www.corrections.go.kr
The Korea Correctional Service
makes safe and just society
A beautiful
window
A rough and thick wall and a small window,
bearing the sky full of hope, wait for today for a better tomorrow
With a beautiful window to the world, the Korea Correctional Service is with you.
Corrections in Korea
12_ Organization of Korea Correctional Service
28_ Inmate Treatment.
38_ Correctional program.
46_ Social Reintegration Support.
59_ History and Statistics of Correctional Administration
The correctional administration of Republic of Korea has been constantly innovated
itself, keeping pace with changes of the times including the rapid economic
development and advancement in democracy in the country. As a result, it could
achieve the firm status and well-organized system of today.
Korea Correctional Service has revised the "Sentence Execution Act" to realize the
advanced rule of law for fairer and happier society, increased the number of modern
and systemized correctional facilities, and started to operate private correctional
institutions and self-governing correctional institutions to help inmates' successful
reintegration into society. It also has dramatically improved the inmate treatment
system by providing various forms of family relationship recovery programs for
inmates and supporting them with starting a business and landing a job. In addition,
the organization is striving to execute justice and realize "correction without
accidents," help promote the expertise of correctional officers, and establish a sound
organizational culture centered on trust, all of which are part of its effort to achieve
the "people-centered and warm-hearted correctional service."
Korea Correctional Service will not settle for the present achievements and make
progress to carry out its missions given by the nation and its citizens, "being an
organization for inmates' reformation and correction" and "being the last resort for
defense of society."
Thank you.
Commissioner of Korea Correctional Service
An Dong-Ju
4
Korea Correcional Service
The Minister
of Justice
The Vice Minister of Justice
Central Committee for Meal Providing
Department of Correctional
Staff Training
Judging Committee for Parole
Commissioner of Korea
Correctional Service
Regional Corrections
Headquarters (4)
Director
General for Correctional Policy
Director
General for Security Policy
Correctional Institution (31)
General Affairs & Planning Division
Security Division
Detention Center (11)
Vocational Training Division
Classification &
Examination Division
Branch (3)
Social Reintegration Division
Health Care Division
Juvenile Correctional Institution (1)
Welfare Division
Correctional Institution for Vocational Training (2)
Open Correctional Institution (1)
Women's Correctional Institution (1)
Private Correctional Institution (1)
Corrections in Korea 2011 5
There are four divisions in the Correctional Policy Bureau and three divisions in the Security Policy Bureau in Korea Correctional Service under the direction of the
commissioner. It has four Regional Corrections Headquarters(Seoul, Daegu, Daejeon, and Gwangju) and 51 correctional institutions(including one private correctional
institution).
Correctional Policy
General Affairs & Planning Division Making overall plans on correctional administration, personnel management, staff training, inspections, public relations, and international cooperation
Vocational Training Division Establishment and implementation of plans on vocational training, support for starting a business or employment, vocational training,
special accounting of correctional administration
Social Reintegration Division Providing rehabilitation programs and inmate education, correctional officials, operating a prison broadcasting network
Welfare Division Administration of budget, management of the facilities, general accounting, establishment of budget plans, management of supplies
Security Policy
Security Division Protection, consultation, transportation, custody, emergency training, electronic security, managing security apparatuses.
Classification & Examination Division
Parole preparation, classification treatment, maintenance of correction-related legislation, management of inmate petitions,
management of affairs related with inmates' human rights and transportation
Health Care Division Inmates' healthcare management, medical and pharmaceutical treatment for inmates, medical checkup, prevention of diseases
6
Korea Correcional Service
Commissioner
Korea Correctional Service
Director - General
for Correctional Policy
Director
General Affairs &
Planning Division
Director
Vocational Training
Division
Director
Social Reintegration
Division
Seoul
Regional Commissioner
Director
Welfare Division
Daegu
Regional Commissioner
Director - General
for Security Policy
Director
Security Division
Daejeon
Regional Commissioner
Director
Classification &
Examination Division
Director
Health Care Division
Gwangju
Regional Commissioner
Corrections in Korea 2011 7
8
Korea Correcional Service
The new symbol of Korea Correctional Service is that a duck hawk that is holding a shield and soaring
up to the sky. It represents the goal of Korea Correctional Service that will do its best to help inmates
reintegrate to the society successfully and protect security for the society through advanced
correctional service.
The Symbol
of Korea Correctional Service
Emblem for Breast
Emblem attached to KCS
Correctional Sign Emblem
Emblem for Hats
Commander Emblem
Correctional Badge
Corrections in Korea 2011 9
Correctional official should wear
uniform specified in the law which
makes identity of Korea Correctional
Service higher development level and
give correctional officials high responsibility and sense of unity.
There are ceremonial uniform, formal
uniform, duty uniform and task force
uniform.
10
Korea Correcional Service
There are 10 classes of the hierarchy rank, and there are 3 kinds of medals.
High ranking officials and Superintendent Generals use the medal of Taegeuk-Mugunghwa
Mark of Honor for continuous service
which has 5 connected Mugunghwa in the pentagonal shape at the center of a Taegeuk medal.
Chief Superintendent, Superintendent, Superintendent Officer, Chief Inspector, Inspector and
Inspector Probationer use the medal of Mugunghwa which has a Taegeuk medal at the center.
Senior Corrections Officer, Corrections Officer and Corrections Officer Probationer use a medal
that Mugunghwa leaves are arranged around the Taegeuk medal.
Medal of Taegeuk-Mugunghwa
4 medals : Commissioner of Korea Correctional Service
3 medals : Director-General for Correctional Policy, Director-General for Security Policy
Director-General of Correctioner Training of Legal Research and Training Institute
2 medals : Commissioner (high ranking official)
1 medal : Superintendent General
Medal of sincerity
Officer over 10 years of
continuous service
Medal of devotion
Officer over 20 years of
continuous service
Medal of Loyalty
Officer over 30 years of
continuous service
Medal for the anniversary
Medal of Mugunghwa
4 medals : Chief Superintendents
3 medals : Superintendents, Superintendent probationer
2 medals : Chief Inspector
1 medal : Inspector, Inspector probatione
Medal of Mugunghwa leaf
3 leafs medal : Senior Correctional Officer
2 leafs medal : Correctional Officer, Correctional Officer probationer
Medal for
the 60th anniversary of
correctional service
Medal for
operating advanced
correctional system
Corrections in Korea 2011 11
Korea Correctional Service is
justice to protect the society.
Korea Correctional Service are conduting advanced correctional
administration for inmate's successful correction and reintegration to
the society with trust and passion
Corrections in Korea 2011 13
Sok-cho CI
Uijeongbu CI
Chuncheon CI
Gangneung CI
Sungdong DC
Incheon DC
Seoul DC
Seoul Nambu DC
Seoul RCH
Seoul Nambu CI
Wonju CI
Anyang CI
Training Institute
Hwasung CI for VT
Yeoju CI
Suwon DC
Somang PI
Pyongtack B
Chungju DC
Cheonan OpenCI
Yeong-wol CI
Cheonan CI
Andong CI
Seosan B
Cheongju CI
Cheongju Women's CI
Hongsung CI
Gongju CI
Daejeon RCH
Daejeon CI
Nonsan B
GyeongbukBukbu 3rd CI
GyeongbukBukbu 2nd CI
Gyeongbuk CI for VT
GyeongbukBukbu 1st CI
Sang-ju CI
Kimcheon Juvenile CI
Daegu DC
Kunsan CI
Daegu CI
Jeonju CI
Kyungju CI
Korea Correctional Service is composed of 4 Regional
Corrections Headquarters and 51 frontline institutions
(including one private correctional institution) which are
located throughout the nation.
