U.S. History
Mr. Rosen
Study Guide
American Pageant Chapters 11-12*
* Note: Unit Test will not include Manifest Destiny (Chapter 12) but will include Manifest Destiny,
Oregon and the Mexican-American War (Chapter 17)
I.
The Election of 1800
A. Candidates/Parties
B. Mudslinging
C. The ―Revolution of 1800‖
D. Achievements and failures of Adams’ and the Federalists
II.
The Jefferson Presidency
A. Inaugural address, key ideas
B. Jefferson’s approach to the office
III.
Jefferson in Office
A. Overall restraint
1. Revisions of Federalist policy
2. Jefferson’s approach to Hamilton’s fiscal policies
B. The Judiciary Act of 1801 and the midnight judges
1. Central issues of the controversy
2. Chief Justice John Marshall
3. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
a) The case
b) The ruling
c) Judicial review
C. Jefferson and Foreign Affairs
1. Jefferson and the Barbary Pirates
2. The Louisiana Purchase
a) Spanish-French transfer of the Louisiana Territory (1800)
b) Right of deposit in New Orleans revoked (1802)
c) Napoleon’s reasons for selling Louisiana
d) The Purchase of Louisiana
e) Jefferson’s decision (and conflict!)
f) Assessing the Louisiana Purchase (in the long view)
g) Lewis & Clark expedition
h) Effect on foreign policy
i) Effect on national unity
D. Jefferson’s Second Term
1. The election of 1804
2. Foreign Crisis: France and Britain at War
a) Impressment controversy
b) Chesapeake incident (1807)
3. The failed Embargo Act of 1807
a) Reasons for using the embargo
b) Effect of the Embargo on regional economies
c) Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
E. Assessing Jefferson’s republican legacy
IV.
The Presidency of James Madison (1809-1817)
A. JM’s characteristics
B. Macon’s Bill No. 2 (replaces Non-Intercourse Act) 1810
C. War Whoops Arouse the War Hawks: The Road to War
1. Make-up of the 12th Congress
2. Henry Clay
3. Reasons for western support of war
4. Nationalism
5. Markets for agricultural products
6. Indian threats (Tecumseh & ―The Prophet‖)
V.
“On to Canada!”
A. The Declaration of War v. Britain – 1812
B. Illustrates sectional differences
VI.
Mr. Madison’s War
A. Reasons for war with Britain
B. Opposition to the War
C. Andrew Jackson & the Battle of New Orleans
D. The Treaty of Ghent
VII.
Federalist Grievances and the Hartford Convention
A. The Hartford Convention
1. The Hartford Resolutions
2. Legacy of the Hartford Convention: nullification and secession
VIII. The significance of the War of 1812
A. Increase in national prestige
B. Decrease in sectionalism
C. Death of the Federalist Party
D. Emergence of war heroes
E. Effect on Indian tribes
F. Manufacturing
IX.
Post-War of 1812 Nationalism
A. Definition
B. Factors contributing to nationalism
1. Arts and letters
2. Government and the military
3. Finance: a new B.U.S.
X.
The American System: Nationalism in manufacturing and self-sufficiency
A. The Tariff of 1816
1. North-South sectional differences
2. Calhoun-Webster debate over Tariff
B. Henry Clay & the American System (1824)
1. The need for improved transportation
2. Bonus Bill (1817) & Republican vetoes
3. Erie Canal (1825)
XI.
James Monroe and the “So-Called Era of Good Feelings”
A. The Election of 1816
1. Death of the Federalist Party
B. The Era of Good Feelings
1. National unity in politics
2. Underlying issues of disunity
3. An Era of Inflamed Feelings under single party rule
4. VIII. The Panic of 1819 & Cursed Hard Times
a) Foreclosures in the west & effect on US
XII.
Slavery and Sectional Balance
A. Missouri’s application of statehood opens the issue of slavery
1. Tallmadge Amendment
2. Sectional tensions between N & S and the importance of senatorial balance
3. Fears of southern states
B. The Missouri Compromise (1820)
1. Terms of the Compromise
2. Long-term significance of the Compromise
a) Effect of the Missouri Compromise on nationalism
b) Role of compromise in the American political tradition
XIII. John Marshall & Judicial Nationalism
A. Judicial nationalism: Curbing States’ Rights
1. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
2. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
3. Dartmouth College v. Woodard (1819)
B. Impact of John Marshall’s decisions
XIV. Nationalism in Foreign Policy: Sharing Oregon & Acquiring Florida
A. Monroe’s Secretary of State: John Quincy Adams
B. Treaty of 1818
C. Incursions into Florida & the Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819
XV.
A Mandate (?) for Manifest Destiny
A. In the election of 1844, James K. Polk defeated Henry Clay for president.
1. Polk ran on a very clear "Manifest Destiny" platform. To vote for Polk was to
vote for expansion.
2. Polk's victory was perceived by him as a "mandate" by the American people—an
order to go ahead with expansion of the United States.
B. The Oregon border issue was settled.
1. England wanted to set border at the 42° parallel
2. The U.S. wanted 54°40' latitude," ("54-40 or fight!" was the battle cry)
3. England realized there were more Americans in Oregon than Brits.
4. The agreement was to roughly split the land at the 49th parallel
C. Misunderstandings with Mexico
1. The final goal, getting California
2. The American tradition in acquiring land was forming
a) The U.S. tries to buy the land, if that doesn't work
b) The U.S. would use force.
D. Mexican-American War
1. The attempt to purchase had failed; it was time for more aggressive actions.
2. President Polk wanted action. He ordered 4,000 troops to the Rio Grande border.
3. Polk quickly asked Congress to declare war and Congress quickly did so.
4. The American victory over Mexico was dominating.
5. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had a huge scope
a) It ended the war.
b) America got land, the Mexican Cession, entailing California, but also the
future states of NV, AZ, NM, CO, and UT.
c) The U.S. would pay $15 million for the land, and assume $3.5 million in
debts owed from Mexico to the U.S.
E. Slavery in the new territory
1. Wilmot Proviso suggesting the Mexican Cession lands be closed to slavery.
2. The House passed it, twice, but the South would have nothing to do with the
Proviso.
3. Since the Senate was balanced, the Wilmot Proviso failed in the Senate.