Chemformation The Newsletter of the MIT Department of Chemistry Volume 30, Number 5, September 17, 2013 http://chemistry.mit.edu/ WELCOME INCOMING GRADUATE STUDENTS! Photo / Liz McGrath F orty national and international graduate students arrived at the Institute on Monday, August 26, 2013, to commence their graduate studies in the Department of Chemistry. A list of students and their undergraduate institutions and areas of interest can be read on page 2. Left to Right: Front: Yang-Ting Chen, Xian Li, Tianyu Zhu, Alexander Mijalis, Allena Goren, Tess Branon, Yisu Han, Kathleen White, Wen Jie Ong, Justin Wolfe, Jessica Carr, Timothy Barnum, Eric Metzger Middle: Peng Dai, Madeline Wong, Deborah Ehrlich, Wade Wang, Megan Jackson, Anna Wuttig, Youngmin Yoon, Sterling Chu, Maciej Korzynski, John Fennell, Jr., Alyssa Antropow, Salima Bahri, Lindsey Ray, Jules Stephan Back: Brandon Nelson, Alexander Kohn, Wesley Transue, Matthew Pompeo, Gyun Hoon (Kenny) Kang, Ethan Evans, Yuxuan Ye, Daniel Franke, Nicholas DeLateur, Angela Phillips, D. Evan Piephoff, Chet Berman Missing from photo: Sucheol Shin JAMISON AWARDED SCHOOL OF SCIENCE TEACHING AWARD P rofessor Timothy F. Jamison has been awarded the 2012 Teaching Prize for Undergraduate Education by the School of Science. This honor is a mark of Jamison's dedication to teaching excellence and the appreciation of the School of Science for his efforts. The prize includes a $5,000 award Lindau Meeting.....................5 and a lunch in A Peek Inside! Named Lectures................... 6 the professor's Incoming Grad Students...... 2 TA Bootcamp....................... 7 honor will be TA Award winners............... 3 Fellowship Opportunities ...8-9 held during the Awards and Accolades.......3-4 Job Opportunities................ 12 spring semester. Chemformation is published by Liz McGrath. The next issue will be produced in October 2013. Please convey items of interest (or mailing list changes) to Liz McGrath, Communications and Development Coordinator, Dept. of Chemistry, MIT, 18-388, Cambridge, MA 02139, 617/253-4080; 617/258-7500 (fax); e-mail: emg@ mit.edu. Current and back issues can be accessed on the Chemistry Dept. Web site http://web.mit.edu/chemistry/ Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 1 Incoming Graduate Students 2013 Last NameFirst NameAreaUndergraduate University AntropowAlyssaOrganicStevens Institute of Technology BahriSalimaPhysicalBarnard College BarnumTimothyPhysicalDrew University BermanChetBiologicalBrandeis University BranonTessBiologicalWestern Carolina University CarrJessicaMaterialsWest Virginia University ChenYang-TingTheoreticalNational Taiwan University ChuSterlingInorganicPrinceton University DaiPengBiologicalPeking University DeLateurNicholasBiologicalNortheastern University EhrlichDeborahMaterialsUniversity of Mass - Amherst EvansEthanMaterialsUniversity of Colorado - Boulder FennellJohnMaterialsProvidence College FrankeDanielPhysicalRWTH Aachen University GorenAllenaInorganicUniversity of Arizona HanYisuBio-OrganicUniversity of California - Berkeley JacksonMeganInorganicCalifornia Institute of Technology KangGyung HoonBiologicalCornell University KohnAlexanderTheoreticalHarvey Mudd College KorzynskiMaciejInorganicWarsaw University of Technology LiXianPhysicalTianjin University MetzgerEricInorganicSt Olaf College MijalisAlexanderBio-OrganicTexas A&M University NelsonBrandonOrganicIllinois State University OngWen JieOrganicOxford University PhillipsAngelaBiologicalUniversity of Florida Piephoff D. Evan Theoretical North Carolina State University PompeoMatthewOrganicYork University RayLindseyBiologicalKutztown University ShinSucheolTheoreticalUniversity of California - Berkeley StephanJulesBiologicalUniversity of Chicago TransueWesleyInorganicCarnegie-Mellon University WangWadeMaterialsUniversity of Texas - Austin WhiteKathleenOrganicUniversity of Iowa WolfeJustinBiologicalBrown University WongMadelineBiologicalYale University WuttigAnnaInorganicPrinceton University YeYuxuanOrganicPeking University YoonYoungminInorganicUniversity of Pennsylvania ZhuTianyuPhysicalUniversity of Science & Technology of China Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 2 PENTELUTE SELECTED FOR YOUNG CHEMICAL BIOLOGIST AWARD P rofessor Brad Pentelute has been selected to receive the International Chemical Biology Society's Young Chemical Biologist Award based on his contributions to chemical biology. Professor