February 2016 First Light Newsletter February, 2016 (Issue No. 139) AlachuaAstronomyClub.org North Central Florida's Amateur Astronomy Club Serving Alachua County since 1987 Member Member Astronomical League Member NASA Night Sky Network Astronomical League's Comet Observer's pin The Loneliest Galaxy in the Universe by Ethan Siegel Space Place Feature article Our greatest, largest-scale surveys of the universe have given us an unprecedented view of cosmic structure extending for tens of billions of light years. With the combined effects of normal matter, dark matter, dark energy, neutrinos and radiation all affecting how matter clumps, collapses and separates over time, the great cosmic web we see is in tremendous agreement with our best theories: the Big Bang and General Relativity. Yet this understanding was only possible because of the pioneering work of Edwin Hubble, who identified a large number of galaxies outside of our own, correctly measured their distance (following the work of Vesto Slipher's work measuring their redshifts), and discovered the expanding universe. But what if the Milky Way weren't located in one of the "strands" of the great cosmic web, where galaxies are plentiful and ubiquitous in many different directions? What if, instead, we were located in one of the great "voids" separating the vast majority of galaxies? It would've taken telescopes and imaging technology far more advanced than Hubble had at his disposal to even detect a single galaxy beyond our own, much less dozens, hundreds or millions, like we have today. While the nearest galaxies to us are only a few million light years distant, there are voids so large that a galaxy located at the center of one might not see another for a hundred times that distance. While we've readily learned about our place in the universe from observing what's around us, not everyone is as fortunate. In particular, the galaxy MCG+01-02-015 has not a single known galaxy around it for a hundred million light years in all directions. Were you to draw a sphere around the Milky Way with a radius of 100 million light years, we'd find hundreds of thousands of galaxies. But not MCG+01-02-015; it's the loneliest galaxy ever discovered. Our Milky Way, like most galaxies, has been built up by mergers and accretions of many other galaxies over billions of years, having acquired stars and gas from a slew of our former neighbors. But an isolated galaxy like this one has only the matter it was born with to call its own. Edwin Hubble made his universe-changing discovery using telescope technology from 1917, yet he would have found absolutely zero other galaxies at all were we situated at MCG+01-02-015's location. The first visible galaxy wouldn't have shown up until we had 1960s-level technology, and who knows if we'd have continued looking? If we were such a lonely galaxy, would we have given up the search, and concluded that our galaxy encompassed all of existence? Or would we have continued peering deeper into the void, eventually discovering our unusual location in a vast, expanding universe? For the inhabitants of the loneliest galaxy, we can only hope that they didn't give up the search, and discovered the entire universe. Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA and N. Gorin (STScI); Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt, of the loneliest void galaxy in the known: MCG+01-02-015. Newberry Star Park by Andy Howell The past month has been quite slow because of unfavorable observing weather and freezing temperatures. The January star party & outreach was canceled because of bad weather. The biggest excitement of the month was the daytime fireball that occurred January 24 at approximately 10:24am EST. The American Meteor Society received 120 reports from eyewitnesses throughout Florida and parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina. Our Mallincam all-sky camera at NSP, which operates 24/7 was streaming live to our web site. Undoubtedly, anyone watching the live feed would have seen the fireball. Unfortunately, the camera was not recording to the hard drive, and we have no record of it. (This has since been remedied, and the camera is now recording to the hard drive in case another spectacular event like this happens again.) The two north-facing security cameras operated by Easton Foundation at the main Easton-Newberry Sports Complex were our next best hope for having recorded the event. Unfortunately, there was a 30 minute gap centered on the event time! Extensive outreach to other organizations in north Florida have failed to turn up a video of this daytime fireball. The fireball entered earth's atmosphere in Baker County, about 15 miles northeast of Big Shoals State Park. Doppler radar in Jacksonville received echoes from the meteor, suggesting that it dropped meteorites. Read more about the major daytime fireball at the web site of the American Meteor Society. http://www.amsmeteors.org/members/imo_view/event/2016/266 Star Parties by Lisa Egar and Ivo Rabell Stargazing at Paynes Prairie Rescheduled for March 12, 2016 Originally scheduled for Saturday, February 6, the was canceled due to rain and clouds. Hickory Ranch is rescheduled for March 12. Hickory Ranch is one of the premiere events of the year, with nearly 1,000 friends and guests of Paynes Prairie expected to be lining up through Alachua Astronomy Club telescopes. Read more about the event at the Friends of Paynes Prairie web site. If you haven't registered for the event, please do so HERE. Bring a sandwich, and bring your telescope! There is no cost for AAC volunteers! Schools and Outreach by Mike Toomey Our next evening school star party will be at a Gainesville elementary school on Wednesday, February 17. (Please register online or contact me for the exact location.) We expect about 80 students along with parents and siblings. The event will begin shortly after sunset (6:20pm). The 9 day old moon will already be high above for immediate viewing. On Saturday, February 27, we return to St. Madeleine's Parish near High Springs. We may have as many as 100 visitors to this event. The official start time for stargazing is 6:45pm; however, club members are encouraged to arrive early to enjoy St. Madeleine's hospitality (yet to be announced but usually involves free food!) On Tuesday, March 1, we need some telescope operators to attend a Levy County elementary school. We expect about 60 students to this one. The event will begin shortly after sunset. Since there will be no moon and Jupiter will not be at a useful elevation until the end of the program, bring your sky atlas to help you track down a star cluster or favorite binary star. The Orion Nebula and