STAAR
STAAR PHYSICS
RefeRenCe MATeRIAlS
TM
State of Texas
Assessments of
Academic Readiness
F
Average velocity =
Acceleration =
Acceleration =
displacement
vavg =
change in time
final velocity − initial velocity
2
2
(final velocity) − (initial velocity)
a =
2(displace ment)
(
)(
∆t
v f − vi
a =
change in time
)
(
initial
change
change
Displacement = velocity
+ 1 (acceleration) in time
in time
2
)
∆d
∆t
v f2
− vi2
2∆d
∆d = vi∆t + 1 a∆t 2
2
2
v t2
ac =
r
2
Centripetal acceleration = (tangential velocity)
radius
Net force = (mass)(acceleration)
Work = (force)(distance)
Fnet = ma
W = Fd
τ
Torque = (force)(lever arm)
work
Power =
time
Pythagorean theorem
= Fr
P =
W
t
a2 + b2 = c 2
GRAVITATIOnAl, eleCTRICAl, AnD MAGneTIC fORCeS
Force of gravitational
attraction between =
2 objects
(
universal
gravitation
constant
Force between
2 charged
= Coulomb’s
constant
particles
(
(
(
)
)( (
(
mass of
1st object
)(
mass of
2nd object
distance between
centers of objects
charge of
1st particle
)(
charge of
2nd particle
)
(distance between particles)
2
)
)
2
)
)
Fg = G
( )
( )
Felectric = kC
m1m2
d2
q1q2
d2
Current =
voltage
resistance
Equivalent resistance for resistors in series
Equivalent resistance for resistors in parallel
I =
V
R
R = R1 + R2 + R3 + . . .
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
+ . . .
R
R1
R2
R3
STAAR
STAAR PHYSICS
RefeRenCe MATeRIAlS
TM
State of Texas
Assessments of
Academic Readiness
ENE
1
Kinetic energy = 2 (mass)(velocity)
KE = 1 mv 2
2
2
(
)
acceleration
Gravitational potential energy = (mass) due to gravity (height)
(
spring
Elastic potential energy = 1
2 constant
)(
distance stretched
or compressed
)
PEg = mgh
2
PEelastic = 1 kx 2
2
Energy = (power)(time)
E = Pt
Mechanical energy = kinetic energy + potential energy
ME = KE + PE
KEi + PEi = KE f + PE f
Law of conservation of energy
Momentum = (mass)(velocity)
p = mv
Impulse = (force)(change in time) = (mass)(change in velocity)
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Law of conservation of momentum
(
Heat gained or lost = (mass) specific
heat
J = F ∆t = m∆v
i
)(
change in
temperature
)
i
f
f
Q = mcp∆T
WAVeS AnD lIGHT
Velocity = (frequency)(wavelength)
1
Focal length
=
1
distance to image
Energy = (mass)(speed of light)2
v = fλ
+
1
1
distance to object
f
=
1
di
+
1
do
E = mc 2
STAAR
STAAR PHYSICS
Reference Materials
TM
State of Texas
Assessments of
Academic Readiness
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSIONS
m
s
8
c = speed of light = 3.00 × 10
m
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8
s
G = universal gravitation constant = 6.67 × 10
k
c
= Coulomb’s constant = 8.99 × 10 9
m = mass of Earth = 5.97 × 10
24
E
6
newton (N) =
kg ⋅ m
s
2
joule (J) = N ⋅ m
watt (W) =
J
N⋅m
=
s
s
hertz (Hz) =
cycle
s
−11
C
kg
N⋅m
kg
N⋅m
r = radius of Earth = 6.37 × 10 m
E
2
2
2
2
2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
3
(262)
(267)