Pentelute will visit Kyoto, Japan, in October 2013 to attend the ICBS2013 conference where he will receive the award and present his work in the “Global rising stars in chemical biology” session of the meeting. development and to inspire others. The session is being held to showcase the presentations of upand-coming chemical biology scientists to promote their career Photo / Liz McGrath OUTSTANDING TA AWARD WINNERS AY 2012-13 Left to Right Front row: Jonathan Truong, Megan Brophy, Grace Han, Spencer Shinabery, Angela Gao 2nd row: Toshiki Nakashige, Chai Kaewsapsak, Andy McTeague, Sarah Luppino 3rd row: Prasahnt Sivarajah, Eric Keeler, Molly Sowers, Petra Lindovska Back row: DW Rowlands, Ken Kawamoto, Charles Ocampo, Tsehai Grell, Andrew DiChiara Last NameFirst NameResearch GroupSubject BrophyMeganNolan5.07 DiChiaraAndrewShoulders5.111 GaoXiaodiJohnson5.12 GrellTsehaiDrennan5.111 HanGraceSwager5.12 KaewsapsakPornchai (Chai)Ting5.07 & 5.310 KawamotoKenJohnson5.12 Keeler Eric Griffin 5.60 LindovskaPetraMovassaghi5.12 LuppinoSarahSwager5.12 McTeagueThomas (Andy)Jamison5.12 NakashigeToshikiNolan5.310 OcampoCharlesJamison5.12 PalmerRyanDincă5.310 & 5.301 RowlandsD.W.Ceyer5.112 ShinaberyRyan (Spencer)Buchwald5.37 SivarajahPrasahntNelson5.60 SowersMollyJohnson5.12 TruongJonathanMovassaghi5.301 Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 3 DRENNAN FEATURED IN NEW YORK (SCIENCE) TIMES ARTICLE P rofessor Cathy Drennan was one of 19 scientists featured recently in a New York (Science) Times article by NYT correspondent, Claudia Dreifus. Ms. Dreifus posed the question: "If you could make one change to improve science education in the United States, what would it be?" To read Professor Drennan's response, and to watch the "Behind the Scenes" referred to therein, click here. HALKINA SELECTED TO RECEIVE BMS FELLOWSHIP A fourth year graduate student in the Jamison Lab, Toma Halkina has been selected to receive a 2013-2014 Bristol-Myers Squibb Graduate Fellowship in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Toma was chosen based on her demonstrated academic and research achievements as well as her potential for significant future accomplishments. Toma will vist the Bristol-Myers Squibb research site in Lawrenceville, New Jersey next Spring to participate in the Bristol-Myers Squibb Chemistry Awards Symposium. Toma is working on a total synthesis of gambierol, which is one of the marine toxins found in red tides. The approach was inspired by a biosynthetic hypothesis and utilizes epoxide-opening cascades to generate the polycyclic core of gambierol. ZHANG TO PRESENT HIS WORK IN SHANGHAI A t the International Symposia on Advancing the Chemical Sciences (ISACS) 11: Challenges in Chemical Biology held in Boston in July 2013, Chi Zhang, a second-year graduate student in the Pentelute Lab, won the Exceptional Poster Prize. The prize provides Chi with the opportunity to travel to Shanghai next month to attend the Roche-RSC International Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry. At the symposium Chi will present a bioconjugation platform based on cysteine perfluoroarylation. Chi's previous work involves the development of 1) a peptide macrocyclization reaction for the generation of perfluoroaryl containing cyclic peptides; 2) a enzyme-catalyzed cysteine arylation reaction for peptide and protein modification. The future direction of his research is to apply the developed platform to produce cyclic peptides or modified proteins that could be potentially developed into next generation therapeutics. Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 4 MARTELL FINDS LINDAU EXPERIENCE ENERGIZING T he 63rd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting took place from June 30-July 5, 2013. Thirty-five Nobel Laureates and over six hundred young scientists from all over the world gathered on Lindau Island on Lake Constance in Germany to discuss important topics in chemistry. One of these young attendees was Jeff Martell, a fifth year graduate student in the Ting Lab. Jeff (right) pictured with Erwin Neher, winner of the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Jeff (third from left) with other Lake Constance on which Lindau American young scientists and Martin island is situated. Chalfie, winner of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Each morning, Nobel laureates lectured to a large audience on topics of their choice. In the afternoons, the large group broke up into smaller groups for discussion sessions, facilitating one-on-one interaction between students and laureates. Jeff reports that he found the laureate lectures both motivating and inspiring. Above all, however, he found the informal interactions with the other young scientists to be even more energizing. "Hearing about the work of my peers," he said, "educated me on many topics in chemistry research, and gave me a much broader perspective on the important problems." Two other graduate Chemistry students, Jian Cui (Bawendi Lab) and Marco Jost, (Drennan Lab) also attended the meeting. IDA M. GREEN FELLOWSHIP AWARDED TO LINDSEY RAY L indsey Ray, a first year graduate student has been awarded the Ida M. Green Fellowship. The fellowship is awarded to an incoming female graduate student and covers tuition, health insurance, and stipend for 9 months. The Office of the Dean for Graduate Students administers this endowed fellowship named for the late Ida M. Green, wife of the late Cecil H. Green. Lindsey carried out her undergraduate studies at Kutztown University in Pennsylvannia. She spent a year in Spain on a Fulbright before coming to the chemistry department at MIT to carry out her graduate studies. Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 5 Named Lectures FUJITA VISTS TO DELIVER MERCK PFISTER LECTURES Photo / Liz McGrath P rofessor Makota Fujita, University of Tokyo, visited the department on September 5 & 6 to deliver the Merck Pfister Lectures in Organic Chemistry. His lecture titles were: "Crystal-Free Crystallography," and "Coordination Self-Assembly: Structure And Function." Left to Right: Professors Jeremiah Johnson, Makoto Fujita and Timothy Swager REISMAN TO DELIVER SIGMA-ALDRICH LECTURE T he Sigma-Aldrich Lecture in Organic Chemistry will be delivered on Thursday, October 3, by Professor Sarah Reisman, Caltech. The topic of Professor Reisman's lecture will be on new methods and strategies for the synthesis of polycyclic natural products. The lecture will take place in Room 6-120 and will commence at 4:15 PM. There will be refreshments in Lobby 18 prior to the talk. MERCK-BANYU LECTURE IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY The Merck-Banyu Lecture in Organic Chemistry will be held on Thursday, October 24 at 4:15 PM in Room 6-120. Refreshments will be available in Lobby 18 prior to the lecture. This year's speaker is Professor Mamoru Tobisu, Osaka University. Professor Tobisu's lecture is titled: "Catalytic Transformation of Strong Sigma-Bonds: from New Cross-Coupling to Heterocycle Synthesis." Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 6 Photo / John Dolhun JUMPING IN THE DEEP END! S ix new Chemistry graduate students were assigned to teach Laboratory Chemistry 5.310 for the Fall, 2013 semester. The TA's reported for Bootcamp training on Monday August 19, 2013. During one intensive week, these six TA's mastered the five labs that the students do during the Fall semester. The photo shows the TA's taking water samples from the Charles to bring back to the Undergraduate Lab for testing part of the Charles River Lab. From front to back: Yisu Han, Peng Dai, Timothy Barnum, Deborah Ehrlich, Jessica Carr, Wesley Transue RADCLIFFE FELLOWSHIPS T he fellowship program at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study welcomes fellowship applications in the natural sciences and mathematics. For full details, visit: http://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/fellowship-program The deadline for applications is November 1, 2013. SIMONS FOUNDATION T he Simons Foundation invites nominations for Junior Fellows as part of the new Simons Society of Fellows program. The Society of Fellows strives to create a community of scholars and to encourage intellectual interactions across disciplines and across research centers in the New York City area. Senior Fellows of the Society of Fellows are distinguished scientists based in New York City. They are responsible for the selection of Junior Fellows, outstanding young scientists who will receive support from the foundation for three years to conduct independent research at an institution of higher learning in the New York City area. Junior Fellows will have no teaching obligations and are expected to be in residence in New York City during the academic year. They are expected to attend weekly dinners with Senior Fellows and a one-day annual