Daegu RCH
Ulsan DC
Jungeup CI
Mil-yang DC
Gwangju RCH
Gwangju CI
Mokpo CI
Jangheung CI
Suncheon CI
Seoul
Seoul RCH (15)
Correctional Institution (10)
- including one private correctional institution
Detention Center (5)
Branch (1)
Pohang CI
Busan DC
Busan CI
Changwon CI
Jinju CI
Tongyoung DC
Daegu
Korea
Correctional
Service
Daejeon
RCH - Regional Corrections Headquarters
CI - Correctional Institution
Haenam CI
DC - Detention Center
B - Branch
Training Institute
Jeju CI
Daegu RCH (17)
Correctional Institution (12)
Detention Center (5)
Gwangju
CI & DC expected to open
PI - Private Correctional Institution
CI for VT - Correctional Institution for Vocational Training
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Korea Correcional Service
Gwangju RCH (8)
Correctional Institution(8)
Daejeon RCH (10)
Correctional Institution (7)
Detention Center (1)
Branch (2)
Korea Correctional Service has Regional Corrections Headquarters as its intermediate watchdog to support Correctional
Institutions more efficiently and to control and supervise them. Regional Corrections Headquarters are located in the 4 major
cities - Seoul(Central area), Daejoeon(Chungcheong area), Gwangju(Honam area), Daegu(Yeongnam rea), and they are composed
of such 5 divisions as General Affairs Division, Security Division, Vocational Training Division, Health Care Classification Division,
Social Reintegration Division.
Corrections in Korea 2011 15
A correctional institution is a place where sentenced inmates are housed. There are a total of 37 correctional institutions including one open
correctional institution, one women's correctional institution, one juvenile correctional institution, two correctional institutions for vocational
training, and one private correctional institution(Somang Correctional Institution). These institutions provide various correctional education
programs, reformational programs and vocational training for inmates to help them return to society as responsible citizens after their service.
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Korea Correcional Service
A detention center is a place where unsentenced inmates are housed for trial. After Seoul Detention Center was built in July 1967 as the first detention
center, 10 more centers have been established. As of today, there are a total of 11 detention centers in the country. In particular, Suwon Detention Center,
Incheon Detention Center, Ulsan Detention Center, and Daegu Detention Center were constructed as high-rise buildings located at the center of the city
in consideration of the city environment, distance to the prosecutors' office, and citizens' accessibility.
Corrections in Korea 2011 17
Correctional Officials are composed of Correctional positions, Correctional Education positions, Classification positions as
general government officials, Privileged government position official and technical official.
There are 15,227 correctional officials including general position 14,521, privileged position 120 and technical position 586.
Total 16,000 officials including Defense Guard Company are working in correctional institutions in Korea.
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Korea Correcional Service
Correction Officers
Classification Officers
Correction officers are uniformed prison officers who are
Classification Officers are ununiformed prison officers who play
hierarchically ranked ranging from high-level officers to low-
a critical role in facilitating inmates' successful return to society
level warders. Their main tasks are categorized into security
by evaluating inmates' correctional records and qualification for
affairs including ensuring security and safe custody and bringing
parole. They also establish plans for treatment for individual
inmates to court and general affairs including vocational
inmate and analyze and assess his or her personality, behavioral
training, management of inmates' records and welfare, and
characteristics and talents.
management of civil complaints and petitions. In addition, the
officers handle overall correctional affairs by conducting various
Defense Guard Battalion
correctional programs in an efficient way and creating a
Defense Guard Battalion are placed according to the official
favorable environment for inmate treatment.
appointment process after completing basic training from army
training camps in accordance with the article 24 of the military
Reformation Officers
service law. They are stationed at Correctional Institutions after
Reformation officers are ununiformed prison officers
taking 2-week training in the Correctioner Training of Legal
responsible for educating inmates. They provide services like
Research and Training Institute. Their main duty are guarding
academic education, moral education, religious education, and
correctional facilities and security duty. The size of the Security
counselling for inmates. They also solve inmates' difficulties,
Unit has decreased since 2006 due to the declining military
manage their letters and writings, manage field trips and leaves
solider so it is scheduled to be closed completely in 2012.
from the service, and protect discharged inmates and help them
find a job in society.
CRPT
CRPT(Correctional Rapid Patrol Team) consists of 5-6
experts in martial arts and inspection, works with existing
rapid patrol teams, quickly responses to emergency
situations including commotions and riots, maintains order in
correction facilities through regulating order violation.
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Korea Correcional Service
To protect human rights of inmates against the CRPT activities, education programs was
established newly in the Correction Department of Legal Research & Training Institute in 2010 to
train CRPT members about laws and human rights to enforce human rights protection of
inmates codes, regulations and case studies to upgrade operational capabilities.
CRPT members would have attitudes based on sense of duty hrough this training. Patrol team
will be operated in connection with the "team-based security service system" which is to be
expanded gradually in the future.
Team Security System
To achieve effective correction management, team security system integrates and
manages distributed numerous single works into team unit and utilize common approach
to solve issues based on sharing responsibilities. The team system will be operated by
detention management, field support and administration support by considering feature
and procedures. The team security system is applied to daytime shift in workdays
(08:00~18:00) and night shift and weekend operations are done by management team
leader (currently, duty officer). After first introduced in Hwaseong Correctional Institution
for Vocational Training in 2009, the team-based system was adopted by correctional
institutions in Chuncheon, Daegu, Daejon, and Mokpo in the same year. In 2010, Seoul
Detention Center, GyeongbukBukbu 2nd Correctional Institution and Gongju Correctional
Institution began operating the system. It will be gradually expanded to other correctional
institutions in the future.
Corrections in Korea 2011 21
Korea Correctional Service has been leading constant changes and innovation. It is
trying to live up to the expectation of citizens and society by operating a private
correctional institution, opening a correctional institution under inmates' self-governing
system, installing an electronic security system, and implementing an automatic doorlocking system in the lobby and an integrated prison broadcasting network.
After the enactment and announcement of "Act on Establishment and Operation of a Private Correctional
Institution" in January 2000, Korea Correctional Service contracted the operation of Somang Correctional Institution
out to Agape and officially opened the institution in December 2010 in Waryong-ri, Buknae-myeon, Yeoju-gun,
Gyeonggi Province. Somang Correctional Institution is open for those with one or two criminal records, male
inmates aged between 20 and 60, and those with one year or more to serve among the inmates sentenced for
seven years or less(excluding organized violence-related offenders and drug offenders). With the capacity of 300
inmates, the institution provides various correctional programs including fathers' school, mothers' school and
Agape's regular education course and vocational training classes for wood processing for interior design,
manufacturing a paper bag, etc. It offers correctional programs focusing on respecting inmates' human rights,
rebuilding the relationship between inmates' family and society, and bringing inner change to inmates, with the
help of mentors and volunteers. In this way, Somang Correctional Institution is doing its best to reform inmates and
help them successfully return to society.
