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What Must Be Cited
 Background information (company & industry information and news; financials, market share, other statistics)
 Analysis not original to you or your team
 Any passage not written by you/your team (text must also either be reworded OR enclosed in quotation marks)
 Charts or other graphics not created by your team
Note: Any source passages not presented as exact quotes should be cited AND sufficiently reworded to avoid
Paraphrase Plagiarism . More on Paraphrase Plagiarism: http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml
Where to Cite
Your source material must be acknowledged in 2 places in your paper/presentation:
1. Acknowledge your sources throughout the body of your paper/presentation with parenthetical in-text citations. For exact quotes, include a page or paragraph number as applicable in your in-text citation.
2. Provide complete information about each source in the Reference List (bibliography) at the end of the paper/presentation.
Note: Each in-text citation should point to an entry in the Reference List.
There should be no excess entries in the Reference List that go uncited in the body of your document.
You should also cite information you use in any supplementary handouts.
Information Needed to Cite Sources in APA
For Articles in Journals, Magazines, or New spapers
 Author
 Day/Month/Year
 Article Title
 Journal Name
 Volume and Number/Issue
(For magazines skip the number . For newspapers skip both volume & number )
 Page Range (if known)
If your article is in electronic format , include the information below:
 DOI, if included
 If no DOI, URL of journal homepage
For Web Site s
 Author of Web Site
(remember, organizations can be authors too!)
 Date of Publication/Last Update
(use n.d. if no date given)
 Title of Web Page
 URL
If the URL is excessively long, give the URL of the main site.
For Bo oks
 Author/Editor
 Year
 Title
 Place of Publication
 Publisher
 For a multi-author/edited book: author, title, & pages of chapter/section consulted
 If electronic, URL of database homepage
It’s easier to keep track of this information as you research than to reconstruct it.
Print out or save all electronic documents, especially websites & statistical reports you create.
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Examples of APA-Style Reference List Entries & In-Text Citations
Article from a Library Database
– from a Scholarly Journal – with a DOI
Note: Look for the DOI in the database listing and/or in the PDF of the article.
Reference List
Smith, W. P., & Tabak, F. (2009). Monitoring employee e-mails: Is there any room for privacy? Academy Of
Management Perspectives, 23 (4), 33-48. doi:10.5465/AMP.2009.45590139
In-text Citation
(Smith & Tabak, 2009)
Article from a Library Database – from a Scholarly Journal – with no DOI
Note: Searching for the journal homepage URL to include in the retrieval statement is a separate step.
Reference List
Maronick, T. J. (2009). The role of the Internet in survey research: Guidelines for researchers and experts. Journal of
Global Business & Technology, 5 (1), 18-31. Retrieved from http://www.gbata.com/jgbat.html
In-text Citation
(Maronick, 2009)
Article from a Library Database – from a Magazine
Note: Include specific date if a weekly magazine. Locating the publisher URL is a separate step.
Reference List
Deans, G.K., Kroeger, F., & Zeisel, S. (2002, December). The consolidation curve. Harvard Business Review ,
80 (12), 20-21. Retrieved from http://www.hbr.org
In-text Citation
(Deans, Kroeger, & Zeisel, 2002)
Article from a Library Database
– from a Magazine
Note: Volume included as available; issue/number not needed. Locating the publisher URL is a separate step.
Reference List
Kotlikoff, L.J. (2008, September 29). Is the U.S. going broke? Forbes , 182 , 34-35. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com
In-text Citation
(Kotlikoff, 2008)
Article from a Library Database
– from a Newspaper
Reference List
Hymowitz, C. (2005, 21 June). In Sarbanes-Oxley era, running a nonprofit is only getting harder. Wall Street
Journal , B8. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com
In-text Citation
(Hymowitz, 2005)
Article from a Library Database – from a Newspaper, with no author
Reference List
Legg Mason to be in S&P 500. (2006, April 12). Wall Street Journal , C5. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com
In-text Citation (using a short form of the article title in place of the author)
(Legg Mason, 2006)
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Annual Report/SEC Filing from Company/Organization Web Site
Reference List
Microsoft Corporation. (2011). Annual report . Retrieved from http://www.microsoft.com/investor/reports/ar11/index.html
In-Text Citation
(Microsoft Corporation., 2011)
Company Dossier, from LexisNexis Academic database
Use this model for information from within the Dossier itself ( without clicking on information source links).
