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A&P 1
Muscle Lab Guide #3 ID the Muscles Moving the Head, Neck, Trunk & Arm Lab Exercises
#1
Have someone in your group read the following out loud, while the others
read along:
Opening Paragraph (we'll be referring to this later)
Every instructor wants you to do a different set of muscles. And,
instructors differ in which origins, insertions & actions they want the
student to know.
In this guide, we will be studying the body's muscles by body regions
(muscles of the head, muscles of the leg, etc.). For each region, we will
indicate which images you should use, and which models. If the exact
image or model is not available to you, find the closest match.
Read
me!
Throughout this guide, in order to save room, we will abbreviate "Actions,
Origins and Insertions as O,I&As
To begin:
In your book, find the labeled image
similar to this one, using it to find most
superficial muscles:
Appendix 1 has a copy of this unlabeled
image, which you can label later to test
yourself!
Continued on next page
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#2
Then, make sure you find all the muscles you can on these models in the
room:
Dissected muscle model
(find almost all of the
muscles!)
"Muscle Man" model
(find all superficial muscles!)
The sagittal head and whole head models
are good to get close up to these
muscles
The arm and leg models come
apart, so you can see deep
muscles
Torso Model is especially good
for thoracic and abdominal
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Step 1. Identifying which muscles that our instructor wants us to know
O,I&As, and some generalities that will help us!
Read
me!
Different instructors want very different O,I&As. We need to identify which ones
we are responsible for!
Q1. Make a list of the muscles for which your instructor wants you to know O,I&As. Just
name the muscles here; do not worry about knowing the specific O,I&As yet!
If your instructor gave you some sort of table or list, you may skip this step.
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Step 2. ID muscles of the head and neck.
#1
Every instructor wants you to do a different set of muscles. We need to list
the ones our instructor wants us to ID!
Q2. On a separate piece of paper, make a list of the muscles of the head & neck regions
listed below that your instructor wants you to know, categorizing them as best you can.
Write "none" if you do not have to know any!
Read
me!
If your instructor gave you some sort of table or list, you may skip this
step.
Region #1. Head muscles - chewing (attaching to jaw)
Region #2. Head muscles - Facial expressions, and moving the mouth & eyes
Region #3. Neck muscles - Swallowing
Region #4. Neck muscles - moving the neck & head
Region #5. Any other muscles or structures not listed (aponeuroses, etc.):
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Q3. Find the muscles on the models in the lab room. Use the images on the following page
to make a "labeled key" as you move along.
Also find and label any other structures you need to know (aponeuroses, etc.). If you are
having trouble labeling something on the images, there will be a place for you to list
those at the end.
Here are the models to look for in lab:
Head on any torso model
Read
me!
Whole head, turned
Sagittal head
On the images on the next page, repeat muscles as necessary
(for example, obicularis oculi can be seen on both images).
Look at all the images before you begin! So you know which image is best
for each muscle!
Notice that the platysma has been removed on all images.
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Q4. List any muscles/structures you couldn't label:
Q5. Look at the temporalis muscle on your model, or on an image in your text. Can you
see the origin & insertion? Write them in the blank below. For now...JUST NAME THE BONES!
Q6. What is the action of the temporalis muscle? Perform it to your lab mates.
Q7. Look at the masseter muscle on your model, or on an image in your text. Can you
see the origin & insertion? Write them in the blank below. For now...JUST NAME THE BONES
or large, bony structures!!
Q8. What is the action of the masseter muscle? Perform it to your lab mates.
Q9. Look at the sternocleidomastoid muscle on your model, or on an image in your text.
Can you see the origin & insertion? Write them in the blank below. For now... JUST NAME
THE BONES or large, bony structures!!
Q10. What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? Perform it to your lab mates.
Q11. Look at both the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris on your model. What are
their actions?
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Q12. What other origins, insertions and actions do you have to know for these muscles?
Can you see the origins & insertions on the models? For now...JUST NAME THE BONES!
Also identify which actions you need to know.
