¨g m¤ú‡K©B Avjv`v †Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbv A_©nxb|
bZzb GB wk‡íi m½x wn‡m‡e wÎgvwÎK wk‡íi e¨vcK wfbœ we¯—vi Avgv‡`i GB Av‡jvPbvq LvwbKUv AaivB †_‡K
hv‡e| †mUv Av‡jvPbv‡K hyw³m½Z cwiwai g‡a¨ ivLvi cÖ‡qvR‡bB| wKš‘ Avgiv †`L‡Z PvB, GB bZzb wkífvebv
Avgv‡`i fv¯‹h©PP©v‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| c~‡e©i GB f~wgKvi D‡Ïk¨ †mUvB|
8. gvneyeyi ingvb Ges Zvici....
ÒhLbB Avwg Le‡ii KvM‡R †`wL; hy×, nZ¨v, cÖwZwnsmv, AwePvi, al©Y, mgv‡Ri wek„•Lj Ae¯’vÑ Avwg gg©vnZ
nB| Avwg ZvB mgv‡Ri IB Ask †_‡K wb‡R‡K `~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡Z PvB| GB `~‡i m‡i _vKv †_‡K Avwg cvB Avgvi
Rxeb I AvZ¥vi ¯^vaxbZv| mgv‡Ri H me `ywe©mn NUbvejxB Avwg Avgvi wkíK‡g©i gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡Z PvB|
I¸‡jvB Avgvi wk‡íi welqe¯‘|Ó28 Gfv‡e MZ kZ‡Ki b‡qi `k‡Ki †klfv‡e gvneyeyi ingvb wb‡Ri KvR
12
m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb fv¯‹h©‡K mgvR m¤ú‡K© gš—e¨agx© AvL¨vb wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb ïi“ K‡ib| mgv‡Ri
†klK…Z¨ c`wU‡K GKwU Kv‡Ri bvg wn‡m‡e fve‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| Zvui †mme Kv‡R gvbe wdMv‡ii AwZkvqb,
bvUKxq Av‡jvQvqv Ges ewY©Z NUbvi wefrmZv, fqvenZv A_ev wb®‹iƒYZvi w`‡q fv¯‹‡h©i bZzb Awfe¨w³ wbg©vY
K‡ib gvneye| ÒZuvi KvR KqRb WªBsi“‡g ivL‡Z PvB‡e Zv wb‡q m‡›`n i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv, mg‡qi MwjZ, weK…Z Qvc
Zuvi fv¯‹‡h© GZ my¯úó †h wnsmvi bv›`wbKZvq Avgiv KuyK‡o DwV Ges ch©‡e¶‡Yi mgqUv‡K h_vm¤¢e msKzwPZ
K‡i †dwj| wKš‘ mg‡qi `vq wZwb Gov‡Z Pvb bv; gvby‡li DrmegyLiZv, ˆkkeKvZiZv, agx©q cÖkvwš—i cÖ‡j‡ci
g‡a¨I GB mgq G‡m Ggb Zxeªfv‡e †Qvej nv‡b †h Gm‡ei weK…Z w`K¸‡jv Avgv‡`i wPš—v‡K Zvwo‡q †d‡i|Ó29
gvney‡ei fv¯‹h© m¤ú‡K© GB gš—e¨ K‡iwQ‡jb K_vwkíx I wkí-Av‡jvPK BgwZqvi kvgxg| gvneye aviYvi †¶‡Î
¸i“Z¡c~Y© K‡i †Zv‡jb mgv‡Ri `vq Ges †m `vq †_‡K D™¢~Z Awfe¨w³i iƒcwU| wkí‡K e¨w³MZ Abyf~wZi g„`y Ges
cÖZxKx Awfe¨w³i mvs‡KwZKZv †_‡K †ei K‡i G‡b GKiKg mivmwi, Zxeª, D‡b¥vPbg~jK Dc¯’vcbvq iƒcvš—wiZ
K‡ib wZwb| wZwb mgKvjxb Rxe‡bi FYvZ¡KZv¸wj‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib|
Zuvi †Mvovi w`KKvi KvR¸wj w¯’i wÎgvwÎK e¯‘-mgš^‡q m„ó fv¯‹h©| wm‡g‡›Ui XvjvB, BU-evjy-wm‡g‡›Ui wbwg©wZ,
ˆe`¨ywZK Av‡jvi we‡kl e¨enviÑ Gfv‡eB DcKi‡Yi w`K †_‡K ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| Z‡e †mB b‡qi `k‡Ki
