Gunpowder Empires: 1450-1750
Land- Based Gunpowder Empires: Examples
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Ottomans (___________________, ______________________, ___________________________,
___________________)
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Safavids (__________________ , _____________________ __________)
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_______________ (Afghanistan, Pakistan, _________________)
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___________ China
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_____________ Empire
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_____________________ Japan
Characteristics
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____________ ____________ they spread out into __________________ territory from a “__________
___________” (unlike _______-faring powers & _____________-________ empires based out of
_____________ like ______________, __________________, & the ________________________ that created
far-flung empires _________ ___________________ to their home turf)
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Reliance on _____________________
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_________________________ military systems
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Cost of _______________________ = increased __________________________
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Islamic Gunpowder Empires all traced their _______________ back to ______________ ______________
______________ ____________
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________________ – these empires shared traits we’ve seen throughout history up to this point
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Often, armies were made up of __________-____________ (rather than the __________________
________________ __________) to ensure ______________ to the ______________ _____________
Islamic Flowering: Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal
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Vast, _____________ __________________ was extremely __________________ _______________,
___________________, & _______________________
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__________________of culture as in the ____________________ era
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____________the ___________________ aka the __________________ (_______________); Abbas I the
Great (________________); ________________ (____________________)
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________________________ popular place for _______________life
Common Problems
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TOO __________ (_____________________ & ___________________ issues)
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________________ heritage led to __________________ warrior ______________
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Rise of_______________________ rivals
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_____________ = small states, ____________ ____________ & competition = technologies &
______________ ______________ ____________; ____________ routes moved to ______________
_____________ controlled by Europe
Long-term Changes
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Ottoman, Safavid, & Muhgal Empires came from______________, ______________ roots BUT
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______________ _____________ nomadic threats ended w/ __________________ – nomads were conquered
and __________________________
Discussion!
1. “Of the previous Sultans, there were many who ruled the land, but few who ruled the sea. In the conduct of
war at sea, the infidels are superior to us. We must overcome them.”
– Suleyman the Magnificent’s Grand Vizir
Why do you think traditional land-based empires didn’t adequately meet the challenge of changing the basis
of their power to sea-based militaries…eventually leading them to being eclipsed by European powers?
2. Create a T-chart with the headings Land Powers and Sea Powers. List at least six qualities of each type of
power underneath.
3. Why do you think, long term, that sea power was more effective than land-based empires?