Reference List
LexisNexis. (2012). Legg Mason, Inc. company dossier, financials overview. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com
In-text Citation
(LexisNexis, 2012)
H oover’s In-Depth Company Record, from LexisNexis Academic database
Use this model for sources found through LexisNexis Company Dossier – when you click into the source.
See above (Company Dossier) for info available within the Company Dossier ( without clicking to source).
Reference List
Hoover’s Inc. (2012, September 11). Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc.: In-depth record. Retrieved from http://www.hoovers.com
In-text Citation
(Hoover’s Inc., 2012)
Market Share Reporter (or Business Rankings Annual) Table, from Gale Directory Library
Reference List
Top quick-service restaurant chains, 2009. (2012). In Robert S. Lazich and Virgil L. Burton III (Eds.), Market share reporter . Retrieved from http://find.galegroup.com
In-text Citation
(Top quick-service restaurant chains, 2012)
MarketLine Company SWOT (Company Profile) from Business Source Complete Database
Reference List
MarketLine. (2012, August 13). M&T Bank Corporation Company Profile.
Retrieved from http://www.marketline.com
In-text Citation
(MarketLine, 2012)
Standard & Poor’s NetAdvantage, Industry Survey
Reference List
Oja, E. (2012, July 19). Banking . Standard & Poor's Industry Surveys. Retrieved from http://www.standardandpoors.com
In-text Citation
(Oja, 2012)
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Standard & Poor’s NetAdvantage, Stock Report
[ If you’d like to cite/identify the individual analyst, you can sometimes locate the analyst name above the
Highlights/Investment Rationale/Risk sections of the stock report]
Reference List
Standard & Poor’s. (2012, February 18). YUM! Brands Inc. Stock Report.
Retrieved from http://www.standardandpoors.com
In-text Citation
(Standard & Poor’s, 2012)
ValueLine Database, Company Report
[locate analyst name at end of narrative section, lower half of page]
Reference List
Ferrara, J.S. (2012, August 3). Abercromie & Fitch Company. Retrieved from http://www.valueline.com
In-text Citation
(Ferrara, 2012)
ValueLine Database, Industry Report
[locate analyst name at end of narrative section]
Reference List
Ferrara, J.S. (2012, August 3). Retail (softlines) industry. Retrieved from http://www.valueline.com
In-text Citation
(Ferrara, 2012)
Yahoo Finance
Reference List
Papa John's International, Inc. (PZZA): Basic Chart . (2012, February 17). Retrieved from http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=PZZA+Basic+Chart
In-text Citation
(
Papa John’s International
, 2012)
Web Site Document
Reference List
National Restaurant Association. (2012). 2012 restaurant industry pocket factbook. Retrieved from http://www.restaurant.org/pdfs/research/PocketFactbook_2012.pdf
In-text Citation
(National Restaurant Association, 2012)
Two or more works by the same author in the same year?
Alphabetize works first by author, then title in reference list, then add letters [a, b, etc.] to the year in parentheses. Use the appropriate letter at the end of the year in each in-text citation.
Reference List
Feder, B. J. (2004a, December 2). Guidant leaves Wall Street guessing about succession….
Feder, B. J. (2004b, October 21). One stent maker thrives as rival gets the kudos…..
In-text Citation : (Feder, 2004b)
APA_business.docx Cook Library, Towson University Prepared by S. Gass, sgass@towson.edu; Nov. 2012
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