a few other “fuzzies” will also be easy to find without the moon's interference. [Please note, the club's planning meeting will be rescheduled to facilitate this event.] On Tuesday, January 19, Andy Howell and I attended the after-school 4th grade class at Caring & Sharing. The sun was inactive so we focused on indoor activities such as crossword puzzles and meteor/meteorite presentations. The students were well-behaved, as they typically are at C&S. The hour flew by thanks to all the student questions. The next after-school program will be March 16. Remember, you do not need to be an expert in astronomy to be an outreach volunteer. You do not even need to own a telescope! You can shadow current volunteers at events, ask our Sky Mentor Bill Helms or other members for one-on-one assistance with your telescope, or be brought up to speed with one of several clubowned telescopes. Binoculars are also excellent astronomical instruments that can be hand-held or tripodmounted. Mike Toomey has served the AAC in many capacities since 1998, including President, Secretary, FirstLight Editor, Star Party Coordinator and School Outreach Coordinator. Mike resides in Gainesville. Meetings AAC Public Meeting (past event) Tuesday, February 9, 2016 from 7-9 p.m. Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Cultural Plaza 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32611-2710 Speaker Chap Percival, Astronomy Educator, Sarasota If you missed this meeting, you missed a real treat. Chap Percival is traveling the country to promote the August 21, 2017 total solar eclipse with the message "Go See the Eclipse! (And Take a Kid With You)." Chap lives in Sarasota and is a lifelong educator, having taught astronomy since 1995 at Pine View School in Osprey, Florida. Along with wife Bonnie, Chap brought along a multitude of former students who now attend the University of Florida. Photo shows Chap Percival with five former students who are beaming for the camera. New Members since November 1! Linda Andiric Jonathan Bear Cindy Daly William Elliott Basset Giles William (Bill) Hensler Ankur Jain Marianne McKenzie Jessica McLeod Phil & Sherrie Nolden Carlton & Leslie Oglesby Burton (Pat) Patterson & Lena Buysse Del Schier President First Light Editor Andy Howell Laura Wright Ivo Rabell, the heart and soul of our club, is recovering from a serious medical emergency in early January. After a month of rehabilitation, Ivo is back home with wife Patrice and family giving loving support. Let me say that Ivo is an inspiration and a life lesson to all of us about the difference that positive outlook can have. Most of us might have been discouraged and given up, but Ivo was determined to get back on his feet. Through hard work and determination, he has done so! The same determination and gusto we've all seen Ivo demonstrate in observing deep-sky fuzzies also characterizes his optimisitic attitude towards work, family, and love of learning. The day before his release from UF Shands Rehab Hospital, I took this photo of Ivo with another patient. Patient M. (left) recounted what an inspiration Ivo was to her. It's a lovely photo, and I was moved to tears by this moment. Comets are the subject of the Comet Observers Program of the Astronomical League. According to the website "there are, perhaps, no more wondrous and beautiful objects as comets and they have been known since antiquity. Since the invention of the telescope hundreds of years ago, astronomers have continually searched for new comets and have discovered nebulas, star clusters, galaxies and more in the process". "Chinese records of Comet Halley go back to 240 BC. s of 1995, 878 comets have been cateloged and their orbits at least roughly calculated". Some fun facts from the website: "Comets are sometimes called dirty snowballs. They are a mixture of ices, both water and frozen gases, and dust that for some reason did not get incorporated into planets when the solar system was formed. They are samples of the early history of the solar system". "Comets are invisible, and not active, except when they are near the Sun. Comets have several distinct parts: neucleus, coma, dust tail and ion tail". The observing program overview lists two different levels of observation. The Silver Level - observe at least 12 different comets and the Gold Level observe at least 18 additional comets. Observations may be made visually and hand sketched or by imaging the comet. Go to their website to learn more www.astroleague.org Best regards, Laura Ivo with friend (left) and wife Patrice. Ivo, all of us in Alachua Astronomy Club look forward to your getting back to observing as soon as possible! It isn't the same without you at Newberry Star Park. Happy Valentine's Day! Each and every of our 150 members make Alachua Astronomy Club a very special place! The Night Sky this Month from seasky.org February 7 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation. The planet Mercury reaches greatest western elongation of 25.6 degrees from the Sun. This is the best time to view Mercury since it will be at its highest point above the horizon in the morning sky. Look for the planet low in the eastern sky just before sunrise. February 8 - New Moon. The Moon will located on the same side of the Earth as the Sun and will not be visible in the night sky. This phase occurs at 14:39 UTC. This is the best time of the month to observe faint objects such as galaxies and star clusters because there is no moonlight to interfere. February 22 - Full Moon. The Moon will be located on the opposite side of the Earth as the Sun and its face will be will be fully illuminated. This phase occurs at 18:20 UTC. This full moon was known by early Native American tribes as the Full Snow Moon because the heaviest snows usually fell during this time of the year. Since hunting is difficult, this moon has also been known by some tribes as the Full Hunger Moon, since the harsh weather made hunting difficult. March 8 - Jupiter at Opposition. The giant planet will be at its closest approach to Earth and its face will be fully illuminated by the Sun. It will be brighter than any other time of the year and will be visible all night long. This is the best time to view and photograph Jupiter and its moons. A medium-sized telescope should be able to show you some of the details in Jupiter's cloud bands. A good pair of binoculars should allow you to see Jupiter's four largest moons, appearing as bright dots on either side of the planet. Copyright © 2016 Alachua Astronomy Club, Inc. All rights reserved. Contact email: FirstLight@alachuaastronomyclub.org Alachua Astronomy Club, Inc. 2603 NW 13th St., #161 Gainesville FL 32609-2835 Unsubscribe