ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
Adaptability of Information
Technology-Based Media in Selected
Higher Education Institutions (HEI)
in the Philippines
Ralph Sherwin A. Corpuz
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the factors that influence the
IT-adaptability skills of students and faculty members in selected HEIs in
the Philippines. It involved total of 494 respondents with 41 faculty
members and 453 IT-related college students, specifically, 44 from De la
Salle Araneta University, 233 from Technological University of the
Philippines – Manila, 66 from St. Paul University – Manila, 69 from
Gordon College – Olongapo City, 44 from Southern Luzon State
University – Quezon, and 38 from Don Bosco Technical College –
Mandaluyong. The researcher conducted field survey and interview to the
respondents during the data gathering process; used Statistical Package for
Social Sciences (SPSS) programs in data computation and analysis, in
which, specifically used descriptive statistics and the multiple regression
analysis for hypothesis testing. The study concluded that (1) the smaller the
school size is, the higher the level of adaptability of the respondents; (2) the
higher the educational attainment of a faculty is, the more he/she can
contribute to the level of adaptability of students; (3) faculty members who
have worked in a HEI recently can contribute more to the level of
adaptability of students; (4) the older the faculty is, the more he/she can
influence the adaptability skills of students; (5) female faculty members
can contribute more to the adaptability of students than the males; (6) the
higher the academic rank of the faculty is, the more he/she can contribute
to the adaptability skills of students; (7) respondents whose courses are
Information Technology and Computer Science are more adaptable than
those of other IT-related courses; (8) the higher the year level of the student
is, the higher the level of adaptability to IT-based media; (9) the following
IT-based media contribute to the level of adaptability of the respondents,
namely: for Faculty Members – Email/social sites; Chat; E-books;
Computer unit; Internet connectivity; for Students – Chat and Online
worksheets.
Keywords: IT Adaptability, Educational Technology
Corresponding Author. Instructor 1 Tel.: +63 925 628 3641
E-mail address: ralphsherwincorpuz@icloud.com
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ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
Introduction
The modern era has brought a momentous success in human
civilization – the fast-paced proliferation of technology and the promising
glimpse of convenient, comfortable living of tomorrow. Welcome to the
21st century’s digital age, where everything is now touch-based, visual,
interactive, and fun. Today, change is the constant and its survival depends
upon innovation, flexibility, and an adaptive mind-set (Drucker, 1985,
1988; Kanter, 1983).
Information Technology is a key enabler of change and nowhere is
change more pervasive than in the Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) workplace (Freeman & Aspray, 1999; Gallivan, 2004;
Straub & Watson, 2001). It thrives on innovation and the past few decades
have witnessed the innovation imperative progress inexorably upward in
the scale of organization imperatives, from desirable through essential, to a
necessity for survival (Cairo et al., 1996; Freeman & Aspray, 1996).
However, not everybody is equally well equipped to deal with
constant change for which some people find it difficult to cope up in highly
unstable, changing environments. In the academe, educators are continually
reminded that the world is rapidly changing and that they must adapt the
curricula and pedagogy to prepare the students for jobs that do not yet
exist. Global society, international competiveness, technology-driven
workplace—such phrases abound and shape the upcoming educational
environment and the mission of schools (Ahmes, 2008). The surge of new
technologies and social media is altering the media landscape for which
convergence is everywhere. It is easier than ever to reach a large audience,
but harder than ever to really connect with it and these changes are
affecting the way people behave unfortunately (Economist’s Third Annual
Media Convergence Forum, 2009).
According to Prensky (2001), today’s students (Digital Natives) are
no longer the people our educational system has been designed to teach.
They are instantaneous, information saturated, wired. They think and
process information fundamentally different from their predecessors
(Digital Immigrants). They are active learners; they require information to
be relevant, non-linear, and visual. The digital world has wired the modern
students differently, thus, making them incredibly sophisticated. The
availability of the Internet has conditioned them to ask questions and get
answers instantaneously, which is a far cry from the card catalogue and
encyclopaedias most digital immigrants grew up with (Gandhi, 2009). This
is the first generation of students who are more proficient with technology
than their teachers are (Moe, 2009). Teachers who fumble with technology
may struggle to persuade students that the information they’re presenting is
3
ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
worthwhile (Rudi, 2009), thus this calls for their challenge to prepare the
students to be more imaginative, creative, entrepreneurial and have the
capacity for “high touch” abilities such as compassion, personal rapport,
social interaction, and caring and helping others (Ahmes, 2008).
This study focused on determining at what extent do students and
faculty compliment with each other in terms of adaptability to various ITbased media, thus improving the teaching and learning experiences, and
what specific predictors could help them one way or another. Could
schools and universities adequately prepare people and their children for
the future (Young, 2012)? Should these Digital Natives learn the old ways,
or should their Digital Immigrant educators learn the new?
