CPA Midterm Terms
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1.
1st Amendment of the Bill of Rights: Right to speech, press,
23.
religion, assemble, petition
2.
2nd Amendment of the Bill of Rights: Right to bear arms
3.
3 Branches of Government: Executive, Legislative, Judicial
4.
3rd Amendment of the Bill of Rights: No quartering of
soldiers
5.
president and the vice president, in which each state's number of
electors is equal to the number of its senators and representatives
in Congress.
24.
Eli Whitney: Invented the cotton gin
25.
Erie Canal: An artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river
at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo
-allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the
North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished
goods to sell in the West.
4th Amendment of the Bill of Rights: Freedom from
unreasonable search and seizure
6.
5th Amendment of the Bill of Rights: Right to not selfincriminate, due process of law, no double jeopardy
7.
26.
6th Amendment of the Bill of Rights: Right to a speedy and
quick trial
8.
7th Amendment of the Bill of Rights: Right to a trial
9.
8th Amendment of the Bill of Rights: Freedom from cruel
9th Amendment of the Bill of Rights: Rights of others
11.
10th Amendment of the Bill of Rights: Power reserved to the
27.
Adams-Onis Treaty: Spain gave up the land in Florida &
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29.
Federalists: Supporters of the Constitution and of a strong
30.
Great Compromise: The Constitutional Convention's
national government.
agreement to establish a two-house national legislature, with all
states having equal representation in one house and each state
having representation based on its population in the other.
Alien & Sedition Acts: A series of four laws enacted in 1798 to
reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the United
States.
14.
15.
32.
18.
33.
20.
Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the U.S.
Constitution, added in 1791 and consisting of a formal list of
citizens' rights.
34.
Interchangeable Parts: Identical components that can be used
Checks and Balances: The provisions in the U.S. Constitution
35.
James Madison: Called for the convention. One of the author's
36.
Judicial Branch: The branch of government that interprets the
37.
Land Ordinance of 1785: A law that established a plan for
in place of one another in manufacturing
of The Federalist Papers.
laws and the Constitution.
Commander-in-chief: President
Confederation: An alliance permitting states or nations to act
surveying and selling the federally owned lands west of the
Appalachian Mountains.
together on matters of mutual concern.
21.
22.
Indian Removal Act: Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew
Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living
east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's
provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—
emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the
West.
Articles of Confederation: A document, adopted by the
that prevent any branch of the U.S. Government from dominating
the other two branches.
19.
Henry Clay: United States politician responsible for the
Missouri Compromise between free and slave states. He was a
strong supporter of the American System.
Second Continental Congress in 1777 and finally approved by the
states in 1781, that outlined the form of government of the new
United States.
17.
Hamilton vs. Jefferson: -Hamilton supports national bank
and large central government
-Jefferson supports small central government with states having
more control
see chart in textbook.
Anti federalists: An opponent of a strong central government
and wanted the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution.
16.
31.
American System: A program developed by Henry Clay in 1824
to unify the nation.
This economic plan called for a strong national bank ,create a
national currency and a protective tariff.
It also called for internal improvements of roads and canals to
make transportation of crops and materials more efficient
The Federalist: A series of essays defending and explaining the
Constitution, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison,
and John Jay.
Oregon after fighting against Andrew Jackson
13.
Federalism: A political system in which a national government
and constituent units, such as state governments, share power.
states
12.
Executive Branch: The branch of government that administers
and enforces the laws.
and unusual punishment
10.
Electoral College: A group selected by the states to elect the
Constitutional Convention: -met in Philadelphia
-planned to change Articles of Confederation
-created new document which was the Constitution
38.
Legislative Branch: The branch of government that makes
Cotton gin: -Revolutionized the production of cotton especially
39.
Length of citizenship for a U.S. president: Since birth
in the South
-Increased the need for slaves to work on farms
40.
Length of term for U.S. federal judge: Life
laws.
41.
Marbury v. Madison: 1803 case in which the Supreme Court
ruled, by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall, that it had
the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them
unconstitutional; this power came to be known as judicial
review.
42.
45.
Three-Fifths Compromise: The Constitutional Convention's
agreement to count three-fifths of a state's slaves as population
for purposes of representation and taxation.
63.
Trail of Tears: The tragic journey of the Cherokee people from
their home land to Indian territory between 1838 and 1839,
thousands of Cherokees died.
64.
Virginia Plan: Plan for a large central government with
representatives based on the states population. Favored by large
states.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787: A law that established a
66.
XYZ Affair: A 1797 incident in which French officials
Nullification Theory: Ability for states to declare a federal law
Problems (weakenesses) with the Articles of
Ratification: The official approval of the Constitution, or of an
49.
Republic: A government in which the citizens rule through
50.
Republicanism: The belief that government should be based on
51.
Requirement to be a U.S Senator or Representative: U.S.
52.
Requirements for Congress to override a veto: Each house
53.
Roger Sherman: Created the Great Compromise.
54.
Shays's Rebellion: An uprising of debt-ridden Massachusetts
55.
Spoils System: System in which incoming political parties
amendment, by the states.
elected representatives.
the consent of the people.
Citizen, live in the state he or she represents, at least 25 years old
must pass the bill by a 2/3 majority.
farmers protesting increased state taxes.
throw out former government workers and replace them with
their own friends
Structure of government under Articles of
Confederation: -able to declare war
-sign treaties/make alliances
-all states represented equally in Congress
-9 out of 13 states had to agree to make changes
Tariff of Abominations: Tariff passed by Congress in 1828
that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the
South
58.
62.
Whiskey Rebellion: Demonstrates ability for the U.S.
48.
57.
Term length of a U.S. Senator: 6 years
65.
Confederation: - States did not support national issues
- Congress lacked the power to tax which would help pay down
national debt
- Lack of ability to enforce national laws
- No army or navy
- No common currency
- No central court system
56.
61.
each state having the same amount of representatives/votes.
Favored by the small states
null and void if law does not apply to their state
47.
Term length of a Representative: 2 years
New Jersey Plan: Plan for a small central government with
procedure for the admission of new states to the Union.
46.
60.
Movement of capital to Washington D.C.: -wanted support
from the South for the national bank
-proposed by Hamilton
44.
Term length of a president: 4 years
Monroe Doctrine: (1823) A political policy of the United States
by President James Monroe that states the Western Hemisphere
is closed to European interference. It declared that the Western
Hemisphere was off limits to colonization by other powers
43.
59.
Tecumseh: Native American leader who fought against the US
during the War of 1812
government to enforce excise tax within states.
demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats.