Year 10 Biology Terms and Definitions
Genetics Terms
Characteristic
Nucleus
Homozygous
Chromosome
DNA
Gene
Allele
Heterozygous
Genotype
Phenotype
Dominant
Recessive
Sex chromosome
Variation
Natural Selection
Evolution
Habitat
Adaptation
Structural Adaptation
Functional Adaptation
Behavioural
Adaptation
Definitions
Features of organisms e.g eye colour, leaf shape
Cell control centre containing chromosomes
Both copies of alleles are the same e.g. BB or bb
Thread -like structure in cell nucleus, made of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Section of a chromosome that codes for a characteristic
An alternative/different form of a particular gene eg a recessive
form or a dominant form.
Two different alleles present e.g. Bb
The genes an organism possesses
How the genes are expressed, i.e. what an organism looks like
An allele that shows up in the phenotype if it is present in the
genotype
An allele that only shows up in the phenotype if it is
homozygous in the genotype
X or Y chromosome
Differences in a particular characteristic of an organism which
make each organism unique
Process by which organisms which have favourable
characteristics survive in a particular habitat and reproduce
Change in the characteristics of an organism over time
The place where an organism lives
Characteristics of an organism which enable it to survive in its
particular habitat
Adaptations which refer to the shape and size of the organism
and how various parts of its body are put together
Adaptations which refer to the workings of an organisms body
Adaptations that are to do with how the organism behaves
The Body
Body Terms
Trachea
bronchi
lung
alveoli
cilia
epiglottis
larynx
artery
capillary
vein
valves
Definitions
A tube reinforced by rings of cartilage that goes from the larynx to the
bronchial tubes to carry air to and from the lungs.
Two main branches of the trachea that go into the lungs.
Spongy organ in the chest cavity where oxygen is absorbed into the
blood and carbon dioxide is removed.
Tiny, delicate air sacs in the lungs where gases are exchanged.
Tiny hairs that line the tubes that have air flowing through them.
A flap at the base of the tongue, which is goes down during swallowing
to cover the opening of the windpipe.
The voice box. It contains vocal chords which produce sound.
Muscular elastic tubes that carry blood away from the heart.
The smallest blood vessels in the body. It is from here that substances
move into and out of the blood from the surrounding cells.
Tubes that carry blood away from the heart.
Flaps that ensure blood flows in one direction in the heart.