Make a table on a separate piece of paper. Perform the actions for your lab mates.
Q13. ID the synergists of the head and neck. Name the muscles that you have to know
which perform these actions. Duplicate muscle names if you need to.
Facial expression of one kind or another:
Chewing/moving mandible:
Swallowing:
Head movement:
Any others?:
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Step 2. Muscles of the Thoracic, Abdominal Region, Arm & Hand
#1
Every instructor wants you to do a different set of muscles. We need to list
the ones our instructor wants us to ID!
Q13. On a separate piece of paper, make a list of the muscles of the regions listed below that
your instructor wants you to know. You can use the images in your lecture or lab book to help
with the names. If a muscle moves more than one category, list it in both. (example: you'll be
listing the biceps brachii in two categories!)
Read
me!
If your instructor gave you some sort of table or list, you may skip
this step.
Write "none" if you do not have to know any in a category:
Region #1 - Anterior Thoracic region & Shoulder - Superficial muscles (the
muscles in the front you can see without dissecting)
Region #2 - Posterior Thoracic region & Shoulder - Superficial muscles (the
muscles in the back you can see without dissecting)
Region #3 - Anterior Thoracic region & Shoulder - Deep muscles (the muscles in
the front, underneath the muscles in #1)
Region #4 - Posterior thoracic region & Shoulder - Deep muscles (the muscles in
the back, underneath the muscles in #2)
Region #5. Muscles crossing the elbow (anterior or posterior, superficial or deep)
Region #6. Muscles crossing the anterior wrist and hand (superficial or deep)
Region #7. Muscles crossing the posterior wrist and hand (superficial or deep)
Region #8 - Abdominal Muscles
Region #9. Other muscles that don't quite fit into those categories:
Region #10 - Other structures not listed yet (aponeuroses, etc.):
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Q14. Find the muscles on the models in the lab room. Use the images on the following
page to make a "labeled key" as you move along.
Also find and label any other structures you need to know (aponeuroses, etc.). If you are
having trouble labeling something on the images, there will be a place for you to list
those at the end.
Here are the models to look for in lab:
Torso model
Dissected muscle model
"Muscle Man" model
(find almost all of the muscles!)
(find all superficial muscles!)
Labeling images on next page
Muscles of the arm model
(find almost all of the muscles!)
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Posterior Image on next page
Posterior Trunk and Shoulder
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Q15. List any muscles/structures you couldn't label:
Q16. Look at the pectoralis major muscle on your model, or on an image in your text.
Can you see the origins & insertions you need to know? Write them in the blank below. For
now... JUST NAME THE BONES!!
Q17. What is the action of the pectoralis major muscle that you need to know? Perform
them to your lab mates.
Q18. Look at the deltoid muscle on your model, or on an image in your text. Can you see
the origin & insertion? Write them in the blank below. For now... JUST NAME THE BONES!!
Q19. What are the actions of the deltoid muscle that you need to know? Perform them to
your lab mates.
Q20. Look at the trapezius muscle on your model, or on an image in your text. Can you
see the origin & insertion? Write them in the blank below. For now... JUST NAME THE
BONES!!
Q21. What are the actions of the trapezius muscle you need to know? Perform it to your
lab mates.
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Q22. What other origins, insertions and actions do you have to know for these muscles?
Can you see the origins & insertions? For now...JUST NAME THE BONES! Also identify
which actions you need to know.
Make a table on a separate piece of paper. Perform the actions for your lab mates.
Q23. Explain this sentence to your lab mates: "The deltoid acts as its own antagonist."
Q24. Identify the antagonistic pairs and synergists of the shoulder joint. Name the
muscles that you have to know which perform these actions. Duplicate muscle names if
you need to.
Flex the shoulder:
Extend the shoulder:
Abduct the shoulder:
Adduct the shoulder:
Rotate or Circumduct the shoulder:
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Step 3. Muscles of the Arm, moving the elbow, forearm, wrist and fingers
#1
Every instructor wants you to do a different set of muscles. We need to list
the ones our instructor wants us to ID!