In February 2011, the correctional institution operated under inmates self-governing system was opened to provide
inmates showing good behavior with an opportunity to implement the autonomy in prison and help them better
adapt to society after being released. Under the system, inmates are empowered to organize a self-governing
council, call the roll, and carry out nightduty on their own. In addition, they can enjoy after-work activities including
religious activities, distribute food by themselves, greet visiting family members in an open place for better
fellowship, and run education courses for various licenses in preparation for their after-prison lives. In other words,
the management of inmates is no longer centered on control but on liberal autonomy.
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Korea Correcional Service
Correctional institutions have installed an electronic security system out of the fear that inmates can have
Korea Correctional Service has propelled "automatic control system of correction facilities gates" since
less alertness in the absence of security officers. Under this system, various sensors are installed to
2008. This project is to install electronic locking to the door and control gates through remote control. This
prevent inmates' escape from the prison and outsiders' invasion, and an uninterruptible power supply was
system gains good response from operators because the system frees them from opening and closing
also installed in preparation for power outage or any disorders.
gates for tens or hundreds times a day.
Corrections in Korea 2011 23
24
Korea Correcional Service
On June 11th 2008, Korea Correctional Service of the Ministry of Justice established a prison
broadcasting center for inmates in an effort to integrate prison broadcasting networks individually
operated by each correctional institution. It was designed to encourage inmates to reflect on
themselves and have a will to start afresh and offers four channels for general affairs, females,
education, and radio in consideration of the characteristics of inmates. The center selects and
broadcasts contents like educational programs, documentaries, soap operas, sports shows,
entertainments, and movies optimal for education and emotional development of inmates.
Programs like "video letter for the recovery of family relationship," "documentary on discharged
inmates' successful resocialization,""video programs for law compliance," and "instruction for
reading books" are broadcast to the correctional institutions via internet for six hours during
weekdays and 11 hours on weekends.
Prison Radio Broadcasting
Video Letter for the Recovery of Family Relationship
Korea Correctional Service established a prison radio network for
"Video letter for the recovery of family relationship" is a program where
correctional programs which not only inmates but also their families and
inmates and their families exchange messages through video to highlight
ordinary citizens can enjoy. It was designed to create a forum where
the importance of family and promote understanding and forgiveness
inmates can communicate with the world outside the jail. "We Make Hope
between inmates and their family members and thereby help discharged
Together" is on air at every noon for one hour, introducing various stories
inmates successfully return to society. Inmates show how they are doing
and messages from inmates and their families along with songs they
and talk about their children and memories with their family members
request. Inmates can request songs or their stories to be broadcast
through the video letter. In response, their families send them messages
through the prison broadcasting center and families of inmates and
of consolation and encouragement and words they could not deliver
citizens through the website of "Prison Radio." Various radio shows help
otherwise.
inmates rebuild a sound family relationship and provide inmates with
information necessary for successful return to society by awakening their
emotion and building their character.
Corrections in Korea 2011 25
Putting the first button on the right hole with earnest mind
Education training for Correctional Officials are operated by the correctional training
division of the Judicial Training Institute. It takes responsibilities of training new officials,
existing officials and security staff. Other than training function, it performs various kinds
of research functions related to the correctional administration.
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Korea Correcional Service
Basic
Education
course
Professional
Education
course
Cybereducation
program
5 courses
43 courses
141 courses
Korea Correctional Service has been actively participating in international conferences and
signing an agreement with various international organizations in order to learn from the
advanced correctional systems and raise national competitiveness in the field of
correctional administration.
To meet the change in correction environment including increasing number of foreigners and establishing advanced correction policies in the
global era, international interchange becomes more important to get understanding and information foreign correctional administration.
APCCA(Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administration)
APCCA is a conference where correctional administrators discuss common interests on correctional administration and seek for solutions. The 30th APCCA
was held in Canada with 160 officers from 23 countries attended.
ICPA(International Corrections and Prisons Association)
Correctional officers around the world formed the association in 1998 to share and discuss information and policies on correctional administration. The 12th
ICPA held in Belgium in 2010 was attended by around 500 officers from 75 countries including Canada.
Japanese-Korean Correctional Official’s Judo & Kendo Friendship Game
Each country organizes the competition every other year for friendship and exchange on correctional administration. The 2010 competition was held in japan
and 23 korean officials and athletes took part in to enhance friendship.
Korea-Mongolia MOU for International Cooperation
In May 2011, Korea and Mongolia signed a Memorandum Of Understanding to promote mutual exchanges and cooperation on correctional administration,
implement a joint project for improvement of correctional administration, and exchange information on correctional programs.
APCCA
ICPA
Korea-Mongolia MOU for International Cooperation
Japanese-Korean Correctional Official’s Judo & Kendo Friendship Game
Corrections in Korea 2011 27
We practice warm
correctional administration.
Korea Correctional Service help inmates prepare for new life with warm care
and provide stable environment.
Corrections in Korea 2011 29
The Ministry of Justice is executing a classification treatment scheme to provide inmates with individually-
Inmate treatment
tailored correctional programs. In addition, the ministry provides remedy for inmates in case of unreasonable
treatment or violation of their human rights.
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Korea Correcional Service
Inmate treatment
Classification Examination Classification examination is
categorized into the classification investigation on individual
inmate's personal information including childhood, background,
adjudication. If the inmate got damage caused by illegal
acts of correctional officials, the inmate could claim
damages against the correctional institution. And if such
violation of rights has enough reasons to become a criminal
case, the inmate could file a charge.
and criminal records and the classification tests including
character, intelligence and aptitude test. Each inmate is given a
Operation of Inmates' Difficulties Treatment Team
relevant classification grade and is housed in a different section
improvement in his or her behavior and attitude.
Inmates' Difficulties Treatment Team was organized to find
any problems or difficulties inmates have in advance and
help solve them. Professional counsellors help inmates
lead a stable life in the prison by providing them with an indepth consultation.
Relief system
for the rights of inmates
Correctional Facility
for Foreign Inmates
Talk with warden Inmate could get a direct talk with warden
Amid globalization, the number of foreign inmates had doubled
for advice or help in the event of infringement on rights or
from 643 in 2005 to 1,311 in July 2011. In particular, the number of
personal matters.
inmates from European countries are also in the rise. Korea
according to the result of classification examination. Regular and
irregular reexaminations are also conducted to adjust the
classification garde of each inmate in accordance with the
Correctional Service designated Daejeon Correctional Institution
Petition When an inmate has complaints about his unfair
and Cheonan Correctional Institution for foreign inmates. KCS
treatment in a correctional institution, he/she could ask
employed officials who can speak foreign languages fluently such
circulatory inspection staffers or head of regional corrections
as Chinese, Russian, to communicate with foreign inmates.
headquarters to take proper actions. Warden should not open a
The customized reform programs considering cultural
written petition and deliver a written decision for that petition to
featuresare expected to treat foreign inmates better, cut budgets
the petitioner without delay.
and lower overpopulation by effective shifting functions of
correction facilities.