conference at the foundation. Level and Duration of Funding: A Junior Fellow is appointed for a three-year period, beginning July 1, 2014. In 2014/15, a Junior Fellow will receive a stipend of $70,000, funds for fringe benefits, as well as $5,000 in research funds. The award is administered through the Junior Fellow’s New York City area host institution and this institution will receive an additional 20 percent in indirect costs. More information may be obtained from Liz McGrath, emg@mit.edu Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 7 cAll for ApplicAtions 2014–2015 fAculty for the future fellowships FAculTy FoR THE FuTuRE the schlumberger foundation is accepting applications for the 2014–2015 faculty for the future fellowships from September 9th to November 15th, 2013 for new applications; from September 9th to November 8th, 2013 for renewal applications. the schlumberger foundation faculty for the future program, launched in 2004, awards fellowships to women from developing and emerging economies to pursue phd or post-doctoral studies in the physical sciences*, engineering and technology at leading universities abroad. the long-term goal of the faculty for the future program is to generate conditions that result in more women pursuing academic careers in scientific disciplines thus contributing to the socio-economic development of their home countries and regions. the faculty for the future program is growing each year and has become a powerful community of 323 women scientists from 63 countries. grant recipients are selected as much for their leadership capabilities as for their scientific talents. ultimately they are expected to return to their home countries to continue their academic careers, to further their research, to teach and to become inspirational role models for other young women. All informAtion About the fA culty for the future fellowship progrAm cAn be found At: www.facultyforthefuture.net if you belieVe you Are eligible, pleAse Apply on-line As of SEPTEMBER 9 TH 2013 AT: www.fftf.slb.com faculty for the future grants are based on actual costs up to a maximum of usd 50,000 per year and may be renewed through to completion of studies subject to performance, self-evaluation, and recommendations from supervisors. candidates should have applied to, have been admitted to, or be currently enrolled in a university abroad when submitting their faculty for the future grant application. candidates must hold an excellent academic record and illustrate their commitment to teaching and research or to using their scientific knowledge in public policy advocacy. candidates should demonstrate leadership skills and have a track record in encouraging young women into the sciences. schlumberger foundation is an independent nonprofit entity that supports science and technology education. recognizing the link between science, technology, and socio-economic development, as well as the key role of education in realizing individual potential, the schlumberger foundation’s flagship program is faculty for the future. * related disciplines may also be awarded. for example, awards in biological sciences are limited to interdisciplinary research between physical and biological sciences. copyright © 2013 schlumberger foundation. All rights reserved. Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 8 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES The National Research Council of the National Academies sponsors a number of awards for graduate, postdoctoral and senior researchers at participating federal laboratories and affiliated institutions. These awards include generous stipends ranging from $42,000 - $80,000 per year for recent Ph.D. recipients, and higher for additional experience. Graduate entry level stipends begin at $30,000. These awards provide the opportunity for recipients to do independent research in some of the best-equipped and staffed laboratories in the U.S. Research opportunities are open to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and for some of the laboratories, foreign nationals. More detailed information and an online application can be found at www.nationalacademies.org/rap. Questions should be directed to the NRC at 202-334-2760 (phone) or rap@nas.edu. Review cycles: Review Cycle: November; Opens September 1; Closes November 1 Review Cycle: February; Opens December 1; Closes February 1 Review Cycle: May; Opens March 1; Closes May 1 Review Cycle: August; Opens June 1; Closes August 1 AstraZeneca Distinguished Graduate Chemistry Symposium November 15, 2013 AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451 We are pleased to announce the 5th annual AstraZeneca Distinguished Graduate Chemistry Symposium, to be held on Friday, November 15, 2013. At this event, you will hear from recipients of AstraZeneca’s chemistry fellowships as well as AstraZeneca scientists, who will speak about drug discovery as it relates to specific projects. This will be a great opportunity to interact with our colleagues from many scientific disciplines. 