†Mvov‡ZB gvneye mv`v K¨vbfvm w`‡q GKwU Kv‡Ri Aven wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb †hLv‡b †f‡m †eovw”Qj Kc©‡~ ii MÜ
Avi mvivw`b a‡i Av‡jvi cwieZ©b †`Lv Ges †ev‡ai †¶‡Î wµqvkxj n‡q `k©‡Ki R‡b¨ m„wó KiwQj µgvMZ
cwieZ©bkxj Abyf~wZ| Zvici µgk wZwb dvBevi M−vm, aviYK…Z wfwWI wPÎ I kã, we‡kl ˆe`y¨wZK miÄvg, bvbv
gva¨‡g wbwg©Z gy‡Lvk, jvBf cvidig¨vÝÑ Gfv‡e AMÖmi n‡q‡Qb| µgk P‡j‡Qb ewW AvU© Ges wWwRUvj Av‡U©i
w`‡K| Avgiv Rvwb GB wkíiƒc GLb wek¦gq wbD wgwWqv AvU© bv‡g cwiwPZ| gvneye mgv‡Ri DMÖ wefrm iƒc
D‡b¥vP‡bi g‡a¨B mxgve× iv‡Lb wb Zvi aviYv¸‡jv‡K; cwi‡ek-†PZbv, hy×we‡ivax wPš—v, cÖwZôvb-we‡ivwaZv Gme
†_‡K gvneye µgvMZ Zuvi aviYvi †¶Î‡K cÖmvwiZ K‡ib mgq, Aw¯—Ë¡ Ggwb me wWm‡Kv‡m©| Aa¨vcK ‰mq`
gbRyi“j Bmjvg gvney‡ei KvR m¤ú‡K© m¤cÖwZ wjL‡Qb, "In his work, Mahbub centralizes the body,
celebrating its aesthetics as well as its ‘anti-aesthetics’– in the sense of its alignment with decay, abjection
and distortion. There is a marked element of the grotesque in his work which helps in effacing the fixed
notions of self. Mahbub admits to tantric influences in his work especially in his emphasis on selfeffacement.
Mahbub treats a range of subjects in his work such as local myths and history and contemporary political
and ideological conflicts. He also focuses on postcolonial issues of power, domination and control, and
30
believes in local resistance against different manifestations of neo-colonialism."
b‡qi `k‡K fv¯‹i wn‡m‡e `vi“Y mdj gvneye (G mg‡q wZwb Gkxq wØevwl©K, RvZxq Ges RvZxq bexb cÖ`k©bx‡Z
evievi cyi¯‹…Z n‡q‡Qb Zuvi Dc¯’vcbv I wel‡qi w`K †_‡K e¨wZµgx KvR¸‡jvi R‡b¨; Gi †fZi †Kej GKwU
cyi¯‹vi wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb †Zji‡Oi Kv‡Ri R‡b¨; evwK me¸‡jv cyi¯‹viB wÎgvwÎK Dc¯’vcbvi R‡b¨) fxlYfv‡e
cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jb Avgv‡`i wkív½b‡K| we‡kl K‡i bexb fv¯‹iiv Av‡jvwoZ n‡qwQ‡jb Zuvi Kv‡Ri Awfbe‡Z¡
Ges mvd‡j¨|
cÖm½wU RwUj n‡q I‡V Gfv‡e †h, GB bZzb wkíiƒc‡K fv¯‹h© wk‡íi bZzbZg iƒc ejv †hŠw³K wK bv| fv¯‹h© bq,
Zver `„k¨gva¨‡gi mgKvjxb GKwU cÖavb cÖeYZv aviYvcÖavb Dc¯’vcbv| Ges GB Avw½‡Ki †Kv‡bv mxgvbv wba©vwiZ
bq| GKwU wØgvwÎK K¨vbfv‡mi mv`v k~b¨Zv †_‡K Kw¤úDUvi m„wRZ K…wÎg wWwRUvj †PZbv ch©š— Gi we¯—…wZ|
cvðv‡Z¨B Gi ïi“ K‡qK `kK Av‡MÑ AvaywbKZv-DËi bvbv wkíwPš—v, cÖhyw³MZ m¤¢vebv Ges `k©‡bi nvZ a‡i|