Filing a Petition to National Human Rights Commission of Korea and Human Rights Bureau of the
Ministry of Justice If inmates are not satisfied with the
Implementation of
Inmates' Self-governing System
treatment they are given or have any complaints, they can file a
written or verbal petition to National Human Rights Commission
In February 2011, Youngwol Correctional Institution, a prison
of Korea or Human Rights Bureau of the Ministry of Justice.
operated under inmates°Ø self-governing system, was opened to
empower inmates to organize a self-governing council, call the
Administrative adjudication and lawsuit When inmate
roll, and carry out nigh duty on their own. Under the system, the
is not satisfied with a talk with warden or the results of
petition, the inmate could file an administrative
management of inmates is no longer centered on control but on
autonomy to help inmates successfully return to society.
Corrections in Korea 2010 31
We will continue to improve facilities and make a good prison environment by
Prison environment
modernizing heating and flush toilet and upgrading clothes and meals.
That protects inmates emotional stability and their human rights.
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Korea Correcional Service
Correctional Facilities and Lobbies
environment-friendly way and form a close relationship with the
Korea Correctional Service has changed the outdated hallway-
local community by installing sports facilities within the
heating system in correctional institutions into hot-water or
institutions.
electric heating system and installed a sink within the lobby to
create a fresh and pleasant environment for inmates. It is also
Clothing and Dietary Life
building automatic door system in the lobby and the main gate in
Korea Correctional Sevice has changed the colors of 26 types of
preparation for emergent situations such as fire. The authority
prisoners' uniforms into bright and fresh colors like brown and
opened Haenam Correctional Institution, Youngwol Correctional
beige and redesigned them in consideration of inmates' physical
Institution, and Milyang Detention Center and established
features and seasonal characteristics. It redesigned the uniform
Sangju Correctional Institution and Jeongeup Correctional
as a zip jumper with cotton lining to help inmates have outdoor
Institution to tackle the issue of lack of capacity in lockups in
activities like meeting with family, exercise, and rallies without
police stations where inmates are housed under poor conditions
suffering from cold during winter. Every quarter, Central
so their human rights are often violated. In addition, it will
Commission for Meal Plan makes and offers a standard diet for
constantly make efforts to improve the medical care
inmates considering the quantity of food and daily required
environment for inmates by extending the medical center
nutrition. The authority has also prepared the measures to
building, replacing old equipment, expanding facilities for
prevent and manage food poisoning to secure food safety and
hemodialysis. In the long run, it is planning to establish a
hygiene within the prison and ensures that the grade and a place
correctional institution for medical treatment and build a more
of origin of livestock are checked. In these ways, the organization
scientific and well-organized medical care system within the
provides inmates with quality meals and help them manage
institutions by establishing a medical correctional institution. It
their health and build up their physical strength.
also tries to establish correctional institutions in an
Korea Correctional Service provides various ways of communication for inmates such as telephone call, on-line
Outside contact
vistitation system, writing letters and reception. This enables inmates to strengthen emotional bond with their
family and maintain a stable life in prison.
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Korea Correcional Service
Remote Video Visitation
Telephone Calls and Visitation Reservation Program
In 2000, remote video visitation system was first introduced in
Sound Recording and
Video Recording System for Visitation
Yeoju Correctional Institution and Gimcheon Juvenile
Sound recording and video recording system was adopted and
family or friends with monthly limitation. Other inmates
Correctional Institution to ease inconveniencies of inmates
has been implemented during the meeting between inmates
including unsentenced prisoners can make contact with the
whose families live far from the correctional institutions and
and visitors without officers unattended. It wad designed to help
outside world in case of natural disasters or inevitable
have difficulties in visiting them. Since then, the two institutions
inmates and their visitors feel free to talk to each other without
circumstances under the approval of the head of the
have been making most of the system and expanded the
minding officers.
correctional institution. In addition, families can make a
Exemplary inmates are allowed to make phone calls to their
necessary facilities and equipment. As a result, the number of
reservation for visiting inmates through telephone or internet.
use of the system has increased every year, marking 159,144 in
Owing to this program, visitors can meet inmates at the
2010.
promised date and time and do not need to waste time.
Corrections in Korea 2011 35
Medical treatment
We do medical examination for inmates and hemodialysis room as well as tele-medicine system.
We are doing our every effort for early detection of diseases and just-in-time treatment with medical experts
in correctional facilities. Medical check up makes inmates healthier in correctional institutions.
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Korea Correcional Service
Operation of a Hemodialysis Room
A hemodialysis room was established in Anyang Correctional
Institution in 2008 and Daejon Correction Institution in 2009 to
ease inconveniencies of an increasing number of hemodialysis
patients in prison who had to visit hospitals for treatment. About
and 16 partner hospitals formed a basis for multilateral
remote medical treatment, inmates can enjoy an upgraded
medical service with a wider selection of treatment divisions
and hospitals. The system will be further expanded to other
correctional institutions across the country.
management. Inmates take physical examination every year by
external medical institution for better health management.
Propelling the Establishment of
a Correctional Institution for Medical Treatment
In 2009, a modern-style medical center equipped with 47 patient
26 patients are provided with hemodialysis treatment in the
beds, good ventilation and lighting was established in Daejon
be moved to Southern Seoul Correctional Institution and
Health management and
medical treatment for inmates
expanded, and the facility will be additionally established in two
Doctor and nurses are responsible for patients treatment and
in prison. Such a facility will be also built in SeoulNambu
correctional institutions.
health management in correctional institutions. Sick inmates can
Correctional Institution in 2011, Busan Correctional Institution in
get intensive treatment in medical ward. If they need special
2013, and Gwangju Correctional Institution in 2014 to provide
Remote Video Medical Treatment System
treatment outside correctional institution, they would be taken to
proper treatment and aftercare services for inmates with chronic
In order to respond to inmates' increasing demand for
treatment in outside hospitals, Korea Correctional Service
had built a remote video medical treatment system in 13
correctional institutions from 2005 to 2010 and invited
doctors from outside hospitals. As 16 correctional institutions
outside hospital for better medical treatment.
disease. In addition, the authority is planning to establish a
facility. a hemodialysis room in Anyang Correctional Institution will
Correctional Institution to create a fresh environment for patients
correctional institution specially designed for medical treatment in
Physical examination in external medical institution
the Seoul metropolitan area to provide surgical patients, critical
We take blood test and AIDS test for new inmates for early
patients, and mentally ill patients with comprehensive and
detection of diseases , cutting infectious diseases and health
systematic medical service.
Corrections in Korea 2011 37
Dream and hope
through learning.
Education programs ranging from basic courses to university-level courses and
various correctional programs including religious activities, cultural activities, artistic
activities and rehabilitative programs enable inmates to find their true self-identity.
Hope for the future and the door to opportunity are open all the time for inmates.
Corrections in Korea 2011 39
Correctional &
educational program
Correctional institutions provide quality educational environment
to inmates and help them to see the fruit of their efforts in several
national-certified exams. and self degree program. Having been
Academic Programs
Open University Course
Correctional institutions provide inmates with
Yeoju Correctional Institution, Jeonju Correctional
academic programs for elementary, junior and senior
Institution, Cheongju Women's Correctional Institution,
high school courses. Inmates who completed the
and Pohang Correctional Institution are implementing
course or are considered to achieve a certain level of
an open university course in connection with the school
education are allowed to take a school qualification
diploma course, open high school course and junior
exam administered by the School Diploma Qualification
college course.
Committee twice a year.
