STATISTICS ON BULLYING ADL’s A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE® Institute BULLYING is the repeated actions or threats of action directed toward a person by one or more people who have or are perceived to have more power or status than their target in order to cause fear, distress or harm. BULLYING 28% FORMS OF BULLYING/FREQUENCY 18.3% subject of 17.6% Made fun of, RUMORS BULLIED AT SCHOOL PUSHED, 8% shoved, tripped or spit on 3% toFORCED do things they 6% from activities on purpose didn’t want to do EXCLUDED CALLED NAMES OR INSULTED THREATENED 5% with harm 24% 4.4% 3.6% CYBERBULLIED DURING THEIR LIFETIMES Hinduja and Patchin (2013) SOCIAL MEDIA AND CRUELTY: Of social media-using teens ages 12–17, 15% have been the target of online meanness; 88% have seen someone be mean or cruel on social network sites. INTERNET Results of something that happened on a social network site: • 25% resulted in a face-to-face argument or confrontation with someone • 8% have gotten into a physical fight with someone else • 6% have gotten into trouble at school INSTANT MESSAGES 1.9% 1.5% (Lenhart et.al, 2011) E-MAILS STUDENT AGGRESSORS: 1 in 10 teens reported that they have cyberbullied someone online or by text message. 16% have seen or heard of a friend who bullied others. GAMING Robers et al. (2013) Cox Communications (2009) IDENTITY-BASED BULLYING 70.0% Robers et al. (2013) of students ages 12 to 18 years old reported being TEXT MESSAGES 2.7% property 3% had DESTROYED CYBERBULLYING is the intentional and repeated mistreatment of others through the use of technology, such as computers, cell phones and other electronic devices. CYBERBULLYING AGES 12 TO 18 BULLIED ONLINE of students ages 12 to 18 years old reported being IDENTITY-BASED BULLYING refers to any form of bullying related to the characteristics considered unique to a youth’s identity, such as their race, religion, sexual orientation or physical appearance. 7th–12th grade students were 48% ofSEXUALLY HARASSED. 63.5% 60.0% 50.0% Of these students 44% were sexually harassed in person and 30% electronically. Many experienced sexual harassment both in person and electronically (i.e., text, email, social networking site or other electronic means). 43.9% 40.0% Hill and Kearl (2011) 30.0% 16.3% 20.0% 12.5% 10.0% 0.0% Sexual Orientation Kosciw et. al (2011) Gender Expression Religion Gender LGBT STUDENTS 8.1% Race or Ethnicity 6.2% Disability 71.3% HEARD HOMOPHOBIC REMARKS frequently or often at school 64% VERBALLY HARASSED 27% PHYSICALLY HARASSED at school in the past year Kosciw et. al (2011) REPORTING 47% OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOLD NOBODY AT ALL Not telling anyone is a trend that becomes more pronounced as students get older (18% in 3rd grade to 47% in 12th). (Olweus & Limber 2010) BULLIED, NOTIFIED AN ADULT 40% after a school incident ALLIES vs. BYSTANDERS 26% after an online incident CYBERBULLIED, NOTIFIED AN ADULT Robers (2013) • 44% of students who witnessed a bullying incident ignored it. • 24% of students who witnessed an incident made fun of the victim. • 30% of students told an adult after witnessing another student being bullied. REASONS STUDENTS KEEP SILENT • • • • • 44% of students witnessing a bullying incident asked the aggressor to stop. Negative messages about ‘tattling” and “snitching” Gender stereotypes Fear of retaliation Don’t think adults will handle well (won’t get better, won’t do anything, etc.) • 80% of social media-using teens ages 12–17 say they have defended the victim. • 79% of social media-using teens have told the other person to stop being mean and cruel. Kowalski, et al. (2012) • 90% of social-media using teens who have witnessed online cruelty say they have ignored mean behavior. 35% have done so frequently. • 21% of social-media using teens reported joining in when witnessing online cruelty. Davis and Nixon (2010) and Lenhart (2011) TECHNOLOGY/USE IMPACT 93% HAVE A COMPUTER OR ACCESS TO ONE of teens 12 to 17 years old • 95% go online; 70% go online daily. • 80% are users of social media sites such as Facebook. MOST COMMON BEHAVIORS AMONGST YOUTH WHO ARE BULLIED ARE: • smoking cigarettes (21%) • drinking alcohol • using illegal drugs • sexual activity (35%) • 78% have cell phones and 74% are mobile internet users, accessing the internet via cell phones, tablets, etc. • Sending text messages (78%) and taking pictures with cell phones (74%) are the most popular weekly activities on phones. Parents of teens who are social media and cell phone users have had conversations with their teens about safe and risky online practices. Parents say they monitor/manage their child’s online experiences by: • “friending” their child on social media networks (80%) • checking the websites they have visited (77%) • using parental controls or other means of blocking or filtering on the internet (54%) • using parental controls to restrict their child’s use of a cell phone (34%) DIGITAL ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONGST YOUTH: • Targets are more apt to have received treatment from a mental health professional (14% vs. 5% of others) and are more apt to have considered suicide (also 14% v. 5%). Data based on youth ages 14–24 MTV and AP (2011) MAIN EFFECTS OF CYBERBULLYING Engaged Students ages 11–19: Target Aggressor in Both Depression 14.18% 15.91% 17.84% Anxiety 11.82% 13.55% 18.69% Number of school abscences 5.14% 7.70% 7.85% Lenhart et al (2011) and Madden et al (2013) Kowalski, et al. (2012) Sources: Davis, S., and Nixon, C. (2010). “Youth Voice Research Project,” Preliminary results. PA: Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. on Social Network Sites. DC: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project. Hill, C. and Kearl, H. 2011. Crossing the Line: Sexual Harassment at School. DC: American Association of University Women. Madden, M., Lenhart, A., Dugan, M. et al. 2013. Teens and Technology. DC: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project. Hinduja, S. and Patchin, J. 2013. Lifetime Cyberbullying Victimization Rates. Cyberbullying Research Center. Kowalski, R.M, and Limber, S.P. 2013. “Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying.” Journal of Adolescent Health 53. Kosciw, J. Greytak, E.A., Bartkiewicz, M.J. Boesen, M.J., and Palmer, N.A. 2012. The 2011 National School Climate Survey: The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth in Our Nation’s Schools. NY: Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network. Lenhart, A., Madden, M., et al. 2011. Teens, Kindness and Cruelty MTV and The Associated Press. 2011 and 2013. The Digital Abuse Study 2011 and 2013. Robers, S., Kemp J., and Truman, J. 2013. Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2012. DC: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Olweus, D., and Limber. 2010. Olweus Bullying Questionnaire. Cox Communications and National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. 2009. Teen Online & Wireless Safety Survey. Atlanta: Cox Communications. adl.org/combatbullying • Visit for more information on bullying. • Download resources for educators, youth, parents and families. • Be an Ally. Stop Bullying. Anti-Defamation League Tel. 212-885-7700 education@adl.org www.adl.org/education © 2014 Anti-Defamation League