FACULTY OF SCIENCES SCHOOL OF SPORT & EXERCISE SCIENCES BSc (Hons) Sport and Exercise Science COURSE GUIDE 2015/16 THE UNIVERSITY OF KENT AT MEDWAY 1 UNIVERSITY OF KENT AT MEDWAY School of Sport and Exercise Sciences – UNDERGRADUATE COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. USEFUL NAMES , NUMBERS & CAMPUS MAP 5 3. AIMS AND OBJECTVES 8 4. COURSE STRUCTURE & ORGANISATION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 Curriculum Content and Organisation Teaching Weeks 2014/15 The Credit Framework Assessment Conventions Stage 1 Assessment Conventions Stage 2 & 3 Choosing Your Modules Information about Lectures/Seminars/Timetable Coursework & Examinations Seminars & Supervisions Assessment Arrangements Student Data System Course Monitoring Course Evaluation Teaching & Learning Strategy Information Technology, e-learning and Moodle Tutorials Complaints Procedure Internal Mail/Electronic Mail/Web Intermission / Withdrawal / Transfer of Faculty Student Learning Advisory Service Diploma Supplement Counselling Service ENGLISH Language Unit Student Support and Wellbeing The Careers Service Student Representation Student Activities Centre The Registry Student Welfare Offices & Medical Information Chaplaincy Volunteering & Skills Development Medical Information 2 9 36 37 41 42 45 45 46 48 50 50 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 56 58 59 60 60 61 62 63 63 63 65 66 66 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37 4.38 5. European Computer Driving Licence Library Information The Kent Law Clinic Jobshop The Faculty Office ‘Getting Started at Kent’ booklet 66 67 67 67 68 68 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 Assignment Feedback Form Assessment criteria essays, reports & dissertations Concession Request Form Extension Request Form Essay Guidelines Improving your Content What your Tutor will be looking for Academic Integrity and Honesty at University Referencing Your Work Personal Development Planner PDP Dignity at Work and Study Policy European Credit Transfer System University Support Services Links Personal Academic Support System (PASS) Greenwich and Kent Students’ Unions Together 3 69 70 72 75 78 81 82 83 85 91 91 92 94 94 96 School of Sport and Exercise Sciences UNDERGRADUATE COURSE GUIDE 1. INTRODUCTION Welcome to the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Kent. This Course Guide sets out some general information, and the rules and regulations concerning the following Undergraduate degree programmes: BSc (Hons) Sport and Exercise Science You will be given access to individual module guides, which will provide the details of each individual module that you are studying e.g. module content, assessment details and key readings. You will be allocated an Academic Tutor who, as a new student, you are required to meet at least once in the first term. Tutor lists will be posted on student notice boards early in the autumn term. Please ensure you find out who your tutor is and their office hours so that you can make initial contact to discuss your progress on the course and any other related matters. If you require any further information about any aspect of the course please feel free to contact me, or Michaela Fullman in room M1-03. I hope that you enjoy your time at the University of Kent and successfully complete your studies. Professor Louis Passfield Head of School of Sport and Exercise Sciences Room M2-31 Telephone Number (01634 888858) E-mail address l.passfield@kent.ac.uk 4 2. USEFUL NAMES, NUMBERS & CAMPUS MAP School of Sport and Exercise Sciences Prof Louis Passfield Head of the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences Academic Staff Jane Glew Deputy Head of the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences. Module Convenor SS556. Dr Steve Meadows Director of Studies for: BSc (Hons) Sport & Exercise for Health, Lecturer, School Senior Tutor, Chair of Ethics & Chief Examiner (Stage1). Module Convenor SS523 & SS527 Dr James Hopker Senior Lecturer & Academic Advisor Module Convenor SS349, SS564 & SS802 Lucy Hale Lecturer, Academic Advisor & UG Admissions Lecturer and Lecturer Module Convenor SS313, SS533 & SS809 Dr.Sakis Pappous Reader – on sabbatical. Dr Nikki Koutrou Dr Carla Meijen Kyra De Berthoud Sadie Jones Coninck Dr Glen Davison Dr Lex Mauger Lecturer & Academic Advisor Module convenor for SS530, SS504, SS503, SS555, SS567 SS574 & SS350 Lecturer, Chair of Staff Student Liaison Committee Meeting, Chief examiner for all undergraduate programmes & Personal Tutor Module Convenor SS312, SS344, SS546, SS569 & SS807 Lecturer & Academic Advisor Module Convenor SS347 & SS558 Lecturer, Academic Advisor & Director of Studies for BSc Sports Therapy Module Convenor for SS562 & SS822 Senior Lecturer & Academic Advisor Director of Studies for: MSc Sport Science for Optimal Performance, Director of Graduate Studies, PGT Admissions (Science),Endurance Research Group co-ordinator, coordinating SSES Peer observation Module Convenor SS565 & SS820 Senior Lecturer & Academic Advisor & Director of Studies for BSc (Hons) Sport and Exercise Science and MSci Applied Sport and Exercise Science Module Convenor SS534 & SS821 5 01634 888813 L.Passfield@kent.ac.uk 01634 888807 J.P.Glew@kent.ac.uk 01634 888811 S.Meadows@kent.ac.uk 01634 888814 J.G.Hopker@kent.ac.uk 01634 888810 L.J.Hale@kent.ac.uk 01634 888892 A.Pappous@kent.ac.uk 01634 888952 N.Koutrou@kent.ac.uk 01634 888816 C.Meijen@kent.ac.uk 01634 888809 01634 888971 K.De-Coninck@kent.ac.uk 01634 888994 G.Davison@kent.ac.uk 01634 888997 L.Mauger@kent.ac.uk S.Jones@kent.ac.uk Dr Karen Hambly Director of Learning & Teaching, Senior Lecturer, Academic Advisor SSES Plagiarism Officer, Lead for STPAH Research Group & Lead for Student experience and teaching workgroup. Module Convenor SS561, SS568 & SS804 Director of Research and MSc Academic Advisor Senior Lecturer & Academic Advisor Module Convenor SS326, SS345, SS566 , SS571, SS573 & SS806 Senior Lecturer & Academic Advisor Director of Studies for: BA (Hons) Sport & Exercise Management and BA (Hons) in Sport Management Module Convenor SS338, SS346 & SS576 Lecturer, Deputy Director of Learning and Teaching & Academic Advisor Module Convenor SS327, SS575 & SS803 Lecturer, Academic Advisor & Deputy chair for Ethics committee and Chair of SSES Disciplinary Committee. Module Convenor SS559 & SS560 01634 888805 K.Hambly@kent.ac.uk 01634 202791 01634 202904 S.M.Marcora@kent.ac.uk 01634 202998 J.W.Dickinson@kent.ac.uk 01634 888815 S.L.Winter@kent.ac.uk 01634 888465 K.Muthumayandi@kent.ac.uk Stephen Earl Sessional Lecturer tbc Dave Hooper Sessional Lecturer Dr John Molphy Sessional Lecturer Yusuf Shah Sessional Lecturer Hugh Thomson Sessional Lecturer 01634 888880 01634 888880 01634 888880 01634 888880 01634 888880 01634 888457 m.merlini-553@kent.ac.uk 01634 888812 01634 888812 01634 333078 tbc 01634 888808 01634 888858 N.S.Johnson@kent.ac.uk Prof.Samuele Marcora Dr Mark Burnley Dr John Dickinson Dr.Samantha Winter Karthik Muthumayandi Sessional Staff Research Staff Michele Merlini Research Assistant D.Hooper@kent.ac.uk j.r.molphy@kent.ac.uk Ys99@kent.ac.uk H.Thomson@kent.ac.uk Technical Staff Andrew Wickens Senior Sports Technician Laura McPherson Sport Support Technician James Hogg Sport Support Technician M.Burnley@kent.ac.uk L.mcpherson@kent.ac.uk J.Hogg-580@kent.ac.uk Administrative Staff Nicola Johnson Centre Administrator Ruth Cox Clerical Officer/PA 6 R.E.Cox@kent.ac.uk Michaela Fullman Student Support Officer 01634 202999 M.j.fullman@kent.ac.uk Richard Millns School Administration Manager R.A.Millns@kent.ac.uk tbc Marketing Officer 01634 202905 01634 888463 Support/Administrative Staff - Chatham Maritime – Medway Building Michaela Dalzell Ann Finnegan Vicki Scarrott Levis Fernandes Sarah Megson Jodie Innes Kelly Pawley Receptionist 01634 888801/888802 M.Dalzell@kent.ac.uk Finance 9:30 to 4:30 Central Administration Manager Clerical Officer / Central Administration Clerical Officer/ Central Administration 01634 888913 ukmfinance@kent.ac.uk 01634 888937 S.Megson@kent.ac.uk 01634 888803 J.Innes@kent.ac.uk 01634 888898 K.Pawley@kent.ac.uk 7 2a MEDWAY CAMPUS MAP 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES For full details of programme aims and objectives see http://www.kent.ac.uk/stms/. Then go to Information for Undergraduates and Programme Specifications. 8 4. COURSE STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION 4.1 Curriculum Content and Organisation Stage 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (Level C) 30 Credits Dr John Dickinson/ Dr Irisz Levai / Anna Jackson Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS338 Autumn & Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 50% In Class Test 50% practical skills examination Lectures – 22 hours per annum; Seminars – 22 hours (approximately) Module Details: The main aims of this module are to provide students with the knowledge and ability to explore and gain knowledge of human physiology. Students will explore the major systems of the human body, including the musculoskeletal system, the cardiovascular system and the nervous system. Students will gain an understanding of their structure, how they function, and how they are affected by exercise. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Understand the structure and function of the major body systems. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the roles of the body systems in maintaining the body’s internal environment during rest and in facilitating movement. 3. Describe the responses and adaptations of the body systems to exercise. Preliminary Reading: [Mc]McArdle, W, D., Katch, I, F., Katch, V, L. (2009) Exercise Physiology Energy, Nutrition and Human Performance. (7th Edn). London:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [Tort]Tortora, G, J & Derrickson, B. (2008) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. (12th Edn). London: Wiley. Wilmore, J.H., Costill, D.L., & Kenny, L. W. (2008). Physiology of Sport and Exercise. 4th Edition. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics. 9 Introduction to Fitness Testing (Level C) 15 Credits Dr John Molphy Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS348 Autumn This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% observed practical assessment Lectures – 10 hours per annum (approximately) ; Seminars – 10 hours Module Details: This module looks at the systematic processes involved in testing fitness. Consideration is given to the evaluation of fitness in both the field and in the laboratory. A range of fitness tests for a variety of parameters of fitness are covered. Students are taught to consider the reliability and validity of the tests as well as the specificity of the test to the population they are working with. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the different components of basic physical fitness and their contribution to health and athletic performance. 2. Administer a fitness assessment Preliminary Reading: ACSM. (2009). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing & Prescription. 8th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 616.82/ACS Heyward, V.H. (2010). Advanced Fitness Assessment & Exercise Prescription. 6th edn. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. 613.7/HEY Maud, P.J. & Foster, C. (Eds). (2006). Physiological Assessment of Human Fitness. 2nd edn. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. 613.70287/MAU . 10 SPORT AND EXERCISE NUTRITION (Level C) 15 Credits Lucy Hale Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS313 Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% written examination Lectures – 9 hours per annum (approximately). Labs - 9 hours per annum Module Details: This module provides students with an introduction to the basic principles of Sport and Exercise Nutrition. Students will explore the macronutrients and micronutrients and Fluid guidelines. A strong physiological understanding underpins much of the module content Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Determine the importance of selected nutrients and their functions within the body. 2. Discuss how nutrition can help athletes enhance exercise performance. 3. Discuss the dietary reference values (DRV) for sedentary and athletic populations and limitations associated with the use of DRVs. Preliminary Reading: Burke, L & Deakin, V. ( 2010) Clinical Sports Nutrition 4th Ed. London: McGraw and Hill Jeukendrup, A & Gleeson, M. (2010) Sports Nutrition: An Introduction to Energy Production and Performance 2nd Ed. Champaign, IL; Leeds: Human Kinetics. McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I & Katch, V. L. (2005) Sports & Exercise Nutrition 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 11 FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY (Level C) 15 Credits Dr Mark /Burnley Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS326 Autumn & Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% exam Module Aims: The main aims of this module are to provide students with the knowledge and ability to explore and gain knowledge of anatomy and biomechanics. Students will learn to describe the structure and function of the major bones, joints, muscles and soft tissue structures of the lower limb, upper limb and trunk. Students will also be able to describe the basic movements of the body. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Identify the major bones, muscles and joints of the human body 2. To describe the basic movements of the body. 3. Relate the interrelationship of human anatomical structure and function. Preliminary Reading: Beil, A. (2005) Trail Guide to the Body. 3rd edn. Canada: Books of Discovery. Palastanga, N. and Soames, R. (2012) Anatomy and Human Movement. Structure and Function (6th Ed) London. Churchill Livingstone. Stone, R. & Stone, J. (2005) Atlas of the Skeletal Muscles. 5th edn. Boston. McGraw-Hill. 12 Introduction to Sport & Exercise Psychology (Level C) 15 Credits Dr Carla Meijen/ Stephen Earl Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS344 Autumn This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% In Class Test Lectures – 12 hours per annum; Module Details: The module aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of human responses and adaptations to sport and exercise. Using a psychological approach, students acquire knowledge and understanding of sport and exercise performance and exercise adherence to promote health. Lectures and seminars provide forums for discussion and understanding of cognitions, affect and behaviour and the complex interactions between these. A key module aim is to provide an understanding of the application of theory to real ‘applied’ situations within sport and exercise settings. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: Students who take full advantage of the opportunities made available to them will, on successful completion of the module, be able to: 1. Show knowledge of psychological theories relating to sport & exercise 2. Show knowledge of cognitive and social psychological factors that influence behaviour in a sport & exercise environment 3. Show knowledge of the theoretical principles of sports psychology underpinning applied practice 4. Show knowledge of group and individual behaviour in sport & exercise environments Preliminary Reading: Gill, D.L., & Williams, L. (2008). Psychological dynamics of sport and exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Schmidt, R.A., & Wrisberg, C.A. (2008). Motor learning and performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Weinberg, R.S., & Gould, D. (2011/5) Foundations of Sport & Exercise Psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 13 Introduction to Professional Skills (Level C) 15 Credits Dr James Hopker/ SSES staff Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS349 Autumn This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% coursework and attendance pass/fail Lectures – 12 hours per annum; Seminars - 12 hours per annum Module Details: The module aims to provide students with a basic knowledge of professional skills, including employability skills, and research methods. This includes an introduction to academic writing style, referencing, plagiarism, quantitative research, qualitative research, history of science, critical thinking, and statistics. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: Students who take full advantage of the opportunities made available to them will, on successful completion of the module, be able to: 1. To implement appropriate academic skills specific to the area of study 2. To demonstrate understanding of basic research and statistical concepts 3. To understand principles of research design and ethics 4. To demonstrate an appreciation of time management and professional practice consummate with that expected for University study. Preliminary Reading: Burns, R.B. (2000). Introduction to Research methods. London, United Kingdom: Sage. Coyle, D. (2010). The talent code: Greatness isn’t born. It’s grown. London, United Kingdom: The Random House Group Dweck, C. (2012). Mindset: How you can fulfil your potential. London, United Kingdom: Constable & Robinson. Gladwell, M. (2008) Outliers: The story of success. London, United Kingdom: Penguin UK. 14 Gratton, C., & Jones, I. (2010). Research methods for sports studies. Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge. Ryall, E. (2010). Critical thinking for sports students. Exeter, United Kingdom: Learning Matters Ltd. Syed, M. (2010). Bounce. The myth of talent and the power of practice. London, United Kingdom: Harper Collins. Syed, M. (2010). Bounce. The myth of talent and the power of practice. London, United Kingdom: Harper Collins. 15 MODULE SS327 Introduction to Biomechanics (Level C) 15 Credits Dr Samantha Winter Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only Four online open book quizzes 60% and one written worksheet 40% Lectures – 12 hours per annum; Seminars - 12 hours per annum Module Details: The module aims to provide students with a basic understanding of mechanical principles and their applications to sports performance and human movement in general. We will work by specifying a question about an aspect of sports performance, and then examining the mechanical principles that allow us to answer this question. You will need to use basic algebra to answer some of the questions, but we will cover these techniques in class and there will be plenty of information available via Moodle, so don’t worry if you haven’t done any maths for a while. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Define basic biomechanical terms including: kinematic terms such as velocity and acceleration, force, mass, work, energy. 2. Apply Newton's Laws and the impulse-change in momentum relationship to basic two dimensional whole body movement. 3. Use basic trigonometric and algebraic techniques to manipulate and solve equations of uniform acceleration. 4. Describe the effect of air resistance on performance in sports such as cycling and tennis. Preliminary Reading: Hay, J.G. (1993) The biomechanics of sports techniques. 4 th Ed. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall. McGinnis, P. (2013) Biomechanics of sport and exercise. 