Q25. On a separate piece of paper, make a list of the muscles of the regions listed below that
your instructor wants you to know. You can use the images in your lecture or lab book to help
with the names. If a muscle moves more than one category, list it in both. (example: you'll be
listing the biceps brachii in two categories!)
Read
me!
If your instructor gave you some sort of table or list, you may skip this
step.
Write "none" if you do not have to know any in a category:
Region #1. Muscles crossing the elbow (anterior or posterior)
Region #2. Muscles crossing the anterior wrist and hand
Region #3. Muscles crossing the posterior wrist and hand
Region #4. Other muscles that don't quite fit into those categories
Region #5 - Other structures not listed yet (aponeuroses, etc.)
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Q26. Find the muscles on the models in the lab room. Use the images on the following
page to make a "labeled key" as you move along.
Also find and label any other structures you need to know (aponeuroses, etc.). If you are
having trouble labeling something on the images, there will be a place for you to list
those at the end.
Arm Model
Dissected muscle model
(find almost all of the muscles!)
Labeling images
found on next page
"Muscle Man" model
(find all superficial muscles!)
Anterior & Posterior Arm
If you need to draw the boundaries of the muscles, do so!!
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Q26. List any muscles/structures you couldn't label:
Q27. Look at the biceps brachii muscle on your model, or on an image in your text. Can
you see the origins & insertions you need to know? Write them in the blank below. For now...
JUST NAME THE BONEA!!
Q28. What is the action of the biceps brachii muscle that you need to know? Perform
them to your lab mates.
Q29. Look at the brachialis muscle on your model, or on an image in your text. Can you
see the origin & insertion? Write them in the blank below. For now... JUST NAME THE
BONES!!
Q30. What are the actions of the brachialis muscle that you need to know? Perform them
to your lab mates.
Q31. Look at the triceps brachii muscle on your model, or on an image in your text. Can
you see the origin & insertion? Write them in the blank below. For now... JUST NAME THE
BONES!!
Q32. What are the actions of the triceps brachii muscle you need to know? Perform it to
your lab mates.
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Q33. Look at all the muscles on the anterior surface of the forearm on your model, or on
an image in your text. Can you see the origins & insertions? Write them in the blank below.
For now... JUST NAME THE BONES!!
Q34. Summarize the actions of these muscles. HINT: there are 2 main joints being
moved! Perform the actions to your lab mates.
Q35. Look at all the muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm on your model, or
on an image in your text. Can you see the origins & insertions? Write them in the blank
below. For now... JUST NAME THE BONES!!
Q36. Summarize the actions of these muscles. HINT: there are 2 main joints being
moved! Perform the actions to your lab mates.
Q37. What other origins, insertions and actions do you have to know for these muscles?
Can you see the origins & insertions? For now...JUST NAME THE BONES! Also identify
which actions you need to know.
Make a table on a separate piece of paper. Perform the actions for your lab mates.
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Q38. Identify the antagonistic pairs and synergists of the elbow joint. Name the muscles
that you have to know which perform these actions. Duplicate muscle names if you need
to.
Flex the elbow:
Extend the elbow:
Q39. Identify the antagonistic pairs and synergists of the hand and wrist. Name the
muscles that you have to know which perform these actions. Duplicate muscle names if
you need to.
Flex the wrist:
Extend the wrist:
Pronate the wrist:
Supinate the wrist:
Flex the fingers:
Extend the fingers:
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Step 4. Identify specific origins & insertions your instructor wants you to know!
#1
Have someone read this aloud:
Up to now, we've been studying origins & insertions by naming the bones that
muscles attach to. However, some instructors may want us to be more specific.
For example, you may have to know that the quadriceps muscles all insert on the
tibial tuberosity of the tibia. Or that the Deltoid originates on the spine of the
scapula.
It is the student's responsibility to study these on their own.
Hopefully, this guide has given you the skills to do that!
On a separate piece of paper, make a table summarizing the specific origins &
insertions that you need to know. Look at these structures on an articulated
skeleton while you do this.