Foreign Language Education
Entrusted College Education
Korea Correctional Service has been making
Juseong College and Cheongam University are
strenuous efforts to teach inmates foreign languages
entrusted by Cheongju Correctional Institution and
and Chinese characters which are very useful in their
Suncheon Correctional Institution respectively to run
daily lives. While the foreign language education center
academic courses for university diploma to help
was established in Euijeongbu Correctional Institution
inmates build professional skills and find a job after
for English and Japanese education, Chinese courses
striven for the rehabilitation of drug and sexual offenders throuth
being discharged and contribute to preventing
were opened for inmates in Yeoju and Mokpo
education to enable them to have a stable social life.
reoccurrence of the same crimes.
Correctional Institution. Inmates in these facilities are
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Korea Correcional Service
provided with specialized education on English, Japanese and
information era of today, the authority has installed a computer
Correctional Institution as intensive education centers for drug
Chinese.
lab and personal computers in the correctional institutions
offenders and provide them with professional rehabilitative
across the country. Every year, around 300 professors and
programs. Especially, inmates actively participating in the
Character Education
lecturers from 54 universities educate about 25,000 inmates to
programs are given an opportunity of parole.
Since 2007, each correctional institution has been
prevent and reduce the digital gab between inmates and
implementing a character education program, an entirely
citizens in society.
Operation of a Correction and
Psychological Therapy Center
help inmates build upright character and positive mindset.
Rehabilitative Program for Drug Offenders
Correctional institutions provide 40-hour correctional education
Universities and other professional organizations are entrusted
Correctional institutions are providing rehabilitative programs
for every sex offender. Six institutions designated as intensive
to offer character education including sensitivity training and
for drug offenders to help them realize the seriousness of drug
education centers for sex offenders offer a 100-hour intensive
relationship recovery program to maximize the educational
addiction and build a sound mindset and thereby lead them to
program for child sex offenders. In particular, the authority will
impact on inmates.
successfully return to society. The authority understood that
establish a correction and psychological therapy center with the
even first-time drug offenders need systematic management
capacity of 100 in Southern Seoul Correctional Institution to
Computer Education
and rehabilitative programs in the first place. In line with this, it
provide a more intensive and systematic six-month correctional
To help inmates successfully adapt to the rapidly changing
designated eight correctional institutions including Euijeongbu
program for sex offenders with high risk of second conviction.
reorganized form of the former moral education program, to
Corrections in Korea 2011 41
Cultural Programs for Correction
Correctional institutions are implementing and expanding music therapy, art therapy and psychological
Inmates
cultural program
For the emotional stability and mind purification of inmates,
various cultural programs of psychotherapy, music, arts, drama,
the Korean classical music, calligraphy and religious activities
are provided.
therapy programs for inmates who need to comfort emotion and heal the inner side. With the support of the
Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, Korea Correctional Service adopted various programs from 16
organizations including Korean Music Therapy Association in 2005 and began operating various cultural
programs for correction like caligraphy, art and drama of 12 relevant organizations in 44 correctional
facilities including Seoul Detention Center 2006. In 2011, it selected 22 organizations for drama, video,
caligraphy, traditional Korean music(Guak), dance, art, and writing a poet and adopted their programs to the
correctional facilities by strengthening partnership with Arts Council Korea of the Ministry of Culture,
Tourism and Sports. Arts Council Korea offers culture and art performing programs to every correctional
institution in the country with its budget.
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Korea Correcional Service
Religious life
Religion plays a great role in purifying the mind of pinmates and in making their successful return to society
possible. And it also influences comprehensive correctional activities.
Pastors, priests or monks from various religious
Kinds of religion (unit: person)
(Statistics: the end of 2010)
circles or socially reputed religious men are invited
in correctional institutions around the country and
they encourage inmates to participate in religious
activities, resulting in remarkable achievements in
heightening their humanity and purifying their
emotion.
Christianity
Buddhism
Roman Catholic Other religions
No religion
Corrections in Korea 2011 43
Correctional
Volunteer System
For the efficient corrections, the Ministry of Justice has ordered to
form correctional volunteer for corrections. Virtuous members in
their communities are appointed for member and education member
and religious member and medical member. They help inmates
reintegrate to the society.
Correctional volunteers for corrections
Correctional volunteers for education
They are mainly entrepreneurs or social workers
With the revision of Guidelines for members for
and provide personal counseling, sisterhood
corrections in May 2000, members who had been
relations, correctional performance and help
responsible for major education and training were
prisoners find jobs. Besides, disciplinary committee
appointed to members for education and they are
and the leave-evaluation committee have positively
professors, teachers, instructors at private
made contributions to the promotion of the link
educational institutes and job trainers.
between correctional institutions and local
communities.
In 1998, the Ministry of Justice set up a central council of members for
effective corrections. Virtuous celebrities in their communities are
appointed for the program. (Statistics: first half of 2009)
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Korea Correcional Service
Correctional volunteers for religion
Correctional volunteers for medical service
Correctional Volunteers for Employment
Socially-reputed pastors, priests and monks are encouraging
At the revision of Guidelines for members for correction on
In July 2010, the authority revised the "Guidelines on
inmates to have religion for mind purification by using their
Dec. 2004, Korea Correctional Service newly established
Management of Correctional Officers" and newly appointed
'medical sector' and appointed doctors from local communities
professional offers who can support inmates to find a job or start
to the members for correction. They have made big contribution
a business. They help inmates' successful resocializaiton.
ceremonies or approaches, showing remarkable achievements.
They are continuously paying attention to the life of prisoners
after out of prison.
to providing medical service to inmates.
Corrections in Korea 2011 45
We help those who work
for better future.
For the successful social reintegration, Korea Correctional Service is
conducting various programs.
Corrections in Korea 2011 47
Social Reintegration
Promotion
Korea Correctional Service encourages inmates to recover
themselves and have confidence through various social
reintegration programs and social services.
Social Reintegration
Promotion Programs
Family visit house
To maintain family relations and to give hope to inmates, we have prepared
the family visit houses to allow inmates to stay for one night and two days
with their families in a detached house in correctional institution. Started in
Anyang, Deajeon, Gwangju, and Daegu Correctional Institution, we are
operating 41 facilities in 40 regions nationwide.
Family visit day
On this day, inmates are allowed to have meals and pleasant chats with
their families at gardens or rest places inside the correctional institution. It
helps inmates grow adaptability to the society and lifers and aged inmates
keep the peace of mind by promoting family relationship.
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Korea Correcional Service
Social experience and services
institutes are commuting to 50 companies nationwide. They are
Having inmates get social experience and serve at welfare
given 70 percent of their monthly income as a work incentive.
facilities, we give the inmates opportunity to serve the
community, to refine their humanity and reflect themselves.
Rehabilitation Center
The rehabilitation center opened on Sep. 17, 2009. This center is
Furlough
to help successful rehabilitation by removing social
We give a going-out permission or day-out permission to
maladjustment due to long imprisonment of inmates. The
inmates who have served time for certain period and have been
education program mainly consists of using public
well-behaved in order to allow them to prepare life after release
transportation, financial institutions and the internet. The first
to strengthen family relation, and to raise adoptability to the
stage is about adapting to open environment for 2 weeks, the
society. We furloughed 1,084 inmates in 2008 and have shorten
second stage is about labor practice program for 4 months and
the period of sentence required to apply for furlough from a year
2 weeks and the third stage is about social adaptation for a
to six months. And we also added "death of brothers and
month.
sisters" to the permission of furlough to reflect the trends of
The rehabilitation center is expected for inmates to successfully
current nuclear family.
reintegrate into society through various hands-on programs, as
well as not committing second crime.