3 rd Ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 16 Stage 2 APPLIED SPORT AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY (Level I) 30 Credits Dr. Lex Mauger Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS534 Autumn & Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 10% practical/log assessment; 50% written examination ; 40% Written coursework assessment Lectures – 36 hours per annum (approximately) Module Details: The module explores the body’s physiological response to exercise. The module deals with the assessment and interpretation of aerobic and anaerobic fitness and performance, blood lactate and ventilatory thresholds, as well as cardiovascular control during exercise. It aims to provide a critical review of the key physiological factors that determine and thus limit exercise performance in humans. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Demonstrated a detailed understanding of physiological systems relevant to exercise - muscle, cardiovascular, thermoregulation, respiratory. 2. Demonstrated a detailed understanding of the regulation, adjustment and integration of specific physiological systems to the challenge of exercise. 3. Discussed the adaptation of specific physiological systems to training. 4. Demonstrated competence in a range of physiology practical’s and defined set of experimental and statistical techniques. Preliminary Reading: McArdle, W. D., Katch, F.I. & Katch, V.L. (2010). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. 7th edn. Balitmore, USA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. 17 Research Methods 15 Credits Required Dr Samantha Winter Availability Method of Assessment: MODULE SS575 Autumn This module is taught at the Medway campus only The assessment for this module is an analysis and written results section which will be administered via Moodle, which is worth 100% of the module mark. Contact Hours: Module Details: The module aims to provide students with an understanding of research methods typically used in the sport and exercise sciences, a large section on statistics and a shorter section on qualitative analysis. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Analyse the strengths and weaknesses associated with selected research methods; 2. Identify and interpret descriptive, graphical and inferential statistics that inform answers to specific research questions concerned with both simple and complex research designs; 3. Conduct a variety of statistical analyses using the computer software SPSS and communicate an interpretation of the output in a written research report format; 4. Familiarise themselves with the workings of a research study through voluntary participation in a project. Preliminary Reading: Vincent, W. J. and Weir, J. (2012). Statistics in kinesiology. 4th Ed. Leeds: Human Kinetics. 18 SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY (Level I) 15 Credits Dr. Carla Meijen Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS569 Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% coursework Lectures – 24 hours per annum (approximately) Module Details: The module aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of human responses and adaptations to sport and exercise. Using a psychological approach, students acquire knowledge and understanding of sport and exercise performance and exercise adherence to promote health. Lectures and seminars provide forums for discussion and understanding of cognitions, affect and behaviour and the complex interactions between these. A key module aim is to provide an understanding of the application of theory to real ‘applied’ situations within sport and exercise settings. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Discuss and apply psychological theories relating to sport & exercise 2. Discuss the influence of cognitive and social psychological factors that influence behaviour in a sport and exercise environment 3. Discuss the theoretical principles of sports psychology underpinning applied practice 4. Discuss and apply knowledge of psychological concepts to group and individual behaviour in sport and exercise environments Preliminary Reading: Biddle, S.J.H. & Mutrie, N. (2006). Psychology of physical activity determinants, well-being and interventions. London: Routledge. Buckworth, J., Dishman, R.L., O’Connor, P.J., & Tomporowski, P. (2013). Exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Gill, D. L., & Williams, L. (2008). Psychological dynamics of sport and exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Lavallee, D., Williams, J.M., & Jones, M.V. (2008). Key studies in sport and exercise psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Taylor, J. & Wilson, G. (2005). Applying sport psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 19 Weinberg, R.S., & Gould, D. (2007/2011). Foundations of Sport & Exercise Psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 20 Biomechanical Analysis (Level I) 15 Credits MODULE SS577 Autumn Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% Coursework Total hours for the module will be 150. This will include 1 hour Lecture per week for 11 weeks. There will also be a 1 hour seminar each week. Module Details: This module is concerned with angular mechanics and the biomechanics of complex movements. Laboratory experimentation will provide the opportunity for students to develop practical skills in the use of a range of analysis equipment such as a force plate and computer-based motion analysis. A range of sport and exercise situations will be used to illustrate the mechanical principles considered. These could include kinematic analysis of walking; the kinetics of weight lifting; the computation of resultant joint moments and gait analysis. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of the module students will be able: 1. Apply Newton’s Laws to whole body and segmental angular motion. 2. Identify the steps involved in computing resultant joint moments using a two dimensional inverse dynamics procedure and critically discuss methodological issues involved in collecting the necessary data. 3. Explain the advantages of muscle indeterminacy and the limitations of an inverse dynamics analysis. 4. Interpret a joint moment-time profile to identify common gait issues. 5. Recognise a typical stress-strain relationship for biological tissues and the changes in mechanical properties that occur with training, ageing and disuse. Preliminary Reading: Hamill, J. and Knutzen, K.M. (2009) Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3rd Ed. London: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Hay, J.G. (1993) The biomechanics of sports techniques. 4th Ed. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall. McGinnis, P. (2005) Biomechanics of sport and exercise. 2nd Ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Nordin, M. and Frankel, V. H. (2001) Basic biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. 3rd Ed. London : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 21 Nigg, B. and Herzog, W. (2007). Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System. 3rd Ed. Chichester: Wiley & Son. Winter, D. A. (2009) Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. 4th Ed. Chichester: Wiley & Son 22 Applied Nutrition for Sports Performance (Level I) 15 Credits optional Lucy Hale Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS533 Autumn This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% written coursework Total Hours for the module will be 150. This will include 1 hour lecture per week. Module Details: This module takes basic nutrition to the next level in an applied manner. The different needs of different sports persons are considered. Students will gain critical knowledge of common nutrition data collection and analysis methods. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Critically review and apply knowledge of nutrition in relation to sport. 2. Critically review factors that may influence the nutritional requirements of sporting disciplines. 3. Compare and contrast different methods of nutrition data collection and analysis. Preliminary Reading: Burke L., Deakin V. Clinical Sports Nutrition. McGraw and Hill Burke, L. Practical Sports Nutrition. Australia: Human Kinetics McCance & Widowsons. The Composition of Foods. Compiled by the Food Standards Agency and Institute of Food Research: Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. (3rd 4th and 5th edition is also acceptable) Jeukendrup A & Gleeson M. Sports Nutrition: An Introduction to Energy Production and Performance Human Kinetics. McArdle W.D., Katch F. I., Katch V. L. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 23 RESEARCH STUDY PREPARATION (Level I) 15 Credits Dr Mark Burnley/ Science and Therapy SSES Staff Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS573 Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% Dissertation Proposal 1 hour lecture and 1 hour seminar a week or supervisory meetings Module Details: The main aims of this module are to prepare students to conduct a research dissertation in their third year. As such, this module precedes the SS566 Research Study in Sport Sciences. Students will be introduced to the process of proposing research and gaining ethical clearance to conduct that research. They will also be introduced to the research areas studied in the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences and be provided with the opportunity to discuss their research ideas with members of staff. By the end of the module, students will have produced a clear proposal for their 3rd year dissertation to proceed with the assistance of a named supervisor and submit an application for ethical clearance. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: Students who take full advantage of the opportunities made available to them will, on successful completion of the module, be able to: 1. Complete an appropriate literature search associated with their chosen topic of study using primary and secondary sources; 2. Demonstrate theoretical knowledge of devising a clear specific and testable research question that can be realistically addressed within the limitations of undergraduate study; 3. Work collaboratively with a recognized expert in their area of research interest; 4. Demonstrate an awareness of the ethical concerns of research within their subject specialism. Preliminary Reading: Burns, R. (2000). Introduction to Research Methods. London: Sage. Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Lynch, C. (2010). Doing you research project in sport. Exeter: Swales and Willis Field, A., Hole, G. (2003). How to design and report experiments. London: Sage 24 Locke, L. Spirduso, W. Silverman, S. (2009) Reading and Understanding Research. 3rd Ed. London: Sage. 25 FITNESS TRAINING METHODS (Level I) 15 Credits Dr John Molphy Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS570 Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 50% practical, 50% in-class test Lectures – 10 hours per annum; Labs - 10 hours per annum (approx.) Module Details: This module will provide students with a grounding in training theory and application, specifically looking at programme design and implementation in health and athletic performance. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: Students who take full advantage of the opportunities made available to them will, on successful completion of the module, be able to: 1. Apply knowledge and understanding of the different components of physical 2. Fitness and their contribution to health and athletic performance . 3. Demonstrate theoretical knowledge and application of training programme and training methodology design, evaluation and implementation 4. Administer and evaluate an exercise training programme Preliminary Reading: Baechle, T.R. (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 3rd Edition. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Bompa, T.O. (2009). Periodization: Theory & Methodology of Training. 5th Edition. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. NASM. (2012). NASM Essentials of personal training. 4th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 26 Stage 3 EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION, REFERRAL AND REHABILITATION (Level H) Optional 30 Credits Steve Meadows Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS523 Autumn & Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 60% coursework; 40% Examination Lectures – 22 hours per annum; Seminars – 22 hours (approximately) Module Details: The module provides a natural progression from Year 1 & 2 modules relating to exercise prescription. It introduces students to some clinical exercise physiology & the use of physical activity as a clinical management tool to sustain & promote health. In September 2009, the Government announced that physical activity should have a more central role within NHS policy making. This suggests that exercise has an important clinical function, and should not just be considered a lifestyle choice. The main focus for the module is on an older adult population, who have an increased risk of disease. Key exercise prescription principles are covered, and the sessions will encourage students to take a critical and innovative approach to promoting physical activity to older adult groups with different clinical conditions. The assessments encourage vocational application of knowledge through a case study assignment, using an older adult with diagnosed coronary heart disease. Examination questions challenge the physiological & psychosocial issues encountered in clinical groups. Students need to be able to demonstrate that they can prescribe appropriate and effective exercise / physical activity plans that accommodate the many challenges these population groups face. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Critically discuss the role of exercise / physical activity for different clinical population groups. 2. Explain appropriate adaptation / modification of exercise / physical activity for different clinical population groups. 3. Recommend / prescribe appropriate exercise / physical activity plans for different clinical population groups Preliminary Reading: Durstine, J.L. et al. (Eds.) (2009) ACSM’s Exercise Management for Persons with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities. 3rd Ed. Illinois: Human Kinetics. Pescatello, L.S. (Ed.) (2014) ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing & Prescription, (9th ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 27 Woolf-May, K. (2006) Exercise Prescription: Physiological Foundations. A Guide for Health, Sport & Exercise Professionals. London: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 28 HIGH PERFORMANCE PHYSIOLOGY (Level H) optional 15 Credits Dr. James Hopker/ Joel Chidley Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS564 Autumn This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% coursework Lectures – 12 hours per annum; Seminars – 12 hours (approximately) Module Details: This module aims to increase the student’s knowledge and understanding of the physiology governing sports performance. Contemporary training methods will be discussed. It also further develops the skills necessary to analyse and critically assess performance. Practical sessions will also be conducted to reinforce theoretical knowledge. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Understand the integrated nature of exercise physiology 2. Critically analyse the key physiological components required in sport and exercise related activities 3. Critically analyse contemporary issues in relation to exercise physiology and training Preliminary Reading: McArdle, W. D., Katch, F.I., & Katch, V.L. (2010). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. 7th edn. Balitmore, USA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. 29 Specialised Issues in Sport and Exercise (Level H) 15 Credits Optional Dr. John Dickinson Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS576 Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% coursework Lectures – 10 hours per annum (approximately) Module Details: Individuals from a variety of populations take part in sport and exercise. This module takes an in-depth look at 'athletic populations' and factors that impact on performance. Students will critically analyse and discuss what types of exercise are optimal for different athletes and consider the risks and benefits associated with sport and exercise activities. Students will focus on some key issues related to sports performance, e.g. managing athlete with respiratory issues? What strategies could be put to minimise musculoskeletal injury in child athletes? Should pregnant females play sport? The module utilises the expertise of staff within SESS, guest speakers and student contributions. Students will be encouraged to think about how they might work with athletes on an individual basis. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the scientific principles underpinning sport & exercise performance for different athletic populations and environments 2. Critically analyse the benefits and risks of sport and exercise for different athlete populations and environments 3. Critically analyse exercise recommendations for individual athletes Preliminary Reading: Joyce , D. & Lewindon, D. (2014) High Performance Training for Sports. Champaign: Human Kinetics. Lane, A. et al (2014) Case Studies in Sport Science and Medicine. London: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform ACSM (2010) ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 8th Ed. Maryland: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Kremer & Fleck (2006) Strength Training for Young Athletes. Champaign, IL Human Kinetiics. 30 McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I. & Katch, V.L. (2009) Exercise Physiology – Energy, Nutrition & Human Performance. 7th Ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rowland, T.W. (2005) Children’s Exercise Physiology. 2nd Ed. Leeds: Human Kinetics. Winter, E.M. et al (2007) Sport & Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines (BASES) Volume One: Sport Testing. Oxon:Routledge. Winter, E.M. et al (2007) Sport & Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines (BASES) Volume Two: Exercise & Clinical Testing. Oxon:Routledge 31 APPLIED SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY (Level H) Optional 15 Credits Dr. Carla Meijen Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS546 Autumn This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% Written Report Lectures – 22 hours per annum (approximately) Module Details: The module aims to provide students with more advanced knowledge and understanding of human responses and adaptations to sport and exercise environments. Using a psychological approach, students are offered the forum for discussion and understanding of cognitions, affect and behaviour and the complex interactions between these in the various scenarios that present within a sport or exercise setting. A key module aim is to provide an understanding of the psychological approaches within real ‘applied’ situations within sport and exercise settings Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Understand attitude formation and beliefs about sport psychology 2. Understand psychological theory used to explain performance excellence in sport. 