2011-­‐2013 AZDG Fellowship Award Recipients Name Group University Angela Gao Johnson MIT Alexander Vinogradov Pentelute MIT Daniel Silverio Hoveyda Boston College Xixi Sun Tan Boston College Brian Sparling Shair Harvard University Jenny Liu Johnson MIT Rob Ely Morken Boston College Miao Yu Hoveyda Boston College Giannina Schaefer Schreiber Harvard If you are a chemistry graduate student or post-­‐doc and would like to attend this event, RSVP to Tricia May at tricia.may@astrazeneca.com. Space is limited so attendance will be on a first-­‐come first-­‐serve basis. Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 9 GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS For Innovators in the Applied Physical, Biological, and Engineering Sciences WE ARE LOOKING FOR • Exceptional creativity • Broad understanding of physical principles • Outstanding potential for innovative research • Applying to or enrolled in a PhD program • American citizenship or permanent residency WE SUPPORT RESEARCH IN The He l h ip t ion ■ ■ • • • sciences or engineering Approximately 20 new Fellowships awarded annually Over 40 currently participating U.S. research universities Two options available, chosen at time of award n d a t i on Fe Fou l s ow • Emphasis on near-term application of applied r tz en ov a nn it m APPLY TODAY The Hertz Foundation selects, supports, and mentors the brightest technical people in the nation, giving them all possible freedom to find their creative limits. By further providing them opportunities to interact as a community, we help equip them to meet John Hertz’s challenge to serve the nation. Com m • Astrophysics • Chemistry • Computer Science • Earth Science • Engineering • Materials Science • Mathematics • Physics • Quantitative Biology/Biotechnology ■ t ■C y o m m u n it I Celebrating 50 Years OPTION 1: FIVE-YEAR HERTZ › › › $32,000/9 month Personal Stipend* Full Tuition Equivalent Renewable for up to 5 years OPTION 2: FIVE-YEAR COORDINATED Hertz Period—Two Years › $37,000/9 month Personal Stipend* › Full Tuition Equivalent Other Fellowship Period—Up To Three Years › $5,000/year Supplemental Stipend* from Hertz › Requires Awardee to accept 3-year Fellowship from another source *+$5,000/yr for dependent child care NOVEMBER 1, 2013 A P P L I C AT I O N D E A D L I N E w w w.her t z foundation.org A P P LY O N L I N E FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2 014 – 2 015 Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 10 2013 Biotechnology & Standards Conference The Prospects for a Life Sciences Standards Revolution WHEN: Tuesday, October 1, 2013, 8:30 AM - 3:00 PM WHERE: The Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA The Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Center for Biomedical Innovation (CBI) and the Global Biological Standards Institute (GBSI) are co-hosting a 1-day conference on the growing role of standards in biotechnology. The purpose of this groundbreaking conference is to identify key opportunities for standards in life sciences research, encourage more systemic evaluation of the role that standards might play, and initiate the formation of a community committed to the development of robust and meaningful standard-setting in the life sciences going forward. KEYNOTE SPEAKER Raymond Cypess Chairman & CEO American Type Culture Collection HOSTS PANEL – STANDARDS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES What are standards in the life sciences and why are they important? How can standards facilitate better translation of basic biological research and enhance translational and regulatory sciences? In this panel discussion, the FDA, Standard Development Organizations (SDOs) and other experts will discuss the prospects and the challenges of standards in biotechnology. Leonard Freedman President Global