Macromolecules Review
Science Department
Ms. Martinez
2010
1. What are 4 examples of
macromolecules?
1. What are 4 types of
macromolecules?
Lipids,
Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and
Proteins
2. Why are macromolecules
organic compounds?
2. Why are macromolecules
organic compounds?
They have the element
Carbon
3. What are monomers?
Small, simple units
4. What are polymers?
4. What are polymers?
Larger units made of monomers
5. What are carbohydrates?
5. What are
carbohydrates?
Sugars and starches
6. What is the function of a
carbohydrate?
6. What is the function
of a carbohydrate?
Main source of energy in living
things
7. What is the monomer of
a carbohydrate?
7. What is the monomer
of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
8. What is the polymer of a
carbohydrate?
8. What is the polymer
of a carbohydrate?
Polysaccharide
9. What are
monosaccharides?
9. What are
monosaccharides?
Single or simple sugars
10. How do plants store
their excess sugar?
10. How do plants store
their excess sugar?
As Starch
11. How do animals store
their excess sugar?
11. How do animals
store their excess sugar?
As Glycogen
12. Which elements are
found in carbohydrates?
12. Which elements are
found in carbohydrates?
CHO
(Carbon, hydrogen, and Oxygen)
13. What is the RATIO of
these elements?
13. What is the RATIO
of these elements?
1:2:1
14. When would you use
Benedict’s solution?
14. When would you use
Benedict’s solution?
To test for monosaccharides
15. How does Benedict’s
Solution work?
15. How does Benedict’s
Solution work?
In the presence of a
MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it
changes from BLUE to
RED/ORANGE.
16. When would you use
Iodine solution?
16. When would you use
Iodine solution?
To test for starches
17. How does Lugol’s
Iodine solution work?
17. How does Lugol’s
Iodine solution work?
In the presence of a starch, it
changes from BROWN to
BLUISH/BLACK
18. List 2 examples of
proteins in the body.
18. List 2 examples of
proteins in the body.
Hair, Nails, Muscle, Antibodies,
Enzymes, etc.
19. What are the function
of proteins?
19. What are the
function of proteins?
Form muscles and bones,
transport substances and control
the rate of reactions in the body
20. Which elements are
found in proteins?
20. Which elements are
found in proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen
21. What is the monomer of
a protein?
21. What is the
monomer of a protein?
Amino Acid
22. SKETCH and LABEL an
amino acid.
22. SKETCH and LABEL
an amino acid.
23. How many amino acids
are there?
23. How many amino
acids are there?
20
24. What type of covalent
bond do amino acids have?
24. What type of covalent
bond do amino acids have?
Peptide Bonds
Polypeptide/Protein
25. What are enzymes?
25. What are enzymes?
types of proteins that catalyze
biochemical reactions
26. Catalysts will
_______________ (speedup / slow down) a chemical
reaction.
26. Catalysts will
_______________
(speed-up / slow down)
a chemical reaction.
speed-up
27. A biological catalyst is
an ___________________.
27. A biological catalyst
is an
___________________.
ENZYME
28. What is an example of a
common catalyst?
28. What is an example
of a common catalyst?
Match
29. Are all enzymes types
of proteins?
29. Are all enzymes
types of proteins?
YES!!
Enzyme (Protein)
Enzyme (Protein)
Enzyme (Protein)
30. Are all proteins types of
enzymes?
30. Are all proteins types
of enzymes?
No!!
Channel Protein
Enzyme (Protein)
Antibody
31. The energy needed to start a
reaction is called ________________
energy.
31. The energy needed to start a
reaction is called ________________
energy.
Activation
32. What temperature do
enzymes work best in your
body?
32. What temperature
do enzymes work best in
your body?
37 degrees C
33. What happens to the activation
energy in the presence of an enzyme?
33. What happens to the activation
energy in the presence of an enzyme?
LOWERED
34. SKETCH and LABEL an
Energy Hill Diagram.
34. SKETCH and LABEL
an Energy Hill Diagram.
35. What is Denaturation?
35. What is
Denaturation?
When the proteins’ natural
structure, its 3-D shape, is
permanently changed
36. List 2 things that can
denature proteins.
36. List 2 things that can
denature proteins.
Change in pH or temperature
37. The molecule on which
an enzyme will attach is
called the __________ site.
37. The molecule on
which an enzyme will
attach is called the
__________ site.
active
38. What are lipids?
38. What are lipids?
Molecules that cannot dissolve in
water
39. What are examples of
lipids?
39. What are examples
of lipids?
Fats, oils, waxes & steroids
40. What are functions of
lipids?
40. What are functions
of lipids?
1. Long-term Energy storage for animals
2. Structural elements for plants and
animal
41. Which elements are
found in lipids?
41. Which elements are
found in lipids?
Mostly carbon and hydrogen with
some oxygen
42. What is the monomer of
a lipid?
42. What is the
monomer of a lipid?
3 fatty-acids and 1 glycerol head
43. What is the structure of
a lipid?
43. What is the structure
of a lipid?
44. What is a saturated fat?
44. What is a saturated
fat?
-Solid at room temperature and no
double bonds (full of hydrogen)
-ex animal fats
45. What is an unsaturated
fat?
45. What is an
unsaturated fat?
-Liquid at room temperature due
to double bonds (bent structure)
-ex plant oils
46. What are two types of
nucleic acids?
46. What are two types
of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
47. What are the functions
of nucleic acids?
47. What are the
functions of nucleic
acids?
Store and transmit genetic
information
48. What is the monomer of
a nucleic acid?
48. What is the
monomer of a nucleic
acid?
Nucleotide
49. What 3 structures does
a nucleotide consist of?
49. What 3 structures
does a nucleotide
consist of?
Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogen Base
50. What is range for the
pH scale?
50. What is range for
the pH scale?
0 to 14
51. What are acids?
51. What are acids?
They release a hydrogen ion, H+,
into water
52. List 3 properties of
acids.
52. List 3 properties of
acids.
Taste sour
2. Are sticky
3. React with Metals
1.
53. What color will Litmus
paper turn in the presence
of an acid?
53. What color will
Litmus paper turn in the
presence of an acid?
RED (pink)
54. Which ion does an acid
have?
54. Which ion does an
acid have?
Hydrogen ion, H+
55. Where are strong acids
on the scale?
55. Where are strong
acids on the scale?
Closer to 0
56. What are bases?
56. What are bases?
They release a hydroxide
ion, OH-, into water
57. List 3 properties of a
base.
57. List 3 properties of a
base.
Bitter, sharp taste
2. Feel slippery
3. React with organic molecules
1.
58. What color will Litmus
paper turn in the presence
of a base?
58. What color will
Litmus paper turn in the
presence of a base?
BLUE (purple)
59. Which ion does a base
have?
59. Which ion does a
base have?
Hydroxide ion, OH-
60. Where are strong bases
on the pH scale?
60. Where are strong
bases on the pH scale?
Near 14
61. Solutions that have concentrations of H+
ion LOWER than pure water are
______________(acids/bases).
61. Solutions that have concentrations of H+
ion LOWER than pure water are
______________(acids/bases).
BASES
Huh? Bases have very little H+,
but lots of OH-.
H+
OH-
62. H+ reacts with OH- to
form?
62. H+ reacts with OH- to
form?
H2O (Water)
Study!