3. Understand behavioural observations for performance in sport and exercise. 4. Be able to explain the effects of environmental and personal dispositional variables on behaviour in a variety of sporting situations. 5. Write a critical in depth applied report. Preliminary Reading: Andersen, M.B. (2000). Doing sport psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Biddle, S.J.H., & Mutrie, N. (2008). Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being and interventions. London: Routledge. Buckworth, J. & Dishman, R.K. (2002). Exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Williams, J.M. (2010). Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance. New York: McGraw-Hill. 32 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN SPORT AND EXERCISE NUTRITION (Level H) optional 15 Credits Dr. Glen Davison Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS565 Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% coursework Lectures – 11 hours per annum; Seminars – 10 hours (approximately) Module Details: This is a module which investigates the latest cutting edge research in sports nutrition. Students will study nutritional ergogenic aids and nutritional strategies suggested to improve performance. Students will conduct practical sessions in order to test some of the theories and strategies studied. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. To have a critical understanding of current research issues in sports nutrition 2. To have critical awareness of eating strategies, and use of ergogenic aids by athletes in different sports in order to enhance performance 3. To discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of different methods of inquiry in sports nutrition Preliminary Reading: Jeukendrup, A & Gleeson, M. Sport Nutrition.An Introduction to Energy Production and Performance. Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics (1st Edition was published in 2004, 2nd Edition 2007: either is suitable) 33 EXERCISE FOR SPECIAL POPULATIONS (Level I) 15 Credits Dr Steve Meadows Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS527 Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% written examination Lectures – 11 hours per annum; Seminars – 11 hours per annum (approximately) Module Details: The topic areas covered in this module build upon the knowledge gained in SS348 Introduction to Fitness Testing & SS570 Fitness Training Methods, which covers the fundamental aspects of exercise testing and prescription. Special populations are those groups of individuals that may need some adaptation or modification to an exercise prescription or programme, to take into consideration a limitation, whether that be physiological, biological or psychosocial. The emphasis is on promoting health, fitness and safety in exercise, as well as some consideration being given to performance environments. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. Evaluate the role of exercise / physical activity for special population groups. 2. Explain appropriate adaptation of exercise / physical activity for special population groups. 3. Recommend appropriate exercise / physical activity for special population groups. Preliminary Reading: Howley, E.T. & Thompson, D.L. (2012) Fitness Professional’s Handbook, 6th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. Kenney, W.L., Wilmore, J.H. & Costill, D.L. (2012) Physiology of Sport & Exercise, 5th ed. Illinois: Human Kinetics. Pescatello, L.S. (Ed.) (2014) ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing & Prescription, (9th ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 34 Research Study in Sport Sciences (Level H) 45 Credits Dr Mark Burnley Availability Method of Assessment: Contact Hours: MODULE SS566 Autumn & Spring This module is taught at the Medway campus only 100% coursework (15% Presentation and 85% Dissertation) Contact hours - 7 hours per annum (approximately) Module Details: This module will involve the design and implementation of research activities and will culminate in the production of a formally presented academic piece of work. The nature of the written project will vary depending on the area and purpose of the study, however, it aims to allow the students the opportunity to develop and demonstrate their research and literary skills through the in-depth investigation of an area of personal academic interest. It will provide the opportunity for you to bring together, and further, concepts, skills, and techniques developed in your previous modules. Summary Intended Learning Outcomes: 1. To identify an appropriate research topic that makes a relevant contribution to the students programme of study. 2. Demonstrate a critical understanding of the theories and concepts underpinning the chosen area of study. 3. Select the most appropriate research methods, and produce an individual research study that is presented in the appropriate way Preliminary Reading: Glatthorn, A. A. & Joyner, R. L (2005) Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation: A Step by Step Guide. 2nd Edition. Corwin Press: London Gratton, C. & Jones, I (2003) Research Methods for Sport Studies. London: Routledge This course programme may be subject to amendment at the discretion of the University of Kent at Medway. UoK has the right to change the courses and specifications. 35 4.2 Teaching Weeks 2015/16 Induction Week Week1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 AUTUMN TERM 2015 Monday 21 September Monday 28 September Term Starts Monday 5 October Monday 12 October Monday 19 October Monday 26 October Employability Week Monday 2 November Monday 9 November Monday 16 November Monday 23 November Monday 30 November Monday 7 December Monday 14 December End of Term – Friday 18 December Week13 Week 14 Week 15 Week 16 Week 17 Week 18 Week 19 Week 20 Week 21 Week 22 Week 23 Week 24 SPRING TERM 2016 Monday 18 January Term Starts Monday 25 January Monday 1 February Monday 8 February Monday 15 February Skills Enhancement Week Monday 22 February Monday 29 February Monday 1 March Monday 14 March Monday 21 March Monday 28 March Monday 4 April End of Term – Thursday 8 April Week 25 Week 26 Week 27 Week 28 Week 29 Week 30 SUMMER TERM 2016 Monday 9 May Monday 16 May Monday 23 May Monday 30 May Monday 6 June Monday 13 June End of Term – Friday 17 June Please note the university is closed on these dates. Good Friday – 25 March 2016 Easter Monday – 28 March 2016 May Day – 2 May 2016 Spring Bank Holiday – 30 May 2016 36 4.3 The Credit Framework Introduction The University uses a `credit framework' for all of its taught programmes of study, similar to the credit systems adopted by many other universities in the UK. This is intended to make it easier for students to obtain exemption from part of a University of Kent programme on the basis of study elsewhere and similarly for students to transfer credit obtained at this University to another university or college. This section of the Handbook aims to explain those aspects of the credit framework, which will be of interest to you. However, it should be regarded as an informal guide only. The full credit framework regulations may be found on the University web site at http://www.kent.ac.uk/teaching/qa/credit-framework/index.html. Outline of the Credit Framework In order to be eligible for the award of a certificate, diploma or degree by the University, you must take an approved programme of study, obtain a specified number of credits, the number required depending on the award in question, and meet such other requirements as may be specified for the programme of study in question. Each programme of study comprises a number of modules, usually at different levels and each worth a specified number of credits. In order to be awarded the credits for a module, you must normally demonstrate, via assessment, that you have achieved the learning outcomes specified for the module. Limited credit may also be awarded where assessment has been affected by illness (condonement) or where you have demonstrated in other modules that all programme learning outcomes have been achieved (compensation). Most programmes of study are divided into stages, usually equivalent to one year of full time study. You must satisfy prescribed requirements for each stage of a programme before being permitted to proceed to the next stage. Many programmes of study lead to 'classified' awards. For example, undergraduate Honours degrees are awarded with First Class, Upper Second Class, Lower Second Class or Third Class Honours, and Certificates may be awarded with Merit or with Distinction. Example: a student taking a three year full time undergraduate honours degree programme is required to obtain a total of 360 credits of which at least 90 must be at level 'H' or above (Stage 3 modules are normally at level 'H') and at most 150 may be at level 'C' (Stage 1 modules are normally at level 'C'). Many three-year full time honours degree programmes comprise 120 level C credits in Stage 1, 120 level I/H credits in Stage 2 and 120 level H credits in Stage 3. 37 Programmes of Study Each programme of study comprises an approved set or sets of modules and is divided into a number of stages. Each module is at a specified level and successful completion of the module results in the award of a specified number of credits at that level. The University defines these terms as follows: Credits: one credit corresponds to approximately ten hours of 'learning time' (ie including all taught or supervised classes and all private study and research). Thus obtaining 120 credits in an academic year of 30 weeks requires approximately 1200 hours of learning time, equivalent to approximately 40 hours per week. Module: a module is a self-contained component of a programme or programmes of study with defined learning outcomes, teaching and learning methods and assessment requirements. Each module normally corresponds to a multiple of 15 credits ie to 15, 30, 45... credits, though the Faculty may approve exceptions where it is satisfied that there is good reason to do so. Level: each module is at one of the following levels: F Foundation C Certificate I Intermediate H Honours M Masters D Doctoral The level descriptors adopted by the University for these levels may be found in Annex 2 of the Credit Framework Regulations. Where modules at different levels have the same or similar curriculum, they may share some or all of their teaching but will have different learning outcomes and assessment. Stage: Most programmes of study are divided into a number of stages and you must achieve specified requirements in each stage except the final stage before being permitted to progress to the next stage. For undergraduate honours degree programmes, a stage will consist of modules amounting to 120 credits. Awards: In order to be eligible for the award of a certificate, diploma or degree by the University, you must obtain at least the minimum number of credits specified for that award at the specified levels. These requirements are set out in Annex 4 of the credit framework regulations. Individual programmes or groups of programmes will normally specify additional requirements, which must be met for the award of the qualification in the subject concerned, for example by requiring specified modules to be taken and passed. 38 Award of Credits Credits are worth 15, 30 or 45 credits. You must ensure you are registered for modules amounting to the correct credits in each year of study. Successful Completion of Module: If you demonstrate via assessment that you have achieved the specified learning outcomes for a module you will be awarded the number and level of credits prescribed for the module. Assessment methods vary between modules and are designed to demonstrate achievement of learning outcomes. Module specifications will state whether the pass mark has to be achieved in all elements of assessment or in prescribed elements only. In certain modules, assessment will be on a Pass/Fail basis and numerical marks will not be awarded. In all other cases, the pass mark will be 40% for all modules at level F, C, I or H. Condonement If you fail a module or modules due to illness or other mitigating circumstances, the Board of Examiners may “condone” the failure and award credits for the module(s), up to a limit of 25% of each stage of a programme of study, provided that there is evidence to show that you have achieved the programme learning outcomes and provided that you have submitted written medical or other evidence to substantiate any claim of illness or other mitigating circumstances. The marks achieved for such modules will not be adjusted to take account of the mitigating circumstances. Transcripts will indicate modules for which credits have been awarded on the basis of condonement. Programme specifications specify modules in which failure cannot be condoned. Compensation If you fail a module or modules but your marks for such modules are within 10 percentage points of the pass mark, i.e. a final mark of at least 30% the Board of Examiners may award you the credits for the module(s), up to a limit of 25% of each stage of a programme of study, provided that your average mark for the stage is 40% or above and provided that there is evidence to show that programme learning outcomes have been achieved. The marks achieved for such modules will not be adjusted. Transcripts will indicate modules for which credits have been awarded on the basis of compensation. Programme specifications specify modules in which failure cannot be compensated. Application of the Condonement, Compensation and Trailing Provisions The provision for condonement or compensation of failure, or for the trailing and retrieving of credit can only be applied to students who failed modules amounting to 25% or less of the credit available for the stage. Progression When you have completed a stage of a programme of study other than the final stage, the appropriate Board of Examiners will decide whether 39 you may progress to the next stage of the programme of study, or to another programme of study. The normal requirement for progression from one stage of a programme of study to the next is that you should have obtained at least 75% of the credits for the stage and should have obtained credits for those modules which the programme specification indicates must be obtained before progression is permitted. Referral If you are not permitted to progress to the next stage of a programme, the Board of Examiners may permit you to undertake further assessment in failed modules. The Board of Examiners will specify which elements of assessment you are required to retake/resit. If you are so referred in a module you may be required to, or may elect to, repeat the module, before progressing to the next stage of the programme, provided that it is being taught in the year in question, or you may choose to take a different module provided that the requirements of the programme of study are met. At most two such opportunities per module will be permitted, the first of these to be automatically permitted unless denied for disciplinary reasons and normally available during the long vacation following the initial failure. Trailing and Retrieving Credit If you are permitted to progress to the next stage of a programme but have not been awarded full credit for the previous stage, you will need to obtain credits for modules for which you have not been awarded credit in order to meet requirements for the award of the certificate, diploma or degree for which you are registered. You will be permitted to `retrieve' such credits, up to a maximum of 25% of the credits for the stage, in one of two ways as follows: by undertaking further assessment, for example a re-sit examination, before the start of the next academic year. If you are permitted to retrieve credit in this way you may elect to repeat the module, provided that it is being taught in the year in question, or you may choose to take a different module, provided that the requirements of the programme of study are still met. by progressing to the next stage of the programme and simultaneously undertaking such further requirements as the Board of Examiners specifies in relation to the failed modules. This is known as trailing credit. Where credit is trailed, the Board of Examiners may permit : to repeat the failed module(s) provided they are available and the timetable permits, or to take an alternative module as permitted by the programme specifications, or to undertake satisfactory assessment specified by the Board for the award of the credits in question. 