Statement of the Problem
The study sought to determine the level of adaptability of faculty
members and students in selected Higher Education Institutions in the
Philippines to various IT-based instructional media used at home and
school. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:
1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms
of:
A. Faculty Members
i. Age
ii. Gender
iii. Length of Service
iv. Academic Rank
v. Highest Educational Attainment
vi. Major or Field of Specialization
vii. Income Level
B. Students
i. Age
ii. Gender
iii. Number of Units Enrolled
iv. Year Level
v. Major or Field of Specialization
vi. Occupations of Parents/Guardians
C. Available IT-based Media used at Home and School
i. Hardware
ii. Software
D. School Size
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ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
2. What is the perception of the respondents to their level of
adaptability to the IT-based media in terms of:
i. Availability
ii. Mobility
iii. Cost-Effectiveness
iv. Interface
3. Which of the following socio-demographic status contribute to the
level of adaptability of IT-based media:
i. Faculty Socio-Demographic Status
ii. Students’ Socio-Demographic Status
iii. Available IT-Based Media
iv. School Size
Research Paradigm
The research paradigm of the study was based on the Independent
Variable (IV) – Dependent Variable (DV) Model as shown on Figure 1
below:
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES (IV)
1. Respondents’ Socio-Demographic Profiles
A. Faculty Members
ƒ
Age
ƒ
Gender
ƒ
Length of Service
ƒ
Academic Rank
ƒ
Highest Educational Attainment
ƒ
Major Field of Specialization
ƒ
Income Level
B. Students
ƒ
Age
ƒ
Gender
ƒ
Number of Units Enrolled
ƒ
Year Level
ƒ
Major Field of Specialization
ƒ
Occupation of Parent/Guardian
2. Available IT-Based Media at Home and
School:
A. Hardware
ƒ
Computer Unit
ƒ
LCD Projector
ƒ
Mobile Phones
ƒ
Internet Connectivity
B. Software
ƒ
Chat
ƒ
Online Worksheets
ƒ
Email/Social Networking Sites
ƒ
E-books
3. School Size
DEPENDENT VARIABLE (DV)
1. Level of Adaptability
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Availability
Mobility
Cost-Effectiveness
Interface
Figure 1. The Research Paradigm
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ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
Research Hypothesis
The study postulated that the following factors, singly or in
combination, could contribute to the level of adaptability of IT-based media
of the respondents, namely: (1) Socio-Demographic Status; (2) Available
IT-based Media used at Home and School; and (3) School Size.
Methodology
The study was a descriptive analytical research that utilized the
multiple regression analysis in predicting the relationship between the
independent variables – respondents’ socio-demographic status, available
IT-based media, and school size, and the dependent variable – level of
adaptability in terms of availability, mobility, cost-effectiveness, and
interface.
The faculty and students respondents from various Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs) working or studying under IT-related programs, were
selected through random sampling method. Table 1 shows the distribution
of respondents as of first semester of School Year (SY) 2012-2013, in
which, 41 (27.33%) out of 150 faculty members and 453 (17.76%) out of
2550 students have joined the research survey. Overall, there were 494
respondents of the study, which constituted to 18.30% of the total
population of the 6 selected Higher Education Institutions.
Table 1 Population and Sample Respondents
Faculty
Student
Higher Education
Institution
Population
Sample
Population
Sample
Total
Population
Total
Sample
De la Salle Araneta
University – Caloocan
11
4
131
40
142
44
Technological University of
the Philippines – Manila
72
16
1169
217
1241
233
St. Paul University – Manila
8
6
104
60
112
66
Gordon College – Olongapo
City
20
7
655
62
675
69
Southern Luzon State
University – Quezon
21
4
217
40
238
44
Don Bosco Technical
College - Mandaluyong
18
4
274
34
292
38
Overall Total
150
41
2550
453
2700
494
100
18.30
Percentage
27.33
17.76
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ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
The research utilized a survey questionnaire as the chief instrument
in gathering data, supported by pertinent school size documents obtained
from the Higher Education Institutions as of first semester of School Year
2012-2013. Follow up surveys were also conducted to key people in the
HEIs to validate the results of the survey obtained. The data gathered were
coded and computed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
version 17, for which specifically, the following tools and techniques were
employed in the interpretation of the results of the study: (1) the descriptive
statistics for the computation of the mean, mode, minimum, maximum,
sum, frequency, percentage, and standard deviation; (2) matching sampling
technique in obtaining the internal validity of responses among students
who are under a specific faculty respondent; (3) categorical dummy
variable treatment as reference in interpreting the relationship between the
available IT-based media and the adaptability levels of the respondents; (4)
and the multiple regression analysis for identifying the contributors of
adaptability, which has been used to test the validity of the hypothesis
assumed.