Commuting to external company
The program is connected to business start program, leading
To help inmates raise adaptability to the society and prepare
the inmates to reintegrate into society by seeking jobs and
means of living after release, we allow trusties to commute to
starting businesses after release.
external companies located in the local community. Started in
1988, an daily average of 1,500 inmates in 30 correctional
Halfway House (House of Hope)
A halfway house is a facility where inmates to be discharged stay for a limited period of time in
weekends. Correctional officers help them successfully return to society by providing them with
preparation of the return to society after completing his or her sentence. It was built in Anyang
individual-tailored support programs for find a job and starting a business. As House of Hope in
Correctional Institution in January 2009 as a one-story house with the capacity of 10 inmates which
Anyang Correctional Institution showed a productive outcome, Korea Correctional Service
has no security facilities. Inmates accommodated in the halfway house are those who are
established four more halfway houses in Chuncheon Correctional Institution, Changwon
scheduled to be discharged within four months to one year. They work at a factory during
Correctional Institution, Cheongju Women's Correctional Institution, and Suncheon Correctional
weekdays and take a leave and visit their family or participated in volunteering activities during
Institution.
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Korea Correcional Service
Supporting Programs for inmates to be released
Employment Support Programs like
National Basic Livelihood Security Program
"Successful Employment Package"
Each correctional institution helps inmates with financial
An employment support association" was organized in every
difficulties to be protected under the National Basic Livelihood
correctional institution and helped a total of 1,174 inmates to
Security Program after their discharge. If protected under the
find a job in society in 2010. The association is comprised of
program, they can be supported with living, housing, education
officers of the Ministry of Employment and Labor and Human
and medical care right after their release from prison.
Resources Development Service of Korea and correctional
officers. In addition, correctional institutions host a job fair for
Driver's license renewal support
inmates in cooperation with the regional employment centers of
We carry the procedures related to an aptitude test, renewal,
the Ministry of Employment and Labor more than twice a year.
and extension of driver's licenses held by inmates, on behalf of
In addition, with the support of the Ministry of Employment and
them. So that the inmates could have less difficulties in
Labor, Korea Correctional Service provides a "successful
livelihood after release and could settle down in the society. It
employment package" for inmates where they are paid for
also prevents traffic accidents or possible crimes which might
vocational training and employment. It also funds companies
be caused by unlicensed driving.
which employ discharged inmates.
Correctional Industry
Prison labor is work imposed on inmates.
It aims to make inmates build workmanship, acquire skills,
and grow adaptability to the society successfully.
In 2010, Korea Correctional Service set its objective as
"implementing correctional programs designed for
employment to prevent second conviction" to ensure internal
stability of the organization rather the external development.
Correctional Programs Designed for Employment
Korea Correctional Service designed correctional programs designed
for employment by introducing a voucher system for companies
which hire discharged inmates and providing them with incentives to
take part in correctional programs for inmates. It also signed an MOU
with Koran Apparel Industry Association and enable inmates in 12
correctional institutions to work at related factories while
participating in correctional programs in prison.
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Korea Correcional Service
Correction Programs for
Inmates' Reintegration into Society
Correctional programs include operations directly
administered by the correctional institution(19 areas
including woodwork, ironwork, printing, sewing, and food
engineering), operations commissioned to external
organizations(20 areas including assembling components
of electronic goods and making paper bags), labor service,
Standard of daily incentive (unit: KRW)
Production (class 1)
Production (class 2)
Non-production work
(operational work)
Non-production work
(education and
vocational training)
and operations necessary for the maintenance and
External commute
(outside the
compounds)
Concentration work
management of correctional institutions(cleaning,
cooking, repair, and laundry). Every day, on average of
20,000 inmates participate in the operations and develop
their skills and techniques. As of the end of 2010, the gross
revenue earned from the operations marked 44.4 billion
won, and the gross expenditure and the carry-over
recorded 32 billion won and 12.4 billion won respectively.
Top
Middle
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Middle
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Middle
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Middle
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Middle
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Middle
Bottom
Correctional industry
works exhibition
We hold annual exhibitions that display literary works of inmates
and works produced from prison labor and vocational training to
promote public attention and understanding.
Ministry of Justice hosts an exhibition of inmates' works in order to prevent correctional programs and vocational
training for inmates from ending up in mere resocialization activities and create a venue where inmates can
communicate with ordinary citizens. The exhibition has been held in provincial areas like Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon,
and Busan and the Seoul metropolitan area in turns since 1985. In 2010, 1,225 works of the inmates were displayed in
four exhibition halls including the one in Chuncheon Institute of Culture under the supervision of four regional
correctional offices. In the past, the exhibition mainly introduced the works of inmates, However, today, the public
information center for correctional administration is installed in the exhibition to publicize overall information on
correctional administration and help citizens' understanding on correctional administration.
The works presented at the exhibition are improving more and more, quantitatively as well as qualitatively. We display
not only prison labor products such as goods and artworks, but also calligraphies, paintings, and ceramic wares that
inmates or correctional officials made as hobbies. All these works gain popularity from local residents, and some of
them are sold on the spot or requested. We also hold a chrysanthemum exhibit where people can enjoy various
chrysanthemum cultivated by inmates.
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Korea Correcional Service
The works presented at correctional industry works
exhibition are made by inmates in correctional
institutions nationwide and vary in field
from calligraphy and ceramic art to crafts.
Vocational training
To help inmates engage in a stable work after release, we offer substantial
vocational training programs from existing industries to high technology
industries. It will help inmates succeed in settling down in the society and
also will prevent re-offending.
Korea Correctional Service in the Ministry of Justice believes that social adaption
training through vocational training is essential to help inmates succeed in settling
down in the society and to prevent re-offending. So we are exerting ourselves to
raise inmates' social adaptability by conducting vocational training in high-tech
industries, as well as the existing industries, which are easy to find jobs.
Acquisition of Technology Certificates
Inmates who completed the vocation training courses are encouraged to take various types of
tests administerd by the state and acquire a technology certificate. Since 1969 when vocational
training was first introduced in correctional institutions, 3,041 trainees have acquired a
certificate of industrial engineer, and a total of 148,000 trainees have obtained various types of
technology certificates until now. In particular, it is noteworthy that the correctional institutions
have turned out a total of 34 master craftsmen(including two consultant engineers) for 10
years since 2000 by producing eight in 2006, two in 2007, four in 2008(including one consultant
engineer), and eight in 2009. The certificate of master craftsman is considered a authoritative
certificate equivalent to a master's degree, and a certificate holder is often called as "maestro"
in the industrial field.
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Korea Correcional Service
Training categories
No. of trainees
(As of 2010)
Participation in Skill Contests
Correctional Institutions select inmates with
excellent skills who competed the vocational
Craftsman course
training and send them to various skill contests. In
Computer Application Lathe(25), Computer Application Machine Institutions(25),
Computer Application Construction Institutions(45), Information Processing(20), Network Management(62),
Advertisement Design (25), Elevator (30), Information Equipment Operation(15)
2010, 134 inmates were awarded in regional and
Industrial Engineer and above
nationwide skill contests.