40 If you trail credit in this way and again fail to obtain the credits, the credit may not be trailed to the next stage of the programme eg you will not be permitted to progress to stage 3 of a programme unless you have obtained all stage 1 credits and met the minimum progression requirements in stage 2. Deferral If you have been unable to complete assessment requirements or your performance has been affected by circumstances such as illness, and where there is written evidence to support this, the Board of Examiners may permit you to undertake some or all of the assessment for some or all of the modules comprising the stage at a later date and as for the first time. If you have met requirements for progression to the next stage of the programme, you may be permitted to `trail' the deferred assessment ie to proceed to the next stage and simultaneously undertake the deferred assessment as for the first time. Award and Classification of Qualifications Certificates and diplomas may be awarded `with Merit' and `with Distinction' and Honours degrees are awarded with First, Upper Second, Lower Second or Third class Honours. Full details of the requirements for these awards may be found in the credit framework regulations at http://www.kent.ac.uk/teaching/qa/credit-framework/index.html. 29 4.4 Assessment Conventions for Stage 1 The means by which each module is assessed is indicated in the module outlines. In order to progress to Stage 2 you must be awarded 120 credits in Stage 1. The ‘Credit Framework’ section (section 1 of this handbook) describes in detail what you must achieve in order to be awarded credit, including arrangements for compensation, condonement, referral, deferral and trailing. (a) In Stage 1 the award of Merit and Distinction will be available and will be based on both the ‘average’ and the ‘preponderance’ methods. (b) ‘Average’ Method of Classification ‘with Merit’: an average mark of 60 or above but less than 70. ‘with Distinction’: an average mark of 70 or above. (c) ‘Preponderance’ Method of Classification ‘with Merit’: an average mark over all contributing modules of 57 or above and a mark of 60 or above for 55% or more of the credits obtained ‘with Distinction’: 41 an average mark over all contributing modules of 65 or above and a mark of 70 or above for 50% or more of the credits obtained 4.5 (d) ‘Average’ and ‘Preponderance’ Methods of Classification In the event of a difference in the classification derived for a particular student, the higher of the two classifications will be awarded. (e) Stage 1 results do not contribute to final degree classifications. Assessment Conventions for Stages 2 & 3 This is a summary of the assessment conventions for classifying degrees in the Faculty:- a) Degrees are classified on the basis of both the ‘average’ and ‘preponderance’ methods of classification; in the event of a difference in the classification derived, the higher of the two classes will be awarded. b) ‘Average’ Method of Classification A candidate who has met the requirements for the award of an Honours degree will be placed in an Honours class based on the average mark, with modules weighted as agreed by the Faculty Board and calculated to one decimal place, over all modules in stages 2, 3 and, where relevant, 4 of the programme of study according to the following table: First Class Honours Upper Second Class Honours Lower Second Class Honours Third Class Honours c) 70 and above 60-69.9 50-59.9 Below 50 Preponderance’ Method of Classification A candidate who has met the requirements for award of an Honours degree will be placed in an Honours class on the attainment of at least the following number of credits in that class or above AND at least the following average mark over the examination as a whole: 42 For degrees with 360 contributing Credits:Class Number of Average mark Credits in class or over all above contributing modules First Class 180 65 Upper Second 195 57 Class Lower Second 225 48 Class Third Class 360* Not applicable For degrees/students with contributing Credits other than above:Class % of Credits in class or above First Class Upper Second Class Lower Second Class Third Class * 50% Average mark over all contributing modules 65 55% 57 62.5 48 100% Not applicable where credits have been awarded via compensation or condonement for a module mark of less than 40 the credits should be treated as being in the Third Class category. d) Diplomas are classified on the basis of both the average and the preponderance methods of classification; in the event of a difference in classification derived, the higher of the two classifications will be awarded. e) Average’ Method of Classification ‘with Merit’ ‘with Distinction’ f) an average mark of 60 or above but less than 70 an average mark of 70 or above Preponderance’ Method of Classification 43 ‘with Merit’ an average mark over all contributing modules of 57 or above and a mark of 60 or above for 55% or more of the Credits obtained ‘with Distinction’ an average mark over all contributing modules of 65 or above and a mark of 70 or above for 50% or more of the credits obtained Categorical Marking Scale The University is encouraging the use of a categorical marking scale. The categorical marking scale contains a fixed number of percentage points in each class band which might be assigned by a marker for a piece of assessed work. Use of the scale is intended to encourage markers to make firm decisions about assessed work in relation to which class band it most appropriately belongs. It is also hoped that it will encourage markers to use the full range of the marking scale, particularly in the first class band. The scale chosen for use at Kent is set out below: Classification Numerical Scale 100 95 85 78 75 72 68 65 62 58 55 52 48 45 42 38 35 32 20 10 0 First Class Upper Second Class Lower Second Class Third Class Fail Not all assessments will use the new categorical marking scale as they may not be appropriate e.g. practical assessments/labs. The assignment remit should clearly identify the marking scale used for that particular assignment. If you are unsure please contact the module convenor. 44 4.6 Choosing Your Modules Modules take place during one or both of the two terms: Autumn term - 28 September 2015 – 18 December 2015 Spring term - 18 January 2016 – 8 April 2016 To choose your modules, refer to Section II (Programme Requirements). 120 credits must be taken – 60 credits in each of Autumn and Spring terms. ‘Required’ modules - you must take and, in general, pass these before you can enter Stage 2 of your programme. Once you have registered as a student you will be able to check your module registration via the Student Data System on the web through the student guide pages at http://www.kent.ac.uk/student/ Minimum Undergraduate Module Size It is possible that modules attracting fewer than 8 students will be withdrawn. In this event, you will be allocated to another choice. 4.7 Information about Lectures / Seminars & Your Timetable ATTENDANCE AT LECTURES, SEMINARS AND SUPERVISIONS You should note that attendance at lectures, seminars and supervisions, and the submission of written work, are obligatory. Failure to fulfil these obligations could, in extreme cases, result in your being required to withdraw from the university (see Paragraph 5.2 of the Regulations for Taught Programmes of Study). Information regarding the Teaching Timetable can be found on the University website at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/ettoffice/ Personal Timetable Your personal timetable is available http://www.kent.ac.uk/student/ If you discover you have a clash on your timetable, or are not registered for the correct number of credits, please e-mail Dr Lex Mauger, Director of Studies for BSc (Hons) Sport and Exercise Science at l.mauger@kent.ac.uk. 45 PLEASE ENSURE THAT YOU ARE REGISTERED FOR MODULES AMOUNTING TO 120 CREDITS. Normal teaching hours are 9.00 a.m. - 6.00 p.m. on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday and 9.00 a.m. -1.00 p.m. on Wednesday. You should however note that it is on occasion necessary for teaching to take place on Wednesday afternoon or from 6.00 - 7.00 p.m. on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday or Friday. In addition, you will have one seminar per week in most of your modules. We will make every effort to fit in your chosen modules. However, we may sometimes have to restrict your choice because it is not possible to timetable the lectures and seminars for your chosen set of modules. Changes of module after registration may be restricted by the arranged seminar and lecture timetable, which cannot be altered. 4.8 Coursework and Examinations For information about your examinations, please see the Exams Office website, at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/studentrecords/exams/students/index.html Most modules are examined by a two or three-hour written paper - see the module outlines for variations. Referrals (resit examinations and coursework) take place in August, which give a second chance of qualifying for entry into Stage 2. You should note that a student receiving a formal warning relating to attendance at seminars and progress in written work referred to above, may not be offered an opportunity to re-sit and may be required to withdraw. If you have any queries about the examinations you should refer initially to your tutor or to your supervisor if the questions relate to a specific module. It is important that all students sitting examinations are familiar with the instructions for candidates. These are available to view on the Examinations Office web site at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/studentrecords/exams/students/index.html. Registration for Examination All students, including those who will not be taking any examination, are required to confirm that they have been correctly entered for end of year examinations. Examination entry forms are web based and can be accessed via the Student Portal at http://www.kent.ac.uk/student/studying/index.html If you do not check your examination entry form you risk finding that you are scheduled to take two examinations at the same time. The Examination Room It is important that all students sitting examinations are familiar with the 46 instructions for candidates. These are available to view on the Examinations Office website at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/studentrecords/exams/students/index.html Candidates must display their ID card throughout the examinations. Candidates may not leave an examination room during the first 30 minutes of a session. Candidates may enter an examination room at any time during a session. However, when a candidate enters an examination room more than 30 minutes after the start of the session, the relevant Board of Examiners shall have discretion to decide whether and how marks awarded in such circumstances are to be used. Candidates who enter an examination room after the start of a session will not as a result be granted additional time for the examination. The use of dictionaries in the examination room is prohibited. However, departments will ensure that an appropriate member of staff is present for the first fifteen minutes of an examination to answer questions from students. Non-native speakers of English in particular should read question papers carefully and ask about the meaning of words with which they are not familiar during this time. Concessions and Appeals Procedures- Please note this is currently under review with the School of Sport and Exercise Science. If you are ill before or during examinations or suffer from other factors impairing examination or coursework performance, you may make written representations to be placed before the Board of Examiners. The Regulations for Taught Programmes, state that concessions documentation should be submitted within five days of the event to which the concessions applies, to the student support officer, Medway Building Room M1-03. Full details are available at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/fso/appeals/index.html. For information about coursework requirements and submission dates, please contact the module convenor. Appeals Procedures Appeals procedures can be found as an annex to the credit framework assessment conventions at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/fso/appeals/index.html Appeals must be submitted using a form available at http://www.kent.ac.uk/fso/appeals/index.html. 47 4.9 Seminars and Supervisions You are required to attend all seminars and supervisions in all the modules for which you register. If you are reported as not attending, you may face disciplinary proceedings, which may lead to the termination of your registration at the University. A register of attendance will be maintained at all seminars, and individual student attendance is monitored by the Departmental Senior Tutor. Seminar Presentation Code of Practice: Please note that: i) ii) Students are entitled to have the opportunity to have verbal feedback from their seminar leaders on their seminar presentations. That students, on an individual basis, are entitled to have verbal feedback from their seminar leaders on their overall seminar contributions. Seminar Presentations The aim is to have an informed and interesting discussion. It is an opportunity for students to discuss the themes and issues of the course. It is important that all students should prepare for the seminars by reading and thinking about the issues to be discussed. All students will be expected to make some contribution to the discussion. SEMINAR PAPERS – points to remember: (a) Answer the question set. Do not make up your own question but answer the one given. (b) It is important to have a logical structure to your discussion. It is useful to outline your argument and structure at the beginning. (c) Do not be afraid to give your opinion as long as it is backed up by arguments and evidence. Do produce a strong conclusion. The idea of a seminar presentation is to stimulate discussion and interest in the subject. (d) Analysis not description is required. You do not have to say everything on the subject. Keep to the most important and relevant points and issues. (e) Handouts may be useful to emphasise the key points that you are making. 48 (f) Do not read out page after page of an essay. Use bullet points, have brief notes and try to discuss the points. Look at the audience, do not rush through without glancing up at other students. Try to make the presentation interesting and stimulating. (g) Inform the rest of the group about the books and articles you found most useful in preparing your seminar paper. (h) Produce some questions or issues, which you think the class could usefully discuss. Give a lead in the discussion. Do not think that as soon as you have finished your paper you have finished. (i) The length of the seminar presentation will be identified by the subject lecturer at the time of setting the seminar topic or title. Please ask the subject lecturer or seminar leader if you have any problems. (j) You should use as wide a variety of sources as possible. You must put points in your own words rather than copying out books and articles. If you quote or use material to inform your presentation you should state the source you have used. Student Progress Seminar leaders and module convenors are expected to draw to the attention of tutors and/or the School Senior Tutor, the situation of students who have academic difficulties. In the first instance a seminar leader/module convenor will inform the tutor when a student is not attending seminars or performing inadequately. The tutor will check if this is the situation on other modules and subsequently discuss the problem with the student. It must be made clear to students that attendance at seminars is compulsory and that future absences will be reported to the School Senior Tutor. The tutor may give advice to the student on academic problems and/or may refer the student to the Student Learning Advisory Service, the English Language Unit or other sources of advice or support on academic matters. If the nonattendance or academic problem persists the School Senior Tutor will be informed. 49 4.10 Assessment Arrangements Submission of Assessed Assignments Checking of draft work is negotiated with members of staff. It is usual that staff will read through a draft piece of work, or discuss themes / topics covered in a piece of work. Written work will not be proofed read by lecturing staff. All assessed assignments must be submitted by the deadlines given by the lecturer concerned. It is the responsibility of the students to make sure that he/she knows when work is due to be submitted. Assignments must be submitted to the Student Administration Office, Gillingham building and a date-stamped receipt obtained. Students must submit ONE copy of their work for assessment and must include a Module FEEDBACK FORM with their assignment (see section 5.1). Some assigments will be required to be submitted electronically as advised by the module convenor. Extensions: Extensions will only be granted in exceptional circumstances e.g. illness. Students wishing to obtain an extension must submit the completed form to the Student Support Office (Michaela Fullman room M1-03) ONE WEEK before the work is due to be submitted. A medical certificate will be required if the reason for requesting an extension is illness. EMERGENCY EXTENSIONS (those under a week before the deadline) will only be granted in emergencies e.g. admission to hospital or accidents. Extension forms can be obtained from the Student Support Officer, Michaela Fullman, in room M1-03 These rules are designed to ensure that all students are treated fairly. If you are unsure about them please consult the School Senior Tutor (Dr Steve Meadows room M1-27) or the School Administration Manager (Richard Millns room M2-32). 4.11 Student Data System The University has an on-line Student Data System (SDS). It gives you on-line access to the following information: Your lecture and class timetable; Coursework Details: includes assessment deadlines, weightings and other related information; 50 Your marks: you are able to view your coursework marks as they are entered into the system throughout the year. Examination marks will be available at the end of the academic year once they have been confirmed by Boards of Examiners; The modules for which you are registered; The records of your attendance at compulsory classes; Your end of Stage result. In your final year of study, you will be able to register for your congregation ceremony. The system also allows you to view and notify changes to some of your personal details as held by the University. In addition you can verify your current mobile phone number and sign up for text alerts from the University. The system has a number of facilities to enable you to register on-line: 4.12 Returning registration at the start of a new academic year; Confirmation of examinations and assessment in the Spring Term; Optional modules registration; You can sign up for study skills workshops throughout the academic year. Course Monitoring The course will be monitored through the deliberations of the Board of Studies each term, external examiners, examination boards and review procedures of the University itself. Role and composition of the Board of Studies Composition Director of Studies (Chair) Module Convenors Academic Advisors All staff teaching on the course Student Representative (Two from each year) Library Representative Quality Assurance Representative Role The Board of studies will meet at least twice in any academic year and will oversee all operational matters concerning the course. It is responsible for course organisation and its academic content and standards. 51 The Board of studies will consider the reports of external examiners and the Director of Studies will take action on any issues arising from the reports. In consultation with the Board of studies, the Director of Study will prepare the annual course report which will include – external examiners reports and action taken; statistical information (enrolment, retention, performance figures); student views; staff development and staff development needs; review of progress of course over year and action plan for forthcoming year. Staff / Student Liaison Committee This meeting is attended by all staff and the student representatives for each year. This committee meets a minimum of once a term and reports to the Board of Studies 4.13 Course Evaluation The students will be given a Module Evaluation Questionnaire on completion of each module. This questionnaire will enable students to comment in detail on the effectiveness of each module in fulfilling its aims and objectives. The module convenor will write a report on the results of the Student Evaluation Questionnaires, which will be utilised by the Director of Studies as part of the programme’s annual monitoring report. The Board of studies will make recommendations, which will be incorporated into the Action Plan for the forthcoming year. 4.14 Teaching and Learning Strategy In general, the degree will be taught by lectures, seminars and tutorials. The main principles, theories and methodologies of the individual units will be presented in a structured form in lectures. Handouts and journal articles will be used to enable students to develop their understanding of the key principles of each module and to discuss issues and controversies in depth. Seminars may take a variety of forms. Individual or group student presentation of a seminar paper followed by student discussion based on prior reading will be the main method used. Case studies, workshops, role-plays, simulations and use of video material to stimulate the discussion may also be employed. The emphasis of the seminar will be student-centred discussion and analysis to enable students to gain confidence in presenting and discussing their ideas. The seminars will enable the students to develop their critical skills and presentational techniques. 