GLb wkíxiv, `„k¨gva¨‡gi A‡b‡KB, Zuvi cÖKvk‡K GiKg Avw½‡Ki w`‡K †_‡K Db¥y³, µxovgq, MYm¤ú„³,
aviYvcÖavb KvR wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Qb| Avgiv `„k¨wk‡íi †h‡Kv‡bv mbvZb gva¨‡gi mv¤cÖwZK cÖeYZv wb‡q
K_v ej‡Z †M‡j GLv‡bB G‡m †cŠuQey | wKš‘ fv¯‹h©PP©v m¤¢eZ me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡›`vwjZ n‡q‡Q GB avivi †XD-G
cÖv_wgKfv‡e wÎgvwÎK Ges Dcv`v‡bi w`K †_‡K Ab¨ wfRyqvjgva¨‡gi Zzjbvq Db¥y³ nIqvi Kvi‡Y| †Kej gvwU,
KvV, cv_i, avZz, wm‡g›U bqÑ †d‡j †`Iqv cÖwZw`‡bi e¨envh©, hš¿cvwZ, ˆRe Dcv`vb (gv‡Qi KuvUv, nvo) e¨env‡i
fv¯‹h© wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q AvaywbKZvi †Mvov †_‡KB| wbD wgwWqv AvU© hLb we¯—vi jvf Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij, ZLb wÎgvwÎK
13
b¨v‡iwUf Zvi GKUv e‡ov RvqMv Ry‡o Dcw¯’Z n‡jv| we‡kl K‡i ¯’vcbvwkí, sculptural installation Gme c`
e¨eüZ n‡Z _v‡K Ges fv¯‹iiv, A‡b‡KB, nq‡Zv Gfv‡e fve‡Z PvB‡jb †h, GUvB Z‡e fv¯‹‡h©i bZzb Avw½K;
A_ev Zuviv wPwš—Z n‡jb fv¯‹‡h©i cÖvmw½KZv wb‡qB| GiKg gZ †kvbv †Mj, "The downfall of the sculpted
object will represent one of many climactic symbols for our civilization among them a realization that the
old form-shaping approaches are no longer sufficient. By rendering the invisible visible through systems
consciousness, we are beginning to accept responsibility for the well-being and continued existence of life
31
upon the Earth." fv¯‹i‡`i wePwjZ nevi g‡Zv K_vB e‡U! Z‡e †mfv‡e wPš—v Ki‡j fv¯‹i †Kb, mKj wkíx
A_ev m„Rbkxj gvbylB wePwjZ n‡Z cv‡ib GiKg c¨vivWvBg cwieZ©‡bi K_v ïb‡j| wkíx †Kv‡bv ms‡e`bkxj
e¨w³, bv wK GKwU D‡`¨v‡Mi Ask; †hLv‡b aviYv, cÖhyw³ Ges e¨e¯’vcbv wg‡j GKwU Ôwm‡÷gÕ m„ó n‡e| GKRb
mdj wkíx AvR‡Ki c`v_© weÁv‡b †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vicÖvß GK weÁvbxB †hb ev, whwb GKwU cÖhyw³wbg©vZv cÖwZôv‡bi
ˆeÁvwbK Kg©KZ©v A_ev D”P ch©v‡qi cÖ‡KŠkjx gvÎ! GiKg ch©v‡q Aek¨ †cŠu‡Q wb Avgv‡`i aviYvwbf©i `„k¨wkí
GL‡bv| wKš‘ fv¯‹iiv wbD wgwWqv Av‡U©i PP©vq †hvM w`‡q‡Qb †Rv‡i‡mv‡iB| GLbKvi Zi“Y wkíxiv huviv
cÖv_wgKfv‡e fv¯‹‡h© AR©b K‡i‡Qb cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v Ges ïi“‡Z form shaping approach-G-B hvÎv K‡iwQ‡jb
Zuviv cÖvq mK‡jB GLb wewfbœ cÖKi‡Yi aviYvwfwËK ¯’vcbvwkí iPbv K‡ib, †hLv‡b wÎgvwÎK e¯‘i mv‡_ hy³ nq
wfwWI, Kw¤úDUvi MÖvwdKm, Av‡jvKwPÎ, WªBs, kã... †h‡Kv‡bv wKQz| nvmvbyi ingvb wiqvR, Bgivb †nv‡mb, Kwei