Biological Standards Institute Mary Lou Gantzer President Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute Laurie Locascio Director MML, National Institute of Standards & Technology Pierre Azoulay Associate Professor MIT Sloan School of Management Keith Webber Acting Director Office of Pharmaceutical Science, FDA PANEL – BIOMATERIALS STANDARDS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES A growing concern in life sciences research is reproducibility of preclinical research findings. How can standards help assure that biomaterials such as cell lines used for cancer research or cell therapies used for regenerative medicine are authenticated? As we quickly approach an age where a human genome can be sequenced for $1000, what are the needs for management, interpretation, and integration of this data? Anthony J. Sinskey Faculty Director, CBI; Professor of Microbiology & Engineering Systems, Professor of HST, Harvard-MIT Health Division of Health Sciences, MIT Stacy Springs Director, Biomanufacturing Research Program, CBI, MIT Scott Stern Distinguished Professor & Chair of the Technological Innovation, Entrepreneurship, & Strategic Management Group, MIT Sloan School of Management William E. Bentley Chair of Bioengineering Department, University of Maryland Brad Margus CEO Genome Bridge John R. Masters Professor of Experimental Pathology University College London Leslie E. Silberstein Director Center for Human Cell Therapy Boston Ron Weiss Associate Professor of Bioengineering and EECS, MIT PANEL – LESSONS FROM OTHER INDUSTRIES What can we learn from the use of standards in areas such as the World Wide Web, or the Internet? What role do standard-setting organizations play in helping to translate university-based research into commercial products and services? How do standard-setting organizations manage disputes or conflicts over intellectual property? Iain M. Cockburn Professor of Management Boston University Stuart Graham Senior Advisor on Economic Policy, U.S. Patent & Trademark Office Shane Greenstein Kellogg Chair in Information Technology Northwestern University Timothy Simcoe Associate Professor of Strategy & Innovation Boston University Fiona E. Murray David Sarnoff Professor of Management of Technology, MIT Sloan School of Management INVITED PRESENTERS Leonard Freedman President, Global Biological Standards Institute Tom Dedeurwaerdere Professor, Université catholique de Louvain Véronique Kiermer Executive Editor Nature Publishing Group REGISTER TODAY: cbi.mit.edu/2013biotechandstandards Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 11 Job Opportunities Please contact Liz McGrath, (emg@mit.edu) for further details Institution/Company # Level of Hire Area American University 1 Assistant Professor Biological Materials Washington University in St. Louis 1 Assistant Professor (1) Applications driven computational chemist. (2) Open Materials Chemistry LeHigh University 2 Assistant Professor Org Chemistry/Exp Phys Chemistry Yes Wesleyan Univeristy 1 University of Kentucky 2 University of Virginia, Charlottesville 1 University of California, Davis University of Nevada, Reno Washington and Lee University University of New Hampshire University of Iowa University of Iowa Virgina Tech Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Tech University of Wisconsin-Madison 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 >1 Assist or Assoc Prof Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assist or Assoc Prof Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor RAN Biotechnologies, Beverly, MA 1 Greenlight Biosciences 1 PhD in Chemistry NIH T32 funded postdoctoral positions SB AcademicKeys >1 Academic Positions Joule Scientific Staffing Solutions 1 2-3 Assistant Professor >1 SM or PhD Lab positions Tenure Track Yes Yes Yes Interface of Biology and Chemistry Yes Experimental Physical Chemistry Yes Organic Chemistry Yes Inorganic Materials Biochemistry Inorganic/Organometallic Chem Chemical Education Inorganic Chemistry Theoretical/Computational Chem Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Biochem, Chem Biology, Org Chem Yes Laboratory Coordinator 12 mths Molecular and Applied Nutritional up to 3 yrs Training Program (MANTP) Entry level synthetic chemist Fermentation Lead to work on cutting edge technology in the renewable chemicals space. http://www.academickeys.com http://www.joulescientific.com/ Chemformation, Vol 30, no. 6Page 12