52 Assignments will take the form of essays, observed practical sessions, presentations, case studies, reports and portfolio evidence. Other assignment methods will be used where appropriate. Students will be encouraged to use information technology and open access workshops will be available to enable them to develop these skills. Academic tutorials will be available for students to discuss their assignments and receive feedback on their performance. For the Dissertation in the final year of the degree, each student will be given an academic supervisor who will be available to discuss the student’s progress. Guidelines to assist students with the writing of their dissertation form part of the dissertation module pack. 4.15 Information Technology, e-learning and Moodle Students will be expected to use the University’s Information Technology facilities throughout the course. Students will be expected to use relevant packages to research, retrieve, analyse and present data in their Dissertation. Packages should be used to analyse statistical data, where appropriate. A majority of assessed work should be word-processed (refer to the individual module packs for assessment requirements). Software packages will be used throughout the course and throughout the degree. e-Learning and Moodle The University Virtual Learning Environment, known as ‘Moodle@Kent’, is available to all students using their normal Kent login. It can be accessed via the student guide pages at http://www.kent.ac.uk/student/. Online training guides for Moodle and general information regarding elearning are available from the ‘Student Support’ section of the elearning website: http://www.kent.ac.uk/elearning/files/moodle/gettingstarted-with-moodle.pdf Any technical problems with your Moodle modules should be directed to the IS helpdesk at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/itservices/help/. Information on how the Moodle module will be used on your course will be given to you by your lecturer at the start of term. 4.16 Tutorials If you are a new student to the programme, you will be required to meet with your assigned Academic Advisor at least once in your first term. Academic advisor lists will be published on the student notice board early in the autumn term. Please ensure you know who your 53 Academic Advisor contacted. is and their office hours when they can be You will remain with your Academic Advisor throughout the duration of your studies. It is recommended you meet to discuss your progress and any other academic matters at least twice per academic year. 4.17 Complaints Procedure As a student you are entitled to receive competent teaching on all modules you take. But it does occasionally happen that there are serious grounds for dissatisfaction, which can be dealt with only by someone other than the teacher(s) concerned. The Convenor of a module is the person who will normally consider any complaint. In many cases you will be able to sort out any problems on the spot by talking them through with the Convenor or teacher(s) of the module. You may, however, if you wish, take a complaint in the first instance to your Academic Advisor, the School Senior Tutor or the Head of your School. If you, as an individual or as a group of students, feel that the basic requirements of good teaching are not being met, or that there are other issues to do with a module or its teacher(s) which you feel give grounds for complaint, you should raise the matter immediately. You may want to talk first to your Academic Advisor or your student representative, and ask him or her to convey the complaint to the Convenor or Head of School. If there are grounds for complaint, you may wish, at the end of the module, to make a case that the inadequacies of the teaching have affected your performance. It is important that you should have raised any complaint you may have about a module or about a teacher immediately it becomes a matter of concern to you. At the end of the module you will be asked to complete a questionnaire about the teaching and structure of the module. This enables your teachers to pick up any suggestions for improvement in future years. 4.18 Internal Mail / Electronic Mail / Web Please note that you are responsible for collecting University communications via your internal mail, via e-mail and on the web. It is your responsibility to check all these areas regularly and failure to collect such mail will not be accepted as an extenuating circumstance in any subsequent disciplinary procedures. For all information go to the Student Guide: http://www.kent.ac.uk/student. 54 Other information is available on the web including the Examinations Timetable, Hardship Grants, Computing Service, Library, E-mail addresses and your Department’s website. Nearer the time of the Examinations, information on the examination timetable, publication of results, marking procedure will be on the web. 4.19 Intermission, Withdrawal, Transfer of Faculty If you wish to withdraw from the University, or to transfer to another Faculty, you should consult your Academic Advisor in the first instance (where appointed) and then arrange to discuss the matter with the School Senior Tutor, or the Admissions Tutor for the School you wish to transfer to. Intermission People take time out from their degree (known as intermitting) for a variety of reasons, mainly personal, but sometimes academic or financial. If you feel you need some time out, go and see your Academic Advisor, your Senior Tutor or the University Counselling Service. Intermitting does not change the duration of your degree it just gives you the opportunity to take some time away from University should you need to. The University does not encourage people to take longer than normal to complete their studies but is willing to discuss this with you. Whatever is decided you will need to speak to your funding body to ensure that any funding you receive is not affected by intermission. Intermission is normally given for a complete academic year, or occasionally part of an academic year. Your School Senior Tutor will ultimately be responsible for authorising your period of intermission. However, no intermission will be granted after the end of student examination registration ie end of Week 15. Possible reasons for leave to intermit are: 1. Personal Grounds: Family or personal reasons (other than illness) prevent you from continuing your studies 2. Financial Grounds: Where your financial situation prevents you from continuing your studies. 3. Medical Grounds: (a) Absence from the University due to medical or emotional reasons, or other such extenuating circumstances. (b) Illness or extenuating circumstances, which are having a negative impact on your studies. (c) Illness or extenuating circumstances that have interrupted your studies 55 When the reason for intermitting is medical, then your School Senior Tutor will request medical evidence. They will not ask for supervision reports. Before you return from intermission, you will be required to provide another medical certificate to testify that you are fit to return to your studies. 4.20 A few things to remember: Intermitting does not change the number of terms you will spend at the University, or your examination results. Intermitting is intended to relieve you of a disadvantage, not put you at an advantage to other students. If you intermit within 4 weeks of the start of full term (and you are privately funded) then you will be entitled to full return of your university fees for that term and for the remainder of the academic year. If you are LEA funded then 1 December is the cut-off date. If you subsequently want to change the period for which you have been permitted to intermit, you must seek approval from your School Senior Tutor. If you have to go out of residence quickly for medical reasons, make sure you are seen by a doctor at the time so they can give you a medical certificate that reflects the severity of your condition. Make sure that your LEA is informed if you intermit Student Learning Advisory Service This Service is part of the Unit for the Enhancement of Learning and Teaching. The Service provides information and advice for students from all faculties and colleges who are interested in strengthening their study skills or who wish to discuss a specific study problem. This is provided in addition to the subject-based support available within Schools. Topics explored include time management, essay and report writing, effective reading and note-taking, revision and exam techniques, organisational skills and issues such as motivation and concentration. Resources include books, videos, audio tapes, leaflets on a wide range of themes, including on-line advice pages; friendly, impartial advice in a relaxed environment and a series of ‘workshops’ on study techniques (watch out for publicity at the beginning of each term). Everyone is welcome. Whether you want help in organising your workload as a new student, or advice on planning your first research project, the Student Learning Advisory Service has information to offer and ideas to share. For further information, get in touch: 56 Located in Room GO-09, Gillingham Building Telephone 01634 888884 Email learningmedway@kent.ac.uk for any issues related to student learning and support. Academic Integrity -http://www.kent.ac.uk/ai/ Assignment Survival Kit http://www.kent.ac.uk/uelt/ai/ask/index.php Of the many books on study techniques that are available, you may wish to buy or borrow one or more of the following to help you off to a good start: Creme, P. & Lea, M. (2003) Writing at University, a Guide for Students. (2nd Ed.) Buckingham: Open University Cottrell, S. (2003) The Study Skills Handbook. (2nd Ed.) Basingstoke: Palgrave Greetham, B. (2001) How to Write Better Essays. Basingstoke: Palgrave Northedge, A. (1990) The Good Study Guide. Milton Keynes: Open University Peck, J. & Coyle, M. (1999) The Student's Guide to Writing, Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling. London: Macmillan Tracy, E. (2006) The Student's Guide to Exam Success. (2nd Ed.) Buckingham: Open University. Others held in the Drill Hall Library Cottrell, S. (2003) Skills for success: the personal development planning handbook. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Currie, D. (2005) Developing and applying study skills : writing assignments, dissertations and management reports. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Gillham, B. ( 2005) Research interviewing: the range of techniques. Maidenhead: Open University Hunt, A. (2005) Your research project: how to manage it. London: Routledge 57 Kumar, R. (2005) Research methodology: a step-by-step guide for beginners. (2nd Ed.) London: Sage Levin, P. (2004) Write great essays: reading and essay writing for undergraduates and taught postgraduates. Maidenhead: Open University Levin, P. (2005) Excellent dissertations!. Maidenhead: Open University Moore, N. (2000) How to do research: the complete guide to designing and managing research projects. (3rd Ed.) London: Facet Redman, P. (2006) Good essay writing: a social sciences guide. (3rd Ed.) London: Sage Rumsey, S. (2004) How to find information: a guide for researchers. Maidenhead: Open University Sharp, J.A. et al. (2002) The management of a student research project. (3rd Ed.) Aldershot: Gower 4.21 Diploma Supplement What is the Diploma Supplement? The Diploma Supplement was developed to provide students with a document that will be attached to a higher education diploma and improve international recognition of academic and professional qualifications (diplomas, degrees, certificates etc). The supplement provides a description of the nature, level, context, content and status of the studies a student pursued and successfully completed. From 2003/4, all graduating students of the University of Kent will receive a Diploma Supplement. Why is the Diploma Supplement required? Countries are constantly updating their qualification systems to encompass new qualifications that arise as a result of technological, political and economic changes. With people now taking greater advantage of work and study opportunities abroad, the need for a means of providing recognition of qualifications has become essential. As a result, further information about the level and function of a qualification is required to provide transparency. The Diploma supplement aims to meet these demands by: Promoting transparency within Higher Education Taking into account changes in qualifications Aiding mobility and access to further study and employment abroad 58 Providing fair and informed information relating to qualifications What information does the Diploma Supplement contain? The Diploma supplement comprises eight sections. 1. Identification of the qualification holder: Name, date of birth, student institution identification number/code. 2. Identification of the qualification and its originating institution: Name of qualification, name and type of awarding institution, language(s) of instruction and examination. 3. Information on the level of qualifications: Level of qualification, access requirements, main fields of study for the qualification. 4. Information on the contents and results obtained: Mode of study, normal length of programme, programme requirements, courses/modules/units studied, individual grades obtained, ECTS grade, grading scheme and grade distribution, award classification. 5. Function of the qualification: Qualification title, further study opportunities (e.g. postgraduate), any professional status conferred. 6. Additional Information: Any additional information and further sources as relevant. 7. Certification of the Supplement: Date and signature, official stamp or seal. 8. Information on the National Higher Education system of the country issuing the diploma: Overview of the educational system and awards structure of the awarding country. What does the Diploma Supplement offer to students? The Diploma Supplement aims to provide students with information relating to their programme of study that is both easily understood and comparable abroad. It provides an accurate description of a student's academic curriculum and competencies acquired during the period of study that may be relevant for further study and employment opportunities abroad. Who should I contact if I have any queries? If you have any queries relating to the Diploma Supplement, please contact the Student Records Office 4.22 University Counselling Service The Counselling Service is an integral part of the Welfare Services offered on campus free of charge to part-time and full-time students. Counselling is valuable if you are feeling that your life, at work or at home, has become out of balance in some particular way. For example it may that you are experiencing the aftermath of a bereavement, difficulty in managing change, conflicts in relationships at work or at home, stress or burn out, difficulty with concentration, low self esteem or low self confidence, depression or anxiety, the after effects of childhood trauma or a recent crisis of some kind. It can really help to talk things over with a counsellor. 59 Contact in confidence: Wellbeing Team Room G0-05 Gillingham Building University of Kent Medway Tel. 01634 888875 or 01634 202984 Email: medwaycounselling@kent.ac.uk http://www.kent.ac.uk/counselling The office is open in term time from: Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday, 9.15am-4.30pm. Wednesday, 9.15am-3.00pm. 4.23 ENGLISH Language Unit The English Language unit offers the English Language Development programme for non-native speakers of English registered as students at this University. Extending over two terms, the programme consists of five components: Essay writing, Grammar, Listening / note-taking, discussion and presentation skills and individual writing tutorials. Details at http://www.kent.ac.uk/cewl/courses/in-sessional/index.html. The course aims to help students improve their English language and gives them the chance to discuss specific difficulties. They can attend a total of 2 hours weekly in the autumn and spring terms and will receive guidance as to which of the components will be most useful to meet their particular need. Students with high attendance rates will be awarded a letter of attendance. Booking is essential. Students interested in joining these groups should complete the online application form at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/cewl/courses/in-sessional/ie.html. English Language Unit office hours: Monday - Friday 09.00 - 17.00 telephone: 01227 824401 General enquires : cewl@kent.ac.uk 4.24 Student Support & Wellbeing The service offers support to students with disabilities, specific learning difficulties, mental health difficulties and long-term medical conditions during their time at the University and can assist with the following: applying for funding to pay for specialist equipment (e.g. software programs) and helpers (e.g. note takers); 60 arranging support from specialist staff, according to individual needs; helping you find out if you have dyslexia; talking to your lecturers about particular help you may need in lectures and seminars; discussing any special arrangements you need for exams; contacting other departments about specific assistance you may require. Students who require additional support must make contact with Student Support & Wellbeing and complete the registration form. Contact Details: Student Support & Wellbeing, G0-05, Gillingham Building, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4AG Open Monday-Friday 9.00am – 5.00pm Phone: 01634 888969 Email: medwaystudentservices@kent.ac.uk Website: www.kent.ac.uk/studentsupport 4.25 The Careers Service Nearly half of all the vacancies advertised through the Careers Service are open to graduates in any discipline, while even more careers may open up following a postgraduate vocational course. But, to discover what is available to you and what would suit your skills and interests, you must begin your career planning early. Some Schools have Careers Education Programmes about which you will be informed. Some of the Careers Advisory Service resources which you may find useful at this stage include: Online: Main Univeristy of Kent Careers site www.kent.ac.uk/careers Career Planning Timeline www.kent.ac.uk/careers/timeline.htm Work Experience www.kent.ac.uk/careers/vacwork.htm Choosing a Career www.kent.ac.uk/careers/Choosing/ChoosingCareer.htm “I Want To Work In …” www.kent.ac.uk/careers/workin.htm Employability Skills www.kent.ac.uk/careers/sk/skillsmenu.htm Careers Advisory Service (see http://www.kent.ac.uk/ces/locations/index.html for locations and opening times) Career Planning Guide Career Management Skills and Choosing a Career workbooks 61 Computer-assisted guidance systems, to help you assess yourself and your aptitude for different careers Reference information on careers, graduate employers, work experience, applications and interviews and much more Planning Guide Career Management Skills and Choosing a Career workbooks Computer-assisted guidance systems, to help you assess yourself and your aptitude for different careers Reference information on careers, graduate employers, work experience, applications and interviews and much more You can drop in to the Careers Advisory Service at any time during office hours to use our information resources to research career options and employers or to see a careers adviser for any help that you need with career-related information or advice. As well as in-depth vocational guidance interviews we provide a “drop-in” service to help students with preliminary enquiries and quick queries and run a variety of talks and seminars. See http://www.kent.ac.uk/ces/advice.html for more information The Careers Advisory Service is located within Student Services on the ground floor of the Gillingham Building. The following services are available: Individual guidance interviews. Confidential and impartial guidance. Resources room with computer access, careers information and prospectuses. You are welcome to drop in and browse between 9 am and 5 pm weekdays. Drop in and speak to an adviser Monday – Friday, 2.00pm3.00pm (10-15 minutes, term time only). For full details of the Careers Advisory Service at Medway including photographs see http://www.kent.ac.uk/ces/locations/index.html?tab=medwaycampus. 