Computer Application Machinery(85), Information Processing (20), Machine Processing Engineer (4),
Information Processing Engineer (3), Computer Repairing & Application (50)
Machinery Construction
Information
processing
Industrial
application
Communication Industrial design
New skill acquisition of
vocational training instructors
Status of vocational training - IT field (Unit: person)
Training categories
No. of trainees
(As of 2010)
We expect all vocational training officers in
correctional institutions to foster capacity as
Craftsman course
Automobile Examining(192), Welding (65), Automobile Plate & Painting (57), Plumbing (15),
Industrial Facilities (45), Electricity Welding (15), Cooperation Freezing (52), Electricity Construction (70),
Plastic Windows and Doors (25), Masonry (30), Tile(140), Construction Painting (140),
Construction Carpentry (85), Indoor Construction (25), Landscaping (20), Interior Construction (40),
Suiting (88), Winding (15), Indoor Landscaping (20), Gardening (30), Flower Decoration (20), Pottery (20),
Cooking (80), Furniture Windows and Doors (20), Jewelry Craft(15), Baking (178), Cooking (50),
Korean Cooking(178), Using(154), Hairdressing(30), Cosmetics (50)
Industrial Engineer and above
Automobile Maintenance & Examining(107), Industrial Facilities (25), Welding (75),
Precision Measurement (30), Electricity (47), General Construction Building (139),
Construction Carpentry(153), Construction Facilities (20), Suiting (65), Gas (25), Fashion Design (15),
Gardening (10), Boiler Construction Engineer (5), Welding Engineer (4),
General Construction Engineer(15), Woodwork Construction Engineer (7), Construction Engineer Practice(5)
Machinery
Construction
Land development
Handicraft
Food and beverage
Electricity
Textile
Agriculture and forestry Industrial application
Hygiene
Other
Status of vocational training - Non - IT field (Unit: person)
vocational training instructors by acquiring new
skills in high-tech industries required by 21st
century's information-oriented society and by
extending their knowledge. Hereupon, we regularly
visit Polytechnic Colleges and vocational schools in
local communities for further study and are striving
for vocational training for inmates.
hope
you can start again
If there is
It was a tough battle.
This hardship was from the wrong choices taht were made,
But now, I find real me.
Now I see a small hope.
Leaving darkness behind, to the bright tomorrow.
I walk, step by step.
There have had many trials and errors and changes since ancient times.
Learning lessons from the past and building up right direction to go are as much
important as establishing advanced corrections procedures.
The history of
corrections administration
The prisons and penal practices of Korea have a long history.
other hand, on founding the nation, Koryeo first established
In Samguk Yusa, Records of Three Kingdoms and other
Jeonokseo, an independent penal facility, and built Koryeo
ancient books, it is said that the ancient kingdom of Kojoseon
Criminal Code which has 5 penalty systems along with other
had an independent function responsible for penal practices.
humanism-based criminal systems such as triple review
Looking back the history of prisons and penal practices of Korea, it is
Another ancient kingdom, Buyeo operated the system which
system for death-row convicts, a system of explanation by
releases criminals in Young-go(a national festival) and built
three persons for suspects and a system which provides
its unique, round-typed prisons. Shilla had amnesty system
vacation for detained prisoners.
from the early establishment of the country. Furthermore,
Joseon, succeeding many prisons and penal practice
Kojoseon maintained a ransom system that replaces
systems from those of Koryeo, established new laws and
Korea's prisons and penal practices system has been gradually
penalty, Baekje had a review system for felonry and the two
promoted socialization of prisoners while reducing death
returning to its original concept of humanism. In addition, for
nations of Baekje and Shilla had their own public services
penalty as possible and tried to prevent abusive punishment
advanced corrections administration, it has been equipped with
which are responsible for penal code and other related
by making regulations of how to use implements of torture,
various convenient and up-to-date facilities and scientific system.
works, which all shows high-level prisons. Advanced penal
their standards and procedures but it is evaluated that they
practices had been carried out since ancient Korea On the
were not good enough. In 1894, laws for modern
certain that the system was based on humanism. But during the
Japanese colonial era and the Korean War it had done wrong
practices far away from humanism. With the economic development,
since the Kabo Reform of 1894
-Establishes prison rules - arranged for modern imprisonment execution law
Koryeo
Buyeo
-Release of inmates when Yeong-go(a national
festival) is held
-Builds and uses a unique round-typed prison
-Independent penal code facility - Jeonokseo
-5 penal system - flogging, lashing, penal servitude, banishment and capital punishment
-Triple review system for death-row convicts, a system of explanation by three persons for suspects
-System which provides vacation for detained prisoners - Bobangje
Kojoseon
Shilla
Joseon
-A nation which has an independent
organization responsible for penal code
execution
-Ransom system replacing punishment
-practices amnesty system
-public office working for criminal administration - left,
right public office
-Compiles and organizes laws and rules including the Joseon
Code - based on rule of law
-Death penalty ¢° extended to exile punishment
-Codification of standards and procedure of and how to use
implements of punishment - prevents abusive punishment
Baekje
-practices amnesty system
-opportunity of double trials for felonry - review system
-public office responsible for penal rules and prisons Jojeongjwapyoeng
1898
-Establishes detailed imprisonment
-Detainee's works, writing letters, reception, pay - sets up treatment standards for
inmates failed by the Japanese colonial rule
Period of the Japanese colonial rule of Korea.
-Japanese imprisonment law applied to the domestic law.
-Promotes extension of facilities used for the Japanese colonial rule resulting in abused
human rights of inmates.
1912
-Kyeongseong prison was the first modern
correctioanl facility which accommodated
long term prisoners.
1914
-Ok, a traditional detention camp, had
circular shape fence symbolizing the hope
that prisoners improve for themselves.
Under the US military administration
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Korea Correcional Service
-Introduces advanced corrections systems like Good Time System
time limits
little fruition due to
imprisonment were taken up through national innovation and in
forward. However, since the 1960s, along with a remarkably rapid
abolition of censorship, and improving protection tools. etc. The
1898 detailed imprisonment regulations for the enhanced
economic development, Korea correctional administration got a
new code aims at advanced correctional management through
treatment of inmates or detainees (prison labor, letters, reception,
turning point to the advanced one through continuous construction
protecting human rights of inmates, scientific and efficient
payment, etc) were also founded but these attempts were
of corrections facilities and 11 time-revisions of its penal code. In
management of imprisonment. In 2008, the new code stated
frustrated by the Japanese colonial rule of Korea. During the 36
particular, since 1988, it has been possible for prisoners to write
clearly about treatment regulation such as criteria of lowing
years of the Japanese colonial period, the Japanese imprisonment
and read newspapers and watch TV and open correctional
juvenile inmates, educating death sentenced inmates and labor
law was applied but its purpose was to make their rule easier in the
institution and women's correctional institution have been
work, etc. In 2009, Korea Correctional Service introduced the
Korean peninsula while the human rights of inmates were just
constructed as well. A three-shift system for night duty in 1989,
remote video medical treatment system and expanded the number
ruthlessly violated. Even under the US military administration,
family meeting house in 1999, video-meeting system in 2003,
of facilities for disabled inmates. In addition, the first halfway house
some tries to introduce advanced corrections systems like the
security night-four-shift system and free reception system in 2006
in Korea was established in Anyang Correctional Institution.