7
7B
Actinide Series
Lanthanide Series
140.908
231.036
Protactinium
232.038
Thorium
(227)
Actinium
91
Pa
Ac
Re
144.242
60
Nd
Bohrium
(272)
Bh
107
Rhenium
186.207
75
(145)
61
Pm
Hassium
(270)
Hs
108
Osmium
Os
190.23
76
Ruthenium
101.07
44
Ru
Iron
55.845
Fe
26
8
Silicon
28.086
Si
Uranium
238.029
U
92
Neptunium
(237)
93
Np
Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium
Th
90
Cerium
Lanthanum
89
140.116
La
138.905
59
58
Pr
(271)
Seaborgium
(268)
Sg
Dubnium
Db
Tungsten
Tantalum
106
W
183.84
74
Ta
105
(98)
43
Tc
Manganese
54.938
Mn
25
Molybdenum Technetium
95.96
42
Mo
Chromium
51.996
Cr
24
6
6B
Atomic mass
Symbol
180.948
73
Niobium
92.906
41
Nb
Vanadium
50.942
V
23
5
5B
Ce
57
Lawrencium Rutherfordium
(226)
Radium
104
Rf
Hafnium
103
(223)
Fr
Hf
178.49
Lutetium
Francium
88
87
Lr
Barium
Cesium
174.967
Lu
72
71
Ra
Ba
137.328
Cs
132.905
56
55
Zirconium
91.224
40
Zr
Yttrium
88.906
87.62
Strontium
85.468
Rubidium
Y
39
Sr
38
Rb
37
47.867
Titanium
44.956
Scandium
40.078
Calcium
39.098
Potassium
22
Ti
21
4
4B
Sc
19
3
3B
Ca
20
Sodium
K
24.305
Magnesium
22.990
Mg
12
11
Na
9.012
Beryllium
6.941
Lithium
Li
Be
4
Hydrogen
1.008
2
2A
H
Name
10
11
1B
12
2B
14
4A
15
5A
16
6A
17
7A
(281)
Ds
110
Platinum
Pt
195.085
78
Palladium
106.42
46
Pd
Nickel
58.693
Ni
28
Au
(280)
Rg
111
Gold
196.967
79
Silver
107.868
47
Ag
Copper
63.546
Cu
29
Plutonium
(244)
94
Pu
Samarium
150.36
62
Sm
(247)
Curium
(243)
96
Cm
Americium
95
Am
157.25
Gadolinium
151.964
64
Gd
Europium
63
Eu
Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium
(276)
Mt
109
Iridium
Ir
192.217
77
Rhodium
102.906
45
Rh
Cobalt
58.933
Co
27
9
8B
Hg
Tl
Thallium
204.383
81
Indium
114.818
49
In
Gallium
69.723
Ga
31
Pb
Lead
207.2
82
Tin
118.711
50
Sn
Germanium
72.64
Ge
32
Silicon
28.086
Si
14
Carbon
12.011
C
6
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
83
Antimony
121.760
51
Sb
Arsenic
74.922
As
33
30.974
Phosphorus
P
15
Nitrogen
14.007
N
7
Berkelium
(247)
97
Bk
Terbium
158.925
65
Tb
Californium
(251)
98
Cf
Dysprosium
162.500
66
Dy
Einsteinium
(252)
99
Es
Holmium
164.930
67
Ho
Fermium
(257)
100
Fm
Erbium
167.259
68
Er
Mass numbers in parentheses are those of
the most stable or most common isotope.
Mercury
200.59
80
Cadmium
112.412
48
Cd
Zinc
65.38
Zn
30
Aluminum
26.982
Al
13
Boron
10.812
B
5
Po
Mendelevium
(258)
101
Md
Thulium
168.934
69
Tm
Polonium
(209)
84
Tellurium
127.60
52
Te
Selenium
78.96
Se
34
Sulfur
32.066
S
16
Oxygen
15.999
O
8
At
Rn
Radon
(222)
86
Xenon
131.294
54
Xe
Krypton
83.798
36
Kr
Argon
39.948
18
Ar
Neon
20.180
10
Ne
Helium
Updated Spring 2011
Nobelium
(259)
102
No
Ytterbium
173.055
70
Yb
Astatine
(210)
85
Iodine
126.904
I
53
Bromine
79.904
Br
35
Chlorine
35.453
Cl
17
Fluorine
18.998
F
9
4.003
He
2
Atomic number
1
13
3A
State of Texas
Assessments of
Academic Readiness
18
8A
14
STAAR
1
1A
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
STAAR PHYSICS
Reference Materials
TM