Avn‡g` gvmyg wPk&Zx, GB Zi“Y wkíxiv GB aviv‡ZB KvR Ki‡Qb| †Kv‡bv weåvwš—i m„wó bv K‡iB ejv †h‡Z cv‡i,
G avivq KvR Ki‡Qb Av‡iv bvbv cðvrcU †_‡K Avmv A‡bK m„Rbkxj gvbyl Ges Zuv‡`i mvdj¨ cÖkœvZxZ| †hgb
Avgiv GB Av‡jvPbvsk ïi“ K‡iwQ †h wkíxi K_v w`‡q, wZwb, gvneyeyi ingvb, cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vi w`K †_‡K
GKRb wPÎwkíx| wKš‘ wÎgvwÎK gva¨‡g Ges µ‡g wZwb cÖvq meiK‡gi `„k¨ I kÖ“wZ gva¨‡g Zuvi Awfe¨w³ cÖKvk
K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e j¶ Kwi †h, wPÎKjv ev QvcwP‡Î cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v †kl K‡i hZRb wkíx Gme gva¨‡gi Avw½KMZ
mxgvi g‡a¨ †_‡KB wkím„wó Ki‡Qb †m Zzjbvq fv¯‹‡iiv wÎgvwÎK wkíiPbvi g‡a¨B mxgve× _vK‡Qb Kg|
e¨vcviwU †hb GiKg †h, wÎgvwÎK ¯’vcbvwk‡í Zuv‡`i AwaKvi †h mnRvZ †m RvqMvwU †_‡K hvÎv K‡i Zuviv †hb
Gi Awbevh© avivevwnKZv‡ZB P‡j hv‡”Qb wfwWI AvU©, Kw¤úDUvi wmgy‡jkb, wWwRUvj d‡UvMÖvwd, ewW AvU© Ggwb
me Avw½‡K| wkí-Avw½KwelqK Gme mbvZbx Pv‡ji K_vevZ©v †gŠjev`x e‡j AvL¨vwqZ n‡Z cv‡i- Ggb SuywK
wb‡qB ej‡Z n‡”Q wÎgvwÎK wkíwelqK †Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbvq G K_v¸‡jv D‡V Avm‡Z eva¨|
9. aviYvi Ab¨iƒc Ges aviYvi c‡i
Avevi aviYvwfwËK wkí †Kej wbD wgwWqv Av‡U©i g‡a¨B mxgve× GKwU PP©v bq! A‡bK wkíx wewfbœ gva¨‡gi
mbvZb Avw½KMZ mxgvi †fZ‡i †_‡KB aviYvwfwËK Awfe¨w³ wbg©vY Ki‡Qb| wVK †Zgwb KvR n‡”Q fv¯‹‡h©i
†¶‡ÎI|
bvwmgyj Lwei fv¯‹h© iPbvq m¤¢eZ wbqwgZ bb; wKš‘ 2009-Gi †k‡l Kiv Zuvi cÖ`k©bx‡Z aviYvg~jK wkíwPš—v
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| KvV, wm‡g›U Avi avZzi mijxK…Z Aeq‡ei Dc¯’vc‡bi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb HwZn¨ Ges ms¯‹…wZ cÖm‡½
GK ai‡bi weKí cvV cÖ¯v— e K‡i‡Qb| ejv hvK, wbgœeM©welqK cv‡Vi AvMÖ‡nvÏxcK Abyl½ n‡Z cv‡i GBme
KvR| Avevi Nb R¨vwgwZi bvbv P¨v‡jÄ, hv fv¯‹‡h©i Avw½KMZ wWm‡Kv‡m©i Aš—f©y³, Zv‡KI †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb wZwb Gme Kv‡R|
GKwU AwcÖq cÖm½ GB †h, aviYvwbf©i wkí, KLbI †L‡jv Ges nvm¨Ki n‡q c‡o| aviYvi A¯^”QZv Ges h‡_ó
M‡elYvi Afve Dc¯’vwcZ welqwU‡K wkï‡Zvl we‡bv`‡b cwiYZ K‡i| MZ kZ‡Ki mˇii `k‡K wMÖK fv¯‹i
UvwK‡Ri KvR wb‡q GiKg K_v D‡VwQj| UvwKR ey× a‡g©i †Rb `k©‡bi Aby‡cÖiYvq Pz¤^K, avZee¯‘, we`y¨r Gme
wb‡q Ggb wKQz KvwiMix Pg‡Ki Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb †h Zuv‡K †ek Dcnv‡mi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡qwQj| ejv n‡qwQj,
"They are rather witty demonstrations of the nature of certain well-known physical forces which would be
32
admirably suited to enlivening a school science project." | GB Ae¯’v Avgv‡`i aviYvwbf©i wkí‡K Avµvš—
Ki‡Q †hb gv‡S-gv‡SB| aviYvwbf©i wkí ÔKxfv‡eÕÑ bq, eis Ô‡KbÕÑ GB cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡ZB cÖavbZ
14
cÖwZkÖ“wZe×| GB cÖkœwU GKwU Dc¯’vcbvi Aw¯—‡Ë¡i †hŠw³KZvwelqK Ges Gfv‡e HwZn¨, mgq Ges †¯úmwelqK
wWm‡Kv‡m© mswk−ó|
mv¤cÖwZK GKwU cÖeYZv †`Lv hv‡”Q ev¯—‡ei AwZkvq‡bi †fZi w`‡q GK ai‡bi bvUKxq, AvL¨vbagx© Kv‡Ri|
Avgv‡`i g‡b co‡e gvneyeyi ingv‡bi †`o `kK Av‡Mi wKQz Kv‡Ri K_v| wKš‘ bZzb G avivi Kv‡R GKwU ev¯—e`„‡k¨i ga¨ w`‡q wee„Z nevi A‡c¶vq _vKv aviYvwU wKQzUv cÖZxKx Ges AcÖZ¨¶| Awfe¨w³i gy‡Wi w`K †_‡K
Gme KvR e¨½vZ¥K, DcnvmcÖeY| Zi“Y fv¯‹i †ZRm nvj`vi Rm GiKg KvR K‡i bRi Kvo‡Qb m¤cÖwZ| Zuvi
Kv‡R Av‡Q gvby‡li Adzivb kw³i Lei Avi wbiš—i msMÖv‡gi Bw½Z| avZz, wm‡g›U A_ev dvBevi M−v‡m-G Kiv
gvby‡liv, Zuvi Kv‡R, e„nr, Rxe‡bi Q‡›` Pjgvb, bvUKxq M‡íi Avavi| Avi Rm mgvRm‡PZb e‡U, wKš‘, Zuvi
f~wgKvwU fv¯‹i wn‡m‡e AskMÖnYg~jK bq; ch©‡e¶Yg~jK, gš—e¨gq| Rm wb‡R ej‡Qb, "My work reflects my
thoughts on Bangladesh's culture, politics and society. Sometimes, I like to reveal hidden truths in our
social life. One of my pieces is titled Sink; there I tried to show some street children who are reading, I
realise they have no opportunity to go to school but when they get a book or newspaper, they try to read it
very attentively. Resist depicts a female figure and a child. In Bangladesh, women and children survive
many difficulties. I want to see them as very strong. Serious Discussion is about a fake political meeting—
33
that is why I have children in the meeting because they are not serious about politics." |
Gme KvR, Avgv‡`i wbR¯^ ev¯—eZvq, aviYvev`x wkíwelqK wKQz cÖ‡kœiI cÖ¯v— ebv K‡i †hb| we‡kl K‡i cY¨ms¯‹…wZ ebvg wkí, AvB‡Ww›UwU cwjwU· A_ev DËi-`w¶Y, cwðg-c~e© A¶ eivei aviYvi AvMÖvmb wb‡q
fvebv¸‡jvi m~ÎcvZ Ki‡Z Pvq|
10. †kl K_vÑ cÖwZK‚j mg‡q Avkvq emwZ
Gme Av‡jvPbvi nvZ a‡i Avgiv †Kv_vq †cŠuQB? ïi“ K‡iwQjvg gby‡g‡›Ui c¨vivW‡·i K_v e‡j| wKš‘ †`L‡Z
cvw”Q, wÎgvwÎK wkí GKw`‡K wec−ex hvÎvq Pwjòz, fxlY cÖhyw³-NwbôÑ wb‡Ri mxgv AwZµg‡Y m‡Pó| Ab¨w`‡K,
mbvZb Avw½‡Ki g‡a¨I bvbv gvÎvi fv¯‹h© iPbvi cÖ‡Póv engvb| G †Zv Zvn‡j m¤¢vebvi cÖvPz‡h©iB Bw½Zevnx! wKš‘