Results and Discussion
After thorough data analysis and interpretation, the following results
have been summarized to validate the objectives of the study, namely:
1. The modal socio-demographic profile of a faculty respondent is 29
years of age, female, has length of service of 3 years, has an Instructor
academic rank, a Master’s degree holder, majoring in Information
Technology and Computer Science fields, and has gross family monthly
income of 30, 000 pesos.
2. The modal socio-demographic profile of a student respondent is 18
years of age, male, has earned 26 units during the first semester of School
Year 2012 – 2013, second year level, majoring in Information Technology
and Computer Science, and has parent/guardian who is a skilled worker.
3. In terms of IT-based media used at home and school, most of the
faculty and student respondents have mobile phones (hardware) at home
and e-books (software) at home.
4. In terms of school size or the total faculty and students’ population,
De la Salle Araneta University – Caloocan has 2488, Technological
University of the Philippines – Manila has 14892, St. Paul University –
Manila has 1847, Gordon College – Olongapo City has 3077, Southern
Luzon State University – Quezon has 1990, and Don Bosco Technical
College has 1095, respectively.
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ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
5. In terms of availability, the respondents generally perceived that the
IT-based media used at home and school are “sometimes to often”
available (Xഥ = 3.81). Specifically they agree that “sometimes to often”, in
school, an IT-based medium is readily available whenever it is needed (Xഥ =
3.67); it is properly maintained and cared (Xഥ =3.83); it is immediately
replaced if defective (Xഥ = 3.32); and there is a reasonable number of people
who share the IT-based medium in school at the same time (Xഥ = 3.89).
“Often to very often”, the respondents are allowed to use IT-based media in
the classroom (Xഥ =4.11) and such that there are also shops that offer or sell
IT-based media near school (Xഥ =4.05).
6. In terms of mobility, the respondents generally agree at “moderate to
great extent” (Xഥ = 3.73) that IT-based media are definitely mobile and can
be helpful anytime at either home or school. Specifically, the respondents
perceived that at “great to very great extent”, they study using IT-based
media at school (ഥX =4.05); they make sure at “moderate to great extent” that
they stay connected online wherever they go (ഥX =3.45). Likewise, at
“moderate to great extent”, they perceived that in using IT-based media,
they are able to access school materials/references even at home (ഥX =3.64),
they able catch up on lectures and submit requirements online (ഥX =3.69),
and they can communicate with their colleagues even IT-based media even
after class (ഥX =3.92).
7. In terms of cost-effectiveness, the respondents agree at “great to very
great extent” (ഥX = 4.27) that IT-based media are generally more efficient
compared to the old-style instructional materials. In details, the respondents
“agree to strongly agree” that IT-based media are more cost-effective than
the traditional method of teaching or storing information (ഥX = 4.25); ITbased communications are usually time-efficient (ഥX = 4.36); IT-based
media are practical and useful (ഥX = 3.85); and IT-based media save time on
preparing instructional materials (ഥX = 4.45). On the other hand, however,
the respondents perceived to be “uncertain to agree” in the idea that they
would prefer using e-books than the old-type textbooks (ഥX = 4.55)
8. In terms of interface, the respondents perceived at “great to very
great extent” (ഥX = 4.40) that IT-based media are generally user-friendly and
can yield positive factors toward their work and studies. Specifically, the
respondents “agree to strongly agree” that IT-based media (i.e., laptops) are
user-friendly (Xഥ = 4.59); IT-based media increase motivation to study/to
work (Xഥ = 4.47); IT-based media are interactive (Xഥ = 4.38); IT-based
delivery of lessons (i.e. visual presentations) is fast-paced (Xഥ = 4.42); ITbased delivery of lessons (i.e. visual presentations) is easily adaptive (Xഥ =
4.39); and IT-based media increase high memory retention (Xഥ = 4.21).
8
ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
9. The level of adaptability of the faculty members (Xഥ = 4.22) is
interpreted as “high to very high”, while the students (Xഥ = 3.91) are
interpreted as “moderate to high”. The grand mean of 4.05 suggests that the
respondents are generally adaptable at “high to very high” level.