4.26 Student Representation Providing outstanding student representation is integral to Kent Union’s existence. There is student representation at all levels of University life. Every student will have a course representative who is elected to listen to the views of course mates and discuss them with staff at School consultative meetings. There are elected student representatives who sit on Faculty and University wide committees as well as full time 62 Sabbatical Officers who represent students’ needs on issues such as academic, welfare and social matters at University, local and national level. All representatives are elected in elections which take place either in October or March so YOU can decide who represents your needs! For more information on student representation and how to get involved visit www.kentunion.co.uk/representation. 4.27 Student Activities Centre The Activities Centre aims to provide opportunities for students to develop skills outside of their academic programme, and to try new activities. For example, they offer the Kent Student Certificate in Volunteering which is a scheme that recognises the hours you put in as a volunteer for which you receive a certificate that can be added to your CV. There is also the STAND OUT scheme which offers professional training sessions on different skills such as public speaking or event planning. There are over 100 different societies on offer at Kent and over 40 sports teams so you are sure to find something that matches your interest. You can look them up on the web at http://www.kentunion.co.uk/ or contact Nina Mehmi (Vice President Sports) on union-sport@kent.ac.uk. 4.28 The Registry There are some matters that are not dealt with in the School and for these students need to visit the relevant department. These include: Name changes (Gillingham Building) Fee payments and queries (Medway Building, Finance) Immigration Office Application for Extension of Stay (Gillingham Building) US Exchange students need to register their module choices with the International office (Gillingham Building) Some matters are dealt with by Registry departments, but administered online. Examples of such activities are: Council Tax Exemption Certificates Returning registration 4.29 Student Welfare Offices and Medical Information Student Services Student Services, The Gillingham Building University of Kent Chatham Maritime 63 Chatham ME4 4AG The service is located within The Gillingham Building. The Student Services Department is based on the Ground Floor. Please enquire at the reception desk. Telephone: 01634 888969 Email:medwaystudentservices@kent.ac.uk[17] We are open Monday to Friday 9:00 - 5:00 Manager, Student Services: Graham Gorvett email G.D.Gorvett@kent.ac.uk Student Support Co-ordinator Assistant: Lynne Regan email L.M.Regan@kent.ac.uk Student Services Assistant: Sarah Kenyon email S.Kenyon@kent.ac.uk Masters' office There are six Colleges situated on the Canterbury campus: Darwin, Eliot, Keynes, Rutherford, Turing and the Woolf Graduate College and one College ‘Medway’ for the Medway campus. All students become a member of a College on registration, and retain their College affiliation throughout their study. Like most communities, the College environment brings together people of many backgrounds and with varying tastes and lifestyles. You will become a junior member of your college at registration. Your College affiliation can easily be checked on the student data system. We hope that throughout your time at the University of Kent, you will find an opportunity to join in the Collegiate activities and make full use of the social facilities. The Junior College Committees (JCC’s), are an important part of College life. Committee members are elected annually by the student members of each College, and hold specific roles covering issues including welfare, women’s rights, the promotion of student entertainments and many more functions. The Masters’ offices exist to: Offer advice, help and support: they are a first port of call when you need assistance of any kind. All matters will be dealt with in the strictest confidence. Enforce the University Student Regulations, the code of conduct that all students must abide by whilst they study at the University, wherever they may reside, be it on or off the campus 64 Master: Jane Glew Room Medway M1-26, Medway Building Switchboard: 01634 (88) 8807 Email: J.P.Glew@kent.ac.uk [8] or contact Emma Harrington on 01634 202903 E.Harrington@kent.ac.uk 4.30 Chaplaincy Revd Sally Apokis is the Chaplain at the Medway Campus of the University of Kent. She is an Anglican minister caring for all students and staff on the Medway campus. She is full-time for the University of Kent, University of Greenwich and Canterbury Christ Church University. email: sally-medwaychaplain@gre.ac.uk Office: Pembroke North RM222 at the University of Greenwich Internal phone at office: (01634) 88 3203 Mobile: 07771 624796 Facebook: Chaplaincy Universities at Medway Campus For chaplaincy activities, free lunches, a listening ear, care and support please contact Sally on her mobile/email of via Facebook. For further information about Christian churches and groups in the Medway area please contact: ‘Inn Christian Ministries’ Tel: 01634 300325 and ask for Ann Hubbard E-mail: ann@inn.org.uk [8] Web: www.inn.org.uk[9] Jewish faith contact: Rabbi Malcolm Weisman Tel: 020 84594372 Hindu faith contacts: Mr Vijay Dhanecha Tel: 01634 811712 Mr Anil Patel e-mail: anil100650@fsmail.net[10] Sikh faith contact: Mr Rai Singh 65 The Secretary The Sikh Gurdwara Cossack Street Rochester, ME1 2EF Tel: 01634 849782 Muslim faith contact: Harroon Raschid Sohawon Email: hrsohawon@hotmail.com [1] Phone: (01227) 768225 4.31 Volunteering & Skills Development Volunteering & Skills Development Coordinator David Coldwell Email D.Coldwell@kent.ac.uk or telephone 01634 (88)8874 4.32 Medical Information The student services team are able to provide a list of GP’s located near to your term time address. If you are residing at the universities accommodation, Liberty Quays, you will need to telephone The Sunlight Centre on 01634 338668 alternatively you can contact them via the website at www.sunlightsurgery.co.uk 4.33 European Computer Driving License or ECDL Overview of topics covered using the PC and managing files: adjust main settings, deal with a non-responding program, work with icons and windows or use virus scanning software. word processing: work with tables and images, and use mail merge. spreadsheets: apply formulas and produce graphs and tables from raw data. databases: create and modify tables, queries, forms and reports, and output data. 66 o presentations: move and copy text, images and charts within and between presentations. Who is it for? Students who use PCs regularly and want to both advance their skills and gain an internationally recognized qualification. If you have basic computing skills and use a computer regularly, this is the qualification for you. For information regarding the ECDL please go to the following link: http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/sk/computing-skills.htm. 4.34 Library Information Opening Hours can be found on the website Library Counter 01634 88 3278 Address Drill Hall Library North Road Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB For information on the whole range of services provided please see http://campus.medway.ac.uk/library/ 4.35 The Kent Law Clinic What is the Kent Law Clinic? The Law Clinic is a partnership between students, academics and solicitors and barristers in practice locally. It has two objects: to provide a public service for local people who need legal advice and representation but cannot afford to pay for it, and to enhance the education of students in the Kent Law School. Details can be found at http://www.kent.ac.uk/law/clinic/. 4.36 Jobshop Jobshop@kent is run by Kent Union and can provide part-time or temporary work for students. Over 4,000 students registered with Jobshop@kent last year, and approximately 3,200 vacancies were 67 advertised in areas such as translation, mentoring, silver service, website development, retail and charity fundraising. The vacancies are displayed in the Jobshop centres on the Canterbury campus or Medway campus, where you can drop in for advice, or on our regularly updated website so that you have access to them 24:7, and you can register with us online. Jobshop staff provide information on National Insurance, CVs for parttime work, finding a summer job, international student status and other employment advice. Generally, we advise students to take up to 15 hours of paid work a week during term-time. 4.37 The Faculty Office The Faculty Office supports Schools within Sciences and works with the Dean of the Faculty in directing the teaching, research and enterprise of the Faculty's Schools. It assists in meeting the University's mission and its academic plans in the areas which fall within its responsibility. Within this remit, we: Support the Faculty committees and help ensure compliance with the University's quality assurance procedures, its planning mechanisms, conventions and other regulations. Maintain the University's records for undergraduate students and produce student handbooks and staff circulars, as well as overseeing the work of Boards of Examiners, processing student concessions and student appeals. Support School Officers in their work related to academic Registry functions, including the upkeep of postgraduate student records. Facilitate liaison within the Faculty and the University centrally, across the Canterbury, Wye, Brussels and Medway campuses, as well as with external agencies. In all areas, we seek to provide a helpful, reliable and efficient service to students and staff. For further details please visit www.kent.ac.uk/stms/[4] 4.38 ‘Getting started at Kent' Please don't begin the enrolment process until you have received your official letter and 'Getting started at Kent' pack. Link is https://www.kent.ac.uk/gettingstarted/ 68 Additional Information 5.1 Sample Assignment Feedback Form School of Sport and Exercise Sciences - University of Kent Essay/Assessment Cover Sheet This cover sheet should be completed and attached to every assignment including when submitting online using Moodle. To be completed by student Student Family Name: Student First Name: Module Title: Module Code: Student Login ID: Assessment Title: Date Due: Date Submitted: What aspects of this assessment would you particularly value feedback on? To be completed by staff Date feedback due to student: (Within 3 weeks from due date during term time or within 5 weeks if marking period includes vacation time) Marked by: Date feedback made available to student: Moderated by: Date Marked: Date Moderated: What you did well and strength(s) of this piece of work: 1. 2. 3. 4. Areas in which you could improve in future work: 1. 2. 3. 4. General Comments: If you would like further feedback or would like to discuss how you can use this feedback to improve your future work please book a tutorial with the module convenor. Overall Mark 69 5. 2 Assessment Criteria Essays, Reports and Dissertations: Level 4 1. Reading and Knowledge 80 – 100 Will indicate a wide level of reading and comprehensive knowledge. 70 – 79 A good range of reading and good knowledge 60 – 69 An adequate range of reading with adequate knowledge 50 – 59 A fair range of reading and reasonable knowledge. 40 – 49 A limited range of reading and incomplete knowledge. 30 – 39 A minimal range of reading and very limited knowledge. 0 – 29 Poor reading and knowledge. 2. Understanding and Analysis 80 – 100 A full and perceptive awareness of issues and a clear grasp of their wider significance. 70 – 79 A good awareness of issues and a serious understanding of their wider significance. 60 – 69 Adequate awareness of issues and a good understanding of their wider significance. 50 – 59 Some awareness of issues and of their wider significance. 40 – 49 Limited awareness of issues and their wider significance. 30 – 39 Very limited awareness of issues and their wider significance. 0 -29 Poor awareness of issues and their wider significance. 3. Argument Marker to tick if ‘argument’ being used as assessment criteria 80 – 100 Clear evidence of independent thought and the ability to defend a position logically and convincingly. 70 – 79 Evidence of independent thought and a well-developed argument. 60 – 69 A well-written and relevant argument. 50 – 59 Some evidence of thought with some attempt at an argument. 40 – 49 Descriptive, little evidence of argument. 30 – 39 Very limited thought meagre argument. 0 – 29 Poor thought and argument 4. Organisation and Presentation 80 – 100 Careful thought has been given to the outstanding arrangement and development of material and argument. Excellent English, spelling, structure and grammar. 70 – 79 Good arrangement and development of material and argument. Good English, spelling, structure and grammar. 60 – 69 Adequate arrangement and development of material and argument. Minimal errors in spelling, structure and grammar. 50 – 59 Effort to organise the material and argument. Weaknesses in spelling, structure and grammar. 40 – 49 Limited effort to organise the material and argument. Weaknesses in spelling, structure and grammar. 30 – 39 Very limited effort to organise the material and argument. Weaknesses in spelling, structure and grammar. 0 – 29 Poor effort to organise the material and argument. Weaknesses in spelling, structure and grammar. 5. Referencing 80 – 100 Comprehensive range of literature fully referenced including a range of sources. Consistently conforming to SSES referencing guidelines. 70 – 79 Good range of literature fully referenced including a range of sources. Consistently conforming to SSES referencing guidelines. 60 – 69 Adequate range of literature well referenced including a range of sources. Consistently conforming to SSES referencing guidelines. 50 – 59 A reasonable range of literature referenced from different sources. An attempt has been made to reference using SSES referencing guidelines. 40 – 49 A limited range of literature has been used from few sources. Limited use of SSES referencing guidelines. 70 30 – 39 Very limited range of literature has been used. Limited use of SSES referencing guidelines. 0 – 29 Little or no referencing. An overall mark of 40 is required in order to achieve the essay/assignment. Please note that some assignments will have specific criteria and these should be available in the module packs. 71 5.3 CONCESSIONS REQUEST FORM (for consideration by Board of Examiners) 72 UNIVERSITY OF KENT (Medway Campus) CONCESSIONS FORM FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS For full details concerning concessions, please refer to: http://www.kent.ac.uk/registry/quality/credit/creditinfoannex9.htm Note: This form is NOT to be used for an application for an extension to coursework deadline, failure to submit coursework by the deadline, or failure to attend classes (please use separate 'Concessions Form for Application for an Extension). STUDENT NO: .................................................................................................. EMAIL ADDRESS: .................................................................. FIRST NAMES: .................................................................................................... ............. SURNAME: ................................................................. (in CAPITALS) PROGRAMME OF STUDY: ................................................................................................ STAGE: .................................................................. This statement concerns (please indicate one or more): Failure to attend an examination by concessionary factor(s) Examination/assessment performance impaired (In which case the form must be submitted within 5 days of the examination to which it refers.) STATEMENT OF REASONS FOR SUBMITTING A CONCESSIONS FORM TO THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS Please outline below the circumstances you wish to be taken into account (e.g. (i) details of your failure to meet one or other of the Faculty’s module rules and (ii) the grounds for your concessions application. You should also attach any supporting evidence, such as a medical note from a doctor, where possible.) 