†fZiKvi mZ¨ GiKg †h, wbqwgZ fv¯‹h©PP©v Ki‡Qb Ges GB Zuvi †ckv Ggb wkíxi msL¨v AZ¨š— mxwgZ| fv¯‹h©
kªgmva¨ I mgqmv‡c¶ KvR| Gi DcKiY; mbvZb we‡ePbvq; AZ¨š— e¨qeûj| fv¯‹‡ii cÖ‡qvRb e‡ov AvKv‡ii
Kv‡Ri RvqMv| GBme wecixZ DRvb †e‡q †h KvR m„wó n‡”Q Zv †`Lvevi RvqMv †bB| †miKg M¨vjvwi †bB
ej‡jB P‡j; GK ch©v‡q Avgiv e‡jwQ D`¨v‡bi K_vÑ †mI m¤ú~Y© Abycw¯’Z| ¯’vc‡Z¨i mv‡_ mgš^‡q fv¯‹h© GKwU
cÖavb m¤¢vebv GLb, wKš‘ Gi ˆkke e‡ov †ewk cÖjw¤^Z n‡”Q †hb! GLv‡b wµqvkxj `yóPµwU GiKg †h, †`Lv‡bvi
my‡hvM †bB e‡j fv¯‹h©PP©v n‡”Q bv, Avi †`Lv‡bv n‡”Q bv e‡j wÎgvwÎK wkíwelqK i“wP M‡o DV‡Q bv| me wgwj‡q
hv NU‡Q Zv n‡jv, fv¯‹h©wel‡q cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z wkíxiv fv¯‹h©PP©vq wbqwgZ _vK‡Qb bv; A‡b‡K cy‡ivcywi
†Q‡o w`‡”Qb fv¯‹h© Movi KvR| mv¤cÖwZK Zi“‡Yiv eis hv‡”Qb wbD wgwWqv Av‡U©i PP©vq, †mLv‡b †hŠ_Zvi my‡hvM
m„wó n‡q‡Q Zrci msMV‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M, Avš—R©vwZK †bUIqv‡K© hy³ n‡Z cvivi m¤¢vebv †mLv‡b AwaKZi we¯—…Z|
Gfv‡e µgvMZ m„Rbkxj _vKvi Ges wkíKg© cÖ`k©‡bi my‡hvM cvIqv hv‡”Q| Gfv‡e GB aviv mg„× n‡”Q; hv e‡ov
AR©b e‡U| Av‡iv A‡bK wKQzi mv‡_ wÎgvwÎK DcKiY †mLv‡b e¨eüZ n‡”Q Awfe¨w³ iPbvq| wKš‘ gykwKj n‡”Q
GB AR©b gby‡g›U Movi Rbi“wP‡K wbivKiY K‡i bvÑ Gi Dc‡hvwMZv Ges D‡Ïk¨ wfbœ| Avgiv †h wÎgvwÎK wkíïkÖƒlvi cÖZ¨vkx Avgv‡`i Rxeb hvc‡bi cÖvZ¨wnKZvqÑ N‡i, †Mi¯’vwj‡Z, Rbc‡_, Kg©¯’‡j Ges cÖv½‡b Zvi R‡b¨
cÖ‡qvRb fv¯‹h©, hv Avgv‡`i GB iPbvq g~j AvMÖ‡ni welq, †m avivwU ¶xYKvq n‡q co‡Q Avi KvU‡Q bv i“wPi
`ywf©¶| dj, †mB cyi‡bv gby‡g›U Movi c¨vivW·|
we‡ePbvwU FYvZ¥K, wKš‘ ev¯—e| Gi cÖwZK‚‡j hviv evB‡Qb DRvb Zuviv mdj n‡ebÑAš—Z Zuv‡`i †evbv ex‡Ri
dmj Zzj‡eb c‡ii cÖR‡b¥i fv¯‹iivÑ GB Avkv Kiv hvK| j¶ Kwi †h, aviYvwfwËK wÎgvwÎK ¯’vcbv Ges Av‡iv
wewfbœ DcKi‡Y huviv m„wó Ki‡Qb Awfe¨w³, Zuviv A‡b‡KB my‡hvM †c‡j hy³ n‡”Qb ¯’vc‡Z¨i mv‡_ mgwš^Z
¯’vbwbw`©ó fv¯‹h© iPbvq A_ev †Kej wÎgvvwÎK DcKi‡YiB Mo‡Qb GKwU ¯’vcbvKg©| Avevi ¯’vbwbi‡c¶ wÎgvwÎK
15
wkíiPwqZvivI my‡hv‡Mi A‡c¶vq Db¥y³ A_ev ¯’vcZ¨-Nwbô Ges ¯’vbwbw`©ó fv¯‹h© m„wói| Ab¨w`‡K. DËiaviYvev`x wk‡íi ¸Äb GLb wk‡íi A½‡b µgk wb‡Ri RvqMv-Rwgb K‡i wb‡Z Pv‡”Q| Zvi GKUv e‡ov †¶Î wKš‘
fv¯‹h©| KviY wÎgvwÎKZvi †fZi w`‡q †eva-A‡ev‡ai, kixi-Akix‡ii bZzb †evSvcov¸‡jvi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z
PvB‡Qb `„k¨wkíxiv| Awbk Kvcyi, L¨vwZgvb fv¯‹i, ej‡Qb, "Sculpture is all about body. Sculptures are about