Table 2
Regression of Level of Adaptability to the Independent Variables
Contributors
1. School size
2. Student’s year level
3. Faculty’s highest educational attainment
4. Faculty’s length of service
5. Faculty’s age
6. Student’s major
7. Faculty’s major
8. Faculty’s gender
9. Faculty’s academic rank
10. Available IT-based media
10.1. Faculty’s available email/social networking media at
home
10.2. Faculty’s available chat media at school
10.3. Student’s available chat media at school
10.4. Student’s available online worksheets at home
10.5. Student’s available online worksheets at school
10.6. Faculty’s available mobile phones at school
10.7. Faculty’s e-books media at school
10.8. Faculty’s available LCD projector at home
10.9. Faculty’s available computer unit at school
10.10. Faculty’s available internet connectivity at home
(Constant = 2.77)
Adjusted R Square = .665
F = 48.300
Significance of F = .000
B
-3.41
.062
.042
-.030
.021
-.539
-.170
-.096
.142
ࢼ
-.508
.161
.102
-.532
.333
-.425
-.185
-.111
.201
T-Value
-11.067
4.699
2.2671
-7.770
5.493
-7.384
-5.253
-3.616
4.154
Sig.
.000
.000
.008
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.309
.311
7.907
.000
.176
.113
.086
.068
-.141
.162
-.246
.306
.201
.205
.131
.101
.071
-.157
.153
-.162
.206
.170
4.964
3.956
3.341
2.241
-4.426
3.057
-4.401
4.617
4.452
.000
.000
.001
.026
.000
.002
.000
.000
.000
10.The contributors to the respondents’ level of adaptability, as shown
RQ7DEOHLQFOXGHVFKRROVL]Hȕ -.508; p = .000); (2) student’s year
OHYHOȕ S IDFXOW\¶VKLJKHVWHGXFDWLRQDODWWDLQPHQWȕ S IDFXOW\¶V OHQJWK RI VHUYLFH ȕ S IDFXOW\¶VDJHȕ S VWXGHQW¶VPDMRUȕ -.425; p = .000);
IDFXOW\¶VPDMRUȕ -.185; p = .000); (8) faculty’s JHQGHUȕ S
IDFXOW\¶VDFDGHPLFUDQNȕ S DQGDYDLODEOH
IT-based media at home and school, which is further characterized by ten
specific predictors such as (10.1) faculty’s available email/social
networking media DWKRPHȕ S IDFXOW\¶VDYDLODEOH
FKDW PHGLD DW VFKRRO ȕ S VWXGHQW¶V DYDLODEOH FKDW
PHGLD DW VFKRRO ȕ S VWXGHQW¶V DYDLODEOH RQOLQH
ZRUNVKHHWVDWKRPHȕ S VWXdent’s available online
ZRUNVKHHWVDWVFKRROȕ S IDFXOW\¶VDYDLODEOHPRELOH
SKRQHV DW VFKRRO ȕ -.157; p = .000); (10.7) faculty’s e-books media at
VFKRRO ȕ S )DFXOW\¶V DYDLODEOH /&' SURMHFWRU DW
KRPH ȕ = -.162; p = .000); (10.9) faculty’s available computer unit at
9
ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
VFKRROȕ S DQGIDFXOW\¶VDYDLODEOHLQWHUQHWFRQQHFWLYLW\DW
KRPHȕ S 11.The adjusted R square of .665 confirms that the school size, students’
year level, faculty’s highest educational attainment, faculty’s length of
service, faculty’s age, students’ major, faculty’s major, faculty’s gender,
faculty’s academic rank, and available IT-based media can explain as much
as 66.5% of any change in the level of adaptability of the respondents. The
F-value of 48.300 and significance level of .000 indicate the strength of
those 10 independent variables in predicting the level of adaptability of the
respondents.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Based on the statistical findings, the hypothesis of the study, which
stated that the respondents’ socio-demographic status, available IT-based
media, and school size, singly or in combination contribute to the level of
adaptability has been partly sustained. For that, the study further supported
the following conclusions:
1. The smaller the school size is, the higher the level of adaptability of
the respondents.
2. The higher the educational attainment of a faculty is, the more he/she
can contribute to the level of adaptability of students.
3. Faculty members who have worked in a Higher Education Institution
recently can contribute more to the level of adaptability of students.
4. The older the faculty is, the more he/she can influence the
adaptability skills of students.
5. Generally, female faculty members can contribute more to the
adaptability of students than the males.
6. The higher the academic rank of the faculty is, the more he/she can
contribute to the adaptability skills of students.
7. Respondents whose courses are Information Technology and
Computer Science are more adaptable than those of other IT-related
courses.
8. The higher the year level of the student is, the higher the level of
adaptability to IT-based media.
10
ICMSIT 2015: International Conference on Management Science, Innovation, and Technology 2015
Faculty of Management Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (http://www.icmsit.ssru.ac.th)
9. The following IT-based hardware and software media, as they are
available at home and/or school, contribute to the level of
adaptability of the respondents, namely:
a. Faculty Members
x Email/social networking sites at home
x Chat media at school
x E-books media at school
x Computer unit at home and school
x Internet connectivity at home
b. Students
x Chat media at school
x Online worksheets at home
x Online worksheets at school
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