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Please tick if you have asked your doctor to write a medical note and have asked your Senior Tutor to forward a copy to the QA Officer (UKM) Please tick if you have asked your tutor or another member of academic staff to write a supporting statement, and to forward it to the QA Officer (UKM). You are advised that your application will be strengthened by such a supporting statement, particularly in cases not involving medical certification SIGNATURE: .............................................................................................................................. Date: .............................................................. This completed form must be returned to QA Officer c/o Medway Building Reception Shared UGO/Forms/Concessions Form for BoE 74 5.4 EXTENSION REQUEST FORM (NOT for consideration by Board of Examiners) 75 School of Sport and Exercise Science REQUEST FOR A COURSEWORK EXTENSION NAME __________________________________ DATE OF REQUEST________________ DEGREE PROG YEAR OF STUDY EMAIL ADDRESS 1 2 3 @kent.ac.uk 4 Any coursework not submitted by the official deadline will automatically receive a mark of zero unless you submit 1. an extension request before the deadline 2. supporting evidence no later than 2 weeks after the original deadline. Please note that extensions to submission deadlines can only be agreed in mitigating circumstances. (See guidelines overleaf). For advice please contact the Michaela Fullman, the Student Support Assistant on m.j.fullman@kent.ac.uk MODULE CODE TITLE ASSIGNMENT TITLE MODULE CONVENOR ORIGINAL DEADLINE (Extension will be for a maximum of 7 days from this date) REASON FOR INABILITY TO SUBMIT BY ORIGINAL DEADLINE (Please tick one box) Inclusive Learning Plan (ILP) Temporary illness or incapacitating medical condition (GP/Hospital letter required) Bereavement (Death certificate required- state relationship to the deceased) Other reason – please give details below (continue on separate sheet of paper if required) This form should be submitted to the Student Support Assistant at the earliest opportunity and no later than the deadline to which it relates. YOU MUST SUBMIT SUPPORTING EVIDENCE WITHIN 2 WEEKS OF THIS REQUEST 76 Please note the following when completing your form: Individual Tutors and Convenors cannot give extensions to deadlines, nor can they accept any coursework after the published deadline. The Extensions Panel meets regularly to consider extension requests. You will receive an email from the Extensions Panel advising whether your request for an extension has been approved. If your case is not approved then a mark of zero will be recorded. If no supporting evidence is received within 2 weeks of the original deadline then a mark of zero will be submitted. Because of obvious logistical issues, no extensions will be given for practical assessments, presentations and in-class tests. The following are examples of circumstances which would not normally be considered valid by the Extensions Panel: Completing coursework too late and missing deadlines because of computer or transport difficulties. Employment commitments. Failure to note deadlines correctly. Housing difficulties Absence from university Any other failure to organise and manage workload properly. On-line copies of this form can be found at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/sportsciences/ Signature of student………………………………………………… Date……………………………………………………………………. (For Office Use Only) EVIDENCE SUBMITTED……………………….. 5.5 ESSAY GUIDELINES PANEL DECISION………………………………. STAGES IN ESSAY WRITING ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED…………………… 77 5.5 Essay guidelines Essay writing is made much easier if it is tackled in stages, because you aren’t asking your mind to do too much at once. The main stages, together with some advice about each, are as follows: 1. Analysing the Question to decide what is required. Read and think about the question (and any accompanying advice on how to approach it) very carefully. Underline key words and check their meaning, if necessary. Distinguish between content and process parts of the question. Possibly try paraphrasing the question in your own words. If you are in any doubt about the meaning of the question then ask advice, e.g. from your tutor. This is not cheating! 2. Reading/re-reading relevant material, with the question in mind. Investigate all likely sources (e.g. with set books, articles, electronic searches as well as the module handouts). Make any notes, as necessary – this may simply mean marking useful passages; noting page references etc. 3. Selecting and noting down relevant material to be included. Jot down ideas for answering the question, as they come to mind, without worrying about the order. Make a note of useful examples and illustrations; definitions, quotations and references, as well as possible points of argument. Remember: In deciding what to include and what to discard, the keyword is relevance. 4, Planning your answer, i.e. organising the selected material into a logical order to create a clear line of argument to the question. It can be helpful to draw up an outline plan with a clear structure, in note form, e.g.: SECTION POSSIBLE CONTENT Introduction Comment on the subject and the approach / answer proposed. Main points/arguments + supporting evidence/examples, in a sensible order. Main body /Development 78 Conclusion 5. Summary of arguments so far and/or clear statement of conclusion if required. Writing up the Essay Ideally this involves writing up a first draft, editing the rough draft (altering, amending, cutting as necessary) and finally writing up the final copy with references and bibliography. However, where time is short it can be possible to write up a neat copy from a thorough plan: Some advice on Writing Up: at the writing up stage, it is important to concentrate on expressing your ideas clearly and achieving a flow of argument, so that the reader can easily follow your line of thinking. To help in this: Imagine that you are writing for an ‘intelligent lay person’ rather than your course tutor. This brings the need to spell out point clearly and not to assume too much. ‘Never be afraid to state the obvious’. Make clear your plan of campaign in the introduction, i.e. how you intend to tackle the question In the main body of the essay, include ‘signposts’ to show the reader where the argument is leading, e.g.… Indicate how one point follows from another by using linking phrases/sentences such as: ‘Having looked at the strengths of the two-class model, I shall now examine possible criticisms of it…’, ‘On the other hand…’. Relate points back to the question to bring out their relevance, by adding phrases such as: ‘One limitation of the two-class model is that…’, This would seem to cast some doubt on the conventional stereotype of the vandal’. Draw your argument together clearly in the conclusion. Make sure the conclusion follows logically from the preceding argument! Use your own words as far as possible except when quoting and try to use simple and direct language. Be careful to distinguish between your own ideas and those of other authors. Acknowledge quotes ‘…’ and give references. Try to keep to the word limit if one is specified (perhaps within a 10% margin either way) 79 6. Advice on editing the First Draft. Read through the essay carefully and check for things like: Relevance: does the essay really answer the question set? Has anything important been left out? Can anything be cut out because it is repetitious or unnecessary (i.e. not contributing to answering the question set) or anecdotal. Be ruthless! Structure: is there a logical order and organisation of material? Is there a clear development/ unfolding of argument throughout the essay? Is the argument clearly ‘signposted’? Clarity of expression: is the essay clearly written? Rephrase or expand where necessary in the interests of clarity, e.g. add an example if this is helpful. Check spelling, punctuation, sentence and paragraph construction and correct as necessary. N.B. Reading aloud can help in checking grammar. Keep a spelling list or dictionary handy. Accuracy: Are quotes, data and evidence used cited correctly and appropriately? N.B If possible, get someone else to read your essay to make sure that it s clear and intelligible; alternatively read it out aloud to yourself. Final Comments These are not hard and fast rules to be adhered to rigidly, but simply useful guidelines to make essay writing easier. They can be adapted and modified to suit you. Thinking is a very important part of the essay writing process and a lot of time should be spent on it throughout. N.B: Sometimes ideas can come to you when you are not consciously working on the essay; to capture them before they escape from consciousness it can be useful to always have a pen and paper handy (e.g. on the bedside table!). Essay writing skills do not come overnight – they take time, practise and guidance to develop. Nobody finds essay writing easy – it always involves hard work and rejection of some of your ideas and writing. (Source: Cole, S. & Woodward, K. (1986) Returning to Study: A Tutors’ Pack. East Midlands: Open University) 80 5.6 IMPROVING YOUR CONTENT-EDITING SKILLS The first part of the following content checklist reflects the need for an essay to show a three-part structure: a beginning (introduction), a middle (development), and an end (conclusion). The questions in the second part of the checklist apply to all parts of the essay. This checklist should be conducted on a draft of your essay. To make your editing efforts more noticeable and your revision easier, try using a different coloured pen. As you edit drafts you may find that each one represents a different kind of task. Sometimes your editing will show that one or two paragraphs are weak, and you may only need to rewrite these. At other times, all paragraphs will show deficiencies, and you will need to write out an entire new draft. When you have rewritten your paragraphs or your second draft, review the checklist once again and make any further editorial remarks. If you find only minor content problems in the second draft, you can begin the final copy. If you are dissatisfied with some of the material in the second draft, rewrite that part before making the final copy. A content checklist for all drafts Focus on the introduction. After reading it carefully, ask: a) Have I commented on the topic of the essay? (E.g. What understand by it? What are the main issues? And so on). b) Have I included which aspects I will be dealing with? Why? What will be my general approach to the essay? Focus on the middle or development (the main body). In planning you will have listed the main points you want to get across. If you reckon on around 100 words per paragraph on average, this may give you an idea of how many paragraphs you will have in which to get these points across. a) Does each paragraph have a clear purpose? b) If the purpose is clear, then does each have enough explanation, specification or discussion so that the reader can understand my line of thinking? Focus on the last section or conclusion. a) b) Is there of an ending? Have I offered a firm or tentative conclusion? Did I fall into the trap of repeating my introduction? 81 c) Have I pointed out any wider implications or future trends or scope for further investigation? After reviewing items 1 to 3, ask these questions about any part of the draft: a) Does each paragraph remain faithful to the guidelines given in the introduction? Check that your points follow one another in a logical sequence or reasoned argument. b) Are there smooth movements or transitions between paragraphs? c) How do my sentences look and sound? Are there repetitious words or sentence patterns that make my writing monotonous? Are any sentences over packed or rambling? d) Do I have enough material in the work as a whole? On average, a page of typed single line spaced, 12 font, Arial typeface script is 250-300 words. So, if you have to write a 1500 word essay and you only have 3 pages, then you do not have enough material. If this is the case, review the first three items on this sheet; you probably need some new material in all of the paragraphs. Finally, have I followed the expected ‘conventions’ – e.g. in quotations, bibliography etc? 5.7 WHAT YOUR TUTOR WILL BE LOOKING FOR Your assignments will be evaluated in terms of their content, structure, clarity and the quality of the analysis they offer. Content: An essay should contain evidence of accurate knowledge of the area in question – the key issues, concepts and research findings. The content must be relevant to the topic. Please be careful how you use books and articles. There have been occasional instances of students copying books and articles directly, which is plagiarism. If you need to include quotations from the course materials, or from other research articles or books, be sure you use quotation marks and indicate the exact source of your quotation. The University will take strict measures against students who simply copy large passages of text. It is also of very little use for your own learning if you simply copy sources without thinking about them. Even if you expressing ideas from books and 82 articles in your own words, you must still indicate your sources using a standard referencing format. Structure: A good essay will present a coherent argument backed up by evidence. By planning your essay carefully, you are more likely to be able to stick to a structure throughout the essay. It is always helpful to keep looking back to the actual question to stop yourself straying too far from the main topic. Clarity: Ideas and arguments should be presented clearly. Terms should be used precisely, and specialised or technical terms should be defined explicitly where necessary. Your tutor will not be impressed by the use of technical terms unless you show that you clearly understand them. It is essential too, to write as if you are explaining your arguments to someone who is not totally familiar with the topic. Don’t take it for granted that your tutor knows everything your going to say. Quality of analysis: This is particularly important. Tutors will be looking for evidence of understanding as opposed to, for example, a simple list of facts. Thus, instead of merely describing a theory, you should attempt to analyse what it, means. Avoid giving lengthy accounts of personal experiences or making statements, which are unsupported by evidence or logical reasoning. On the other hand, it is quite in order to produce arguments on both sides of an issue and finally to conclude that the evidence is stronger for one position or another. To achieve a good grade, it is not important which view you finally adopt. What counts is the quality of your arguments, whether you back them up with relevant evidence, the organisation and structure of your essay and, very important, clarity of expression. All these comments about content, structure, clarity and quality of analysis apply whether you are writing essays, reports, projects, or a seminar presentation. 5.8 Academic Integrity and Honesty at University. What is academic integrity? While you are at university, you are expected and required to act honestly regarding the work you submit for assessment in your courses. General Regulation V.3: Academic Discipline states that: Students are required to act with honesty and integrity in fulfilling requirements in relation to assessment of their academic progress. 83 General Regulation V.3 specifies that any attempts to: cheat, plagiarise, improperly influence your lecturer’s view of your grades, copy other assignments (your own or somebody else’s) or falsify research data will be viewed as a breach of this regulation. The full details of this regulation including disciplinary procedures and penalties are available at: http://www.kent.ac.uk/teaching/qa/index.html. Most students do not have any problems understanding the rules and expectations about acting honestly at university, although some are not familiar with academic expectations and plagiarism. What is plagiarism? General Regulation V.3 states that plagiarism includes: reproducing in any work submitted for assessment or review (for example, examination answers, essays, project reports, dissertations or theses) any material derived from work authored by another without clearly acknowledging the source. In addition, certain departments or subjects may define plagiarism more narrowly. This means that if you read, study or use any other work in your assignment, you must clearly show who wrote the original work. This is called referencing and correct referencing will help you to avoid accusations of plagiarism. What is referencing? Referencing means acknowledging the original author/source of the material in your text and your reference list. Examples of source material which should be referenced include: exact words (written or spoken) summarised or paraphrased text data images (graph, tables, video, multimedia etc) pictures or illustrations ideas or concepts theories opinion or analysis music or other performance media computer code designs, drawings or plans. 84 The School of Sport and exercise Sciences Guidelines for Referencing are used for all written coursework and can be found on Moodle and at the following link: http://www.kent.ac.uk/uelt/ai/SSES-Referencing-Guidelines-2012.pdf Good referencing and avoiding plagiarism are pre-requisites to good writing. If you are unsure about essay writing in general or want to make sure that you will receive the good marks you deserve, you can visit the Student Learning Advisory Service based in the UELT building. For details see: http://www.kent.ac.uk/learning/. 5.9 School of Sport and Exercise Sciences - Referencing Guidelines The School of Sport and exercise Sciences uses the Harvard referencing system. However, as there are many versions of Harvard referencing this guide has been produced to demonstrate the referencing system that the School of Sport and exercise Sciences uses across all undergraduate and MSc programmes. This is the referencing style that you should adopt for ALL your work. Why do I need to reference? There are several reasons why you need to reference your work. 1. References are used to demonstrate the depth and breadth of your reading and you can use references to support your analysis and argument. Using referencing in your work is therefore a way in which you can enhance your grade. 2. Referencing is the way that you acknowledge other people’s work within your own coursework. If you do not use referencing or use it incorrectly it could potentially be viewed as plagiarism (copying someone’s work without acknowledgement). There can also be copyright issues associated with using other people’s work without acknowledgement. 3. Referencing allows other people to identify the source of the information that you have used. Referencing is not difficult as it is all about following the instructions. The most important things to remember are to be organised and be consistent. You should use referencing within any piece of your work where you are using sources of information that are not your own. This includes essays, case studies, presentations, leaflets and written exams. All sources of information that you use should be included within your work in two places: 1. In the text - this is called a citation. 2. At the end in the references list. 85 Citations: Citations are not difficult to do as long as you follow a few rules. There are two main ways that you can use citations in your work. You can either use a citation within your sentence (this is called author prominent) or at the end of the sentence (this is called information prominent). Here are some examples: Author prominent A study by Smith (2007) found that goalkeepers sustain more head injuries than strikers. Information prominent Goalkeepers have been found to sustain more head injuries than strikers (Smith, 2007). There are a few rules regarding the number of authors of a reference source as follows: 1 or 2 authors - you always write in full e.g. Smith (1985) or (Brown & Green, 1996). 3 to 5 authors – the first time you use the reference in your work you should give ALL the authors. Then when you cite that source again you give the first author followed by et al. e.g. (White et al., 2009). 