how the body responds to a given object, environment and whatever. .... I would be having declared
somewhere that I'm interested in non-object— this understood extension of the body. As bodies aren't our
bodies— our bodies are imaginary— the space of the body isn't just what we see it as— the physical
34
architecture. There is whole other dimension to that...."| GiKg †PZbvi †XD jvM‡Q Avgv‡`i wkív½‡bI|
¯’vbwbw`©ó wÎgvwÎK ¯’vcbvKg© Ges ¯’vbwbi‡c¶ wÎgvwÎK wkí Gfv‡eB AMÖmi n‡e Avgv‡`i wkív½‡b|
Gme wg‡jB Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i Avkvq emwZÑ evsjv‡`‡ki fv¯‹h© wb‡q|
1
Walter Benjamin, The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction, UCLA School of Theater, Film
and Television, (originally published in 1936).
2
William Tucker, The Language of Sculpture, Thames and Hudson, 1996.
3
jvjvi“L †mwjg, fv¯‹h©: Jcwb‡ewkK Avgj †_‡K mv¤cÖwZKKvj, evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK mgx¶vgvjv-8, Pvi“ I
Kvi“ Kjv, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007|
4
Walter Benjamin, The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction, UCLA School of Theater, Film
and Television, (originally published in 1936).
5
Zainul Abedin, Postscript, Inner Gaze, Sculptures of Novera Ahmed, Pakistan United Nations Association
(East Zone), Published on the occasion of exhibitions of sculputres of Novera Ahmed, Central Public
Library, Dacca, August 1960.
6
Mervyn Marshall, The Long Wait (a short writeup on Novera Ahmed's sculpture "The Long Wait"),
Sculptures of Novera Ahmed, Pakistan United Nations Association (East Zone), Published on the occasion
of exhibitions of sculputres of Novera Ahmed, Central Public Library, Dacca, August 1960.
7
jvjvi“L †mwjg, fv¯‹h©: Jcwb‡ewkK Avgj †_‡K mv¤cÖwZKKvj, evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK mgx¶vgvjv-8, Pvi“ I
Kvi“ Kjv, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007|
8
bvwmgv nK wgZz,wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i wkíxiv: Ave`yi iv¾vK, evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK mgx¶vgvjv-8, Pvi“ I Kvi“ Kjv,
evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007|
9
bvwmgv nK wgZz,wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i wkíxiv: Ave`yi iv¾vK, evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK mgx¶vgvjv-8, Pvi“ I Kvi“ Kjv,
evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007|
10
S. M. Hasan, Sculpture in Bangladesh, Contemporary Art Series of Bangladesh-5, Editor: Dr. Md.
Sirajul Islam, Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, December 1976
16
11
Gbvgyj nK, f~wgKv, wØZxq RvZxq fv¯‹h© cÖ`k©bx, Contemporary Art Series of Bangladesh-25, m¤úv`K:
AvRv` ingvb, evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, gvP© 1983|
12
jvjvi“L †mwjg, fv¯‹h©: Jcwb‡ewkK Avgj †_‡K mv¤cÖwZKKvj, evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK mgx¶vgvjv-8, Pvi“ I
Kvi“ Kjv, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007|
13
wgëb Av‡bvqvi, `„wó`~lY!,AvU©weU, el© 3, msL¨v 7-8, AvM÷ 2008, m¤úv`K: Rvdi BKevj Ry‡qj, cÖKvkK:
Av‡bvqvi †gvnv¤§` BKevj|
14
wgëb Av‡bvqvi, `„wó`~lY!,AvU©weU, el© 3, msL¨v 7-8, AvM÷ 2008, m¤úv`K: Rvdi BKevj Ry‡qj, cÖKvkK:
Av‡bvqvi †gvnv¤§` BKevj|
15
wgëb Av‡bvqvi, `„wó`~lY!,AvU©weU, el© 3, msL¨v 7-8, AvM÷ 2008, m¤úv`K: Rvdi BKevj Ry‡qj, cÖKvkK:
Av‡bvqvi †gvnv¤§` BKevj|
16
¯’cwZ kvgmyj Iqv‡im (†iKW©K…Z mv¶vrKvi), wgëb Av‡bvqvi, cÖm½: `„wó`~lY!,AvU©weU, el© 3, msL¨v 9,
†m‡Þ¤^i 2008, m¤úv`K: Rvdi BKevj Ry‡qj, cÖKvkK: Av‡bvqvi †gvnv¤§` BKevj|
17
wkíx A‡jvK ivq (†iKW©K…Z mv¶vrKvi), wgëb Av‡bvqvi, cÖm½: `„wó`~lY!,AvU©weU, el© 3, msL¨v 9, †m‡Þ¤^i
2008, m¤úv`K: Rvdi BKevj Ry‡qj, cÖKvkK: Av‡bvqvi †gvnv¤§` BKevj|
18
Gerard Xuriquera (quoted), Hamiduzzaman Khan, a modern sculptor, Editor and Publisher: Akhtar
Jahan (Ivy), June 2005.
19
Nazrul Islam, Hamiduzzaman Khan, a modern sculptor, Editor and Publisher: Akhtar Jahan (Ivy), June
2005.
20
jvjvi“L †mwjg, fv¯‹h©: Jcwb‡ewkK Avgj †_‡K mv¤cÖwZKKvj, evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK mgx¶vgvjv-8, Pvi“ I
Kvi“ Kjv, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007|
21
bvwmgyj Lwei (MÖš’bv I m¤úv`bv, evsjv‡`‡ki mgKvjxb fv¯‹h© 1955-2005, fv¯‹h© cÖ`k©bxi K¨vUvjM), WUm
mgKvjxb wkíKjv †K›`ª, 2006|
22
23
24
25
26
27
Towfiqur Rahman, Towfiq's Note, Sculpture Exhibition by Towfiqur Rahman, December 2002.
wbmvi †nv‡mb, Sculpture Exhibition by Towfiqur Rahman, December 2002.
Edward Lucie-Smith , Sculpture since 1945, Phaidon Press Limited, 1987.
William Tucker, The Language of Sculpture, Thames and Hudson, 1996.
Helen Escobedo (quoted), Edward Lucie-Smith , Sculpture since 1945, Phaidon Press Limited, 1987.
Jessica Sjöholm Skrubbe, The Ambiguity of Modern Sculpture, (an essay from internet)
17
28
gvneyeyi ingvb (DׄZ), ˆmq` Rvnv½xi, gvneyeyi ingv‡bi wkíKjv \ †gav I gb‡bi Abb¨ mgš^q, ˆ`wbK
RbKÉ, 13 A‡±vei, 2000|
29
BgwZqvi kvgxg, cÖwZaviYvi mÜv‡b, Second Sculpture Show 2001 (GB †hŠ_ fv¯‹h©-cÖ`k©bx Dcj‡¶ cÖKvwkZ
K¨vUvj‡M), 2001|
30
31
32
S. Manzoorul Islam, http://www.venicebiennale-bangladeshpavilion.org
Jack Burnham, Beyond Modern Sculpture, www.arts.ucsb.edu/burnham2sculpture.pdf
Edward Lucie-Smith , Sculpture since 1945, Phaidon Press Limited, 1987.
33
Tejosh Halder Josh, My Word, Dual Contradiction (Catalogue of the Solo Sculpture Show of the said
title), Bengal Gallery of Fine Arts, August 2007.
34
Anish Kapoor, Of matter, mind and myth-generating stuffs (interview with Mustafa Zaman), Depart,
Editor: Mustafa Zaman, Publisher: Kazi, Anis Moquit, Vol. 2, Issue 1, March 2011.