6 or more authors – you can use the first author only followed by et al. straight away. The References List What is a references list? A references list is a list of ALL the information sources that you have cited in your work. If you have read a book or a journal article but have not cited it within your work then you DO NOT need to include it within your references list. Before you submit your work one of the things that you should check (because the markers will!) is that all the citations you have used are in the references list and that all the sources in the references list have been used as citations within the work. How should the references list be formatted? The references list is a list of all your citations and is included at the end of your piece of work. There are some main rules that you need to follow when writing your references list: The references should be placed in alphabetical order by, in the first instant, the first author's surname. The names and initials of all authors should be given in the list of 86 references. You DO NOT need to include first names or professional titles. Only the first word in the titles of books and journal articles is capitalised. If you do not cite a reference in your coursework you should not include it within your reference list. In the reference list the first six authors of a source should be listed. If there are more than six authors list those and then add et al. before the publication date. The format of your reference will depend on the type of source it is from (i.e. book, journal, government paper). Book: If your source is a book then this is how you format within your references list: Author surname, Author initials (year of publication). Title of book in italics. Edition. City of publication: Publisher. Here are some examples: Zatsiorsky, V.M. (1995). Science and practice of strength training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Masteralexis, L.P., Barr, C. & Hums, M. (2009). Principles and practice of sport management. 3rd edn. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Journal Article: If your source is a journal article then this is how you format within your references list: 1st Author surname, 1st Author initials., 2nd Author surname, 2nd Author initials. & 3rd Author surname, 3rd Author initials. (year of publication). Title of article with only first word capitalised. Name of journal in italics, volume number in italics, page numbers. Here is an example: Ford, I., Eklund, R. & Gordon, S. (2000). An examination of psychosocial variables moderating the relationship between life stress and injury time-loss among athletes of a high standard. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 301-312. Important. When you access a journal article online (including downloading a PDF copy of article) it is should be referenced as a journal article AND NOT as an electronic source. Chapter within a book: 87 If your source is a chapter within a book then this is how you format within your references list: Stephenson, D.G., Lamb, G.D., Stephenson, G.M.M. & Fryer, M.W (1996). Mechanisms of excitation and contraction coupling relevant to skeletal muscle fatigue. In S.C. Gandavia, R.M. Enoka, A.J. McManus, D.G. Stuart & C.K.Thomas (Eds.), Fatigue: Neural and muscular mechanisms (pp. 45-56). New York: Plenum Press. Government Paper: If your source is a government paper this is how you format within the reference list: Department of Health (2005). Choosing activity: a physical activity action plan. Cm 6374. London, Stationery Office. Internet sources: It is not advisable to use Internet sources in your work. They do not normally go through the same review process as most textbooks and journal articles. The information can be inaccurate, misinterpreted and is often incorrect. If you do need to reference an Internet source this is how you list it in the references list: Federation Internationale de Football Association (2005). The Football Medicine Resource Kit (F-MARC). Retrieved from http://www.fifa.com. Last accessed: 16 Jan 2010. If the article you are referencing has an author(s), put their name(s) first: Smith, J.A. (2010). Cost of obesity to NHS in England. Retrieved from http://www.dh.gov.uk. Last Accessed: 18 Jan 2010. Format of the references list: Here is an example of how your reference lists should be formatted. All written coursework should be submitted with 1.5 line spacing throughout i.e. including the references list. Note that you should have an additional line space between references but that you do not need numbers or bullets. Federation Internationale de Football Association (2005). The Football Medicine Resource Kit (F-MARC). Retrieved from http://www.fifa.com. Last accessed: 16 Jan 2010. Feldman, F., & Robinovitch, S. (2007). Reducing hip fracture risk during sideways falls: Evidence in young adults of the protective 88 effects of impact to the hands and stepping. Journal of Biomechanics, 40, 2612–2618. Junge, A., Langevoort, G., Pipe, A., Peytavin, A., Wong, F., Mountjoy, M., et al. (2006). Injuries in team sport tournaments during the 2004 Olympic Games. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34, 565–576. Lees, A. (2005). Biomechanics applied to soccer skills. In T. Reilly & A. M. Williams (Eds.), Science and soccer, London: Routledge. Schmitt, K.-U., Nusser, M., Derler, S., & Boesiger, P. (2008b). Analysing the protective potential of padded soccer goalkeeper shorts. British Journal of Sports Medicine (DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.048058). Secondary References: A secondary reference is when you refer to someone else’s summary of work. You should aim to use only primary references i.e. where you have referred to the original work. However, if you do need to use a secondary reference you should cite it as (Conn and Katch, 2000, cited in White, 2005) and then include the full reference for White (2005) in the references list. Direct Quotations: When you quote a section of someone else’s work you need to make this very clear and acknowledge it correctly so that you are not plagiarising. Generally it is advisable to only use a few direct quotations, as they are the work of someone else. If you do use direct quotations they need to be selected carefully, reproduced exactly, clearly linked to your discussion and where ever possible critically evaluated. In your work the quotation should be enclosed in single inverted commas and in addition to the author(s) and the year you also need to include page references. Here are two examples of citing direct quotations dependent on whether you want to use an author prominent or information prominent style Author Prominent John Smith has argued that ‘sports participation will increase in the next ten years due to current health legislation’ (2009: 276). 89 Information Prominent It has been argued that ‘sports participation will increase in the next ten years due to current health legislation’ (Smith, 2009: 276). Frequently Asked Questions What if I have only read the abstract of an article? It is not good practice to reference an abstract of an article in your work, as you should wherever possible have read the whole article. If you want to use an article but we do not have either hard copy or online access to that journal (check on the library website) then you can order copies of articles through Inter Library Loan. The Inter Library Loan forms are available from the Drill Hall Library and you will need a member of staff to sign the form before you can place the order. What if I have a source of information that isn’t listed above? There are many different sources of information. This guide has covered the sources that you are most likely to use within your programme. If you want to need to reference a source that is not included in this guide first of all see if you can find an example. The School of Sport and exercise Sciences referencing styles are taken directly from the Journal of Sports Sciences so look at how articles are formatted within the reference list in a recent article published in this journal. If you can’t find an example ask your module convener. Can I use a reference that was published in 1957? You should use references that are the most up to date source of information and research that is available. A good rule of thumb should be that most of your references should be no more than ten years old. However, if there is an important piece of information that was published a long time ago but is still current or if you are writing about a historical background to a topic then it is acceptable to use references that are older. What if a journal article has been published online ahead of print? If a journal article has been published online ahead of print (as a lot of journals are now doing) it won’t have been allocated a volume or have page numbers. You cite the article in exactly the same way as a hard copy article but the reference format is slightly different as you can’t include volume or page number but have to include the doi (digital object identifier). See the example of the Schmitt reference in earlier references list. Where can I get further help with referencing and writing skills? The University’s Student Learning Advisory Service (SLAS) offer a whole range of student learning development resources including academic writing, critical writing, time management and assignment management. These resources can be accessed at this URL – http://www.kent.ac.uk/uelt/about/slas.html 90 IMPORTANT: Do not use the referencing guidelines at this URL as they are different to the style that SSES have adopted as outlined in this guide. More details on academic referencing, integrity and an assignment survival kit can be found at the following links: http://www.kent.ac.uk/uelt/ai/SSES-Referencing-Guidelines-2012.pdf http://www.kent.ac.uk/uelt/ai/students/index.html http://www.kent.ac.uk/uelt/ai/ask/index.php 5.10 PDP – Personal Development Planner Personal Development Planning will help you to define and explore your goals and map out ways to turn them into reality. It will enable you to articulate the skills you are developing now in order to open up opportunities in the future. Whilst studying you will have many opportunities to expand your academic, professional and personal horizons. The level of engagement and what you get out of your period of higher education is your choice. You have responsibility for your own learning. Taking stock of your position and setting goals in all areas of your life is a crucial step. But in order to maximise your potential you must be clear about how you can transfer the skills and knowledge you have acquired into other situations. You must learn to articulate your unique skills and abilities. For further information see this link: http://www.kent.ac.uk/learning/PDP-and-employability/pdp/index.html 5.11 Dignity at Work and Study Policy The University of Kent is committed to developing a working and learning environment in which all have the right to be treated – and the responsibility to treat others – with dignity, courtesy, respect and consideration. We aim to develop a culture that • Values diversity • Fosters respect for everyone • Does not tolerate prejudice • Is free from harassment and bullying Personal harassment and bullying in all its forms, is unacceptable, therefore staff and students should ensure that they are familiar with the University Policy Document: 91 Dignity at Work and Study: Policy and Procedures The full policy and procedure document is available to all staff on request from the Equality and Diversity Office, Human Resources, the Registry, who can supply alternative formats in large print if required. It is also available on the web at www.kent.ac.uk/hr-equalityanddiversity/pol-pro-guides/dignity.html 5.12 European Credit Transfer System The University has adopted the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) in the context of our participation in the Erasmus programme and other European connections and activities. What is ECTS? ECTS, the European Credit Transfer System, was developed by the Commission of the European Communities in order to provide common procedures to guarantee academic recognition of studies abroad. It provides a way of measuring and comparing learning achievements, and transferring them from one institution to another. ECTS credits ECTS credits are a value allocated to module units to describe the student workload required to complete them. They reflect the quantity of work each module requires in relation to the total quantity of work required to complete a full year of academic study at the institution, that is, lectures, practical work, seminars, private work - in the library or at home - and examinations or other assessment activities. ECTS credits express a relative value. In ECTS, 60 credits represent the workload of a year of study; normally 30 credits are given for a semester and 20 credits for a term. It is important that no special courses are set up for ECTS purposes, but that all ECTS courses are mainstream courses of the participating institutions, as followed by home students under normal regulations. It is up to the participating institutions to subdivide the credits for the different courses. Practical placements and optional courses which form an integral part of the course of study also receive academic credit. Practical placements and optional courses which do not form an integral part of the course of study do not receive academic credit. Non-credit courses may, however, be mentioned in the transcript of records. 92 Credits are awarded only when the course has been completed and all required examinations have been successfully taken. ECTS students The students participating in ECTS will receive full credit for all academic work successfully carried out at ECTS partner institutions and they will be able to transfer these academic credits from one participating institution to another on the basis of prior agreement on the content of study programmes abroad between students and the institutions involved. The ECTS Grading Scale Examination and assessment results are usually expressed in grades. However, many different grading systems co-exist in Europe. Interpretation of grades varies considerably from one country to another, if not from one institution to another. The ECTS grading scale has thus been developed in order to help institutions translate the grades awarded by host institutions to ECTS students. It provides information on the student's performance additional to that provided by the institution's grade; it does not replace the local grade. Higher education institutions make their own decisions on how to apply the ECTS grading scale to their own system. 1. Each institution awards marks/grades on the basis of its normal procedures and system and these marks form part of the student transcript. 2. The ECTS scale is designed as a "facilitating scale" to improve transparency but not to interfere with the normal process of awarding marks within each institution or attempt to impose uniformity. The ECTS grading scale ranks the students on a statistical basis. 3. Within the broad parameters set out below each institution makes its own decision on the precise application of the scale. ECTS Grade A B C D E FX F ECTS GRADING SYSTEM % of successful students normally achieving the grade 10 25 30 25 10 A distinction is made between the grades FX and F that are used for unsuccessful students. FX means: “fail – some more work required to pass” and F means: “fail – considerable further work required”. 93 5.13 University Support Services In addition to departmental support, the University has a wide range of support services. These include: 5.14 Alumni Relations (Communications and Development Office) www.kent.ac.uk/alumni/ Careers Advisory Service www.kent.ac.uk/careers/ Chaplaincy www.kent.ac.uk/chaplaincy/ College Masters’ Offices www.kent.ac.uk/studentservices/masters-office/. Counselling Service www.kent.ac.uk/counselling/ Student Support & Wellbeing http://www.kent.ac.uk/studentsupport/. English Language Unit www.kent.ac.uk/secl/elu/ Equality and Diversity Manager http://www.kent.ac.uk/hr-equalityanddiversity/. Information Services (Computing and Library) www.kent.ac.uk/is/ International Office http://www.kent.ac.uk/international/index.html. Kent Law Clinic www.kent.ac.uk/law/clinic/ Personal Academic Support System (PASS) The Personal Academic Support System provides a range of academic advice, support and guidance to students to ensure their success at Kent. Although the specific arrangements for academic advice and support provided by each School will vary, students should be able to consult named officers in the School for all of the following areas: (i) Academic advice, including: Module Choice and programme structure Change of module or programme Progression routes Further/Advanced study 94 (ii) (iii) Academic support, including: Study Skills Academic Integrity/Academic Discipline Learning Resources Academic or personal problems/difficulties Progression monitoring/reporting Records of attendance at formal teaching sessions Submission of coursework Providing references In addition, the University provides a range of other professional services that support PASS to meet the diversity of student needs. As the School is often the first point of contact for personal academic support, school officers can refer students as appropriate to the relevant service. These services include: Faculties Support Office Information Services (including the Computing Service & Library) The Unit for the Enhancement of Learning and Teaching (including Student Learning and Advisory Service) The Centre for English and World Languages Academic Registry (eg European Office, International Office, Financial Aid Office, Student Records and Examinations, Undergraduate Office for Humanities and Social Sciences Admissions and Partnership Services) Kent or Medway Union The Graduate School Accommodation Office at http://www.kent.ac.uk/accommodation/medway/apply/index.html. Student Advice Centre (Kent Union) Campus Security – Police Community Support Officer Joyce Mcevoy. Kent Police University Liaison Officer T: +44(0)7772 225961 E:joyce.mcevoy@kent.pnn.police.uk website www.kent.police.uk Equality and Diversity Student Services: 95 5.15 o The Careers Advisory Service o The Counselling Service o Student Support & Wellbeing o The College Masters’ Offices o The Chaplaincy Greenwich and Kent Students’ Unions Together Greenwich and Kent Students’ Unions Together (GK Unions) is a partnership between the University of Greenwich and the University of Kent students’ unions. Students are not only a member of Greenwich and Kent Students’ Unions Together, but a member of their ‘home’ union too. GK Unions represents the needs and views of its members whilst providing excellent activities and services to improve the student experience. The Union offers a wide range of student activities including sports, societies and volunteering. GK Unions also run Essentials, Coopers Bar, Jobshop and a student Advice Centre. For more information please visit: http://www.gkunions.co.uk Follow GK Unions on Twitter: https://twitter.com/GKUnions Find GK Unions on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GKUnions There is also the Kent Student Union. Details can be found at : http://www.kentunion.co.uk/. 96 97 98