Good Time System had been made but with no fruition due to its
were introduced. Electric security system was introduced in 2006
Hwaseong Correctional Institution for Vocational Training was also
short period of time. Following the establishment of the Korean
as well. In 2007 prison and penal code was completely changed.
opened. In 2010, a prison radio broadcasting network was built, and
Government in 1948, democratic corrections procedure and law
The new code includes prohibition of discrimination of inmates,
the private correctional institution named Somang Correctional
were prepared in 1950, but the Korean War stopped this from going
increasing ownership, improving treatment for the unconvicted,
Institution was opened.
1960
2010
-Rapidly economic development - Miracle of
Han River
-Continuous construction and re-construction
of corrections facilities
-11 time-revisions of penal code
leaps towards advanced corrections
-Opening of Somang Correctional Institution
Pharmacy (Masan prison)
1975
1999
-Vocational training (Daejeon prison)
-Introduces family meeting house for inmates and their family
1948
2008
-Establishes the Korean
Government
-launches Korea Correctional Service
of the Ministry of Justice
-Opening of the Prison Radio Broadcasting Network
1950
1980
2003
2009
-Enacts penal code - base for democratic corrections
breaks out the Korean War - frustrated
-Opens Cheonan open correctional institution
-Video-meeting system
-Extends convenient facilities for the disabled
-Enhances living conditions
-Opens Hwaseong correctional institution for vocational training
-Introduces tele-medicine system
2006
1955
left-wing : literacy education for inmates
right-wing : the 8th day of prison officers
1988
-Allows for prisoners to write, read newspapers and watch TV
-Builds open correctional institution and women correctional
institution - diversified in corrections facilities
-Extended space per prisoner
-Four-shift system for night duty
-Free reception without staff involvement
2006. 10 -Opens Pohang correctional institution
-Introduces domestic first electric security system
-Opens Halfway house (the house of hope)
1989
-Three-shift system for night duty
Corrections in Korea 2011 61
Statistics related to Corrections
1. accommodation
A. accommodation currents
(unit : person)
Average numbers accommodated in facilities a day
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
accommodated numbers
47,390
43,100
43,100
44,430
45,930
average numbers accommodated a day
46,721
46,313
46,684
49,467
47,471
accommodation details
convicted crimianl
total
31,905
31,086
32,316
33,179
32,652
inmates
29,923
29,289
30,280
30,749
30,607
1,982
1,797
2,036
2,430
2,045
14,816
15,227
14,368
16,288
14,819
1,114
996
937
1,008
786
13,702
14,231
13,431
15,280
14,033
penalty defaulter
unconvicted detainee
total
suspect
defendant
(unit : person)
number for accommodation per the population
estimated population
average number for accommodation a day
average number accommodated per day to the population(%)
fixed number of correctional officers
average number accommodated per correcitional officer
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
48,297,184
48,456,369
48,606,787
48,746,693
48,874,539
46,721
46,313
46,684
49,467
47,471
0.097
0.095
0.096
0.101
0.097
13,854
14,296
14,413
14,521
15,221
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.1
(unit : person)
male/female of inmates (based on the year end)
inmates
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
total
30,145
31,478
32,197
32,297
31,981
male
28,809
30,043
30,723
30,759
30,534
1,336
1,435
1,474
1,538
1,447
female
female ratio against the total numbers(%)
unconvicted
inmates
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.5
total
15,506
14,169
15,769
15,931
13,700
male
14,507
13,178
14,709
14,866
12,772
999
991
1,060
1,065
928
female
female ratio against the total numbers(%)
total
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Korea Correcional Service
6.4
7
6.7
6.7
6.7
45,651
45,647
47,966
48,228
45,681
(unit : person)
inmate number in age (based on the year end)
2006
2007
2008
2009
under 16 years old
1
1
5
2
2010
1
under 18 years old
22
36
60
73
46
under 20 years old
156
214
228
273
304
under 25 years old
3,086
2,519
2,189
2,471
2,457
over 25 years old
3,877
3,867
3,898
3,697
3,295
over 30 years old
9,262
9,348
8,998
8,733
8,436
over 40 years old
9,045
9,849
10,381
10,166
9,925
over 50 years old
3,653
4,375
5,032
5,387
5,876
over 60 years old
1,043
1,269
1,406
1,495
1,641
30,145
31,478
32,197
32,297
31,981
(unit : person)
imprisoned or not imprisoned by inmates (based on the year end)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
the experienced
14,645
15,301
15,304
15,456
12,665
the inexperienced
15,500
16,177
16,893
16,841
19,316
1 time
5,986
5,947
6,176
5,955
5,590
2 times
2,976
2,978
3,034
2,947
3,214
3 times
2,008
2,133
2,203
2,138
2,481
over 4 times
4,530
5,119
5,480
5,801
8,031
30,145
31,478
32,197
32,297
31,981
total
(unit : person)
the name of penalty, prison term by inmates (based on the year end)
prison labor
total
under 1 year
2008
2009
2010
30,982
31,070
30,683
5,346
6,269
7,298
6,379
5,430
10,212
10,599
10,219
10,861
10,673
over 3 years
5,180
5,316
5,503
5,980
6,458
over 5 years
4,186
4,052
3,943
3,953
4,197
over 10 years
3,415
3,438
3,419
3,347
3,396
670
639
600
550
529
69
60
70
47
72
4
5
5
2
4
over 6 months
41
35
41
23
35
over 1 year
22
19
22
18
29
over 3 years
2
1
2
4
4
1,067
1,105
1,145
1,180
1,226
30,145
31,478
32,197
32,297
31,981
total
under 6 months
imprisonment for life
total
2007
30,313
over 1 year
over 20 years(death penalty included)
imprisonment
2006
29,009
Corrections in Korea 2011 63
(unit : person)
the number of inmates in and out of prison by the reason
new inmates
released convict
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
total
61,018
64,606
66,464
73,073
62,862
newly imprisoned
33,944
33,938
35,286
41,236
32,817
penalty determined
22,733
26,439
26,539
26,704
25,380
etc.
4,341
4,229
4,639
5,133
4,665
total
63,842
62,792
65,315
42,510
63,228
penalty ended
16,293
16,649
17,561
17,607
17,468
8,590
8,034
8,433
8,198
8,084
parole
amnesty
31
19
569
625
12
295
438
404
484
424
etc.
22,757
22,286
22,073
26,009
20,680
end of labor
15,876
15,366
16,293
19,587
16,560
30,145
31,478
32,197
32,297
31,981
2006
2007
2008
2009
suspension of execution
numbers at the year end
B. unconvicted prisoners
(unit : person)
reasons for imprisonment release of unconvicted criminal
new inmates
total
58,727
56,870
57,107
58,076
48,335
newly imprisoned
55,078
53,059
53,372
54,013
44,276
etc.( cancelled bail included)
released convict
total
3,649
3,811
3,735
4,063
4,059
67,118
67,754
65,155
70,008
73,370
cancelled confinement
2,311
1,882
1,308
1,888
1,893
fine
2,107
1,881
1,988
2,156
1,574
17,736
16,924
15,951
17,052
13,074
6,561
5,415
4,672
4,709
3,885
24,351
suspension of sentence
bail
penalty determined
22,623
25,535
25,626
25,804
etc.
15,780
16,117
15,610
18,399
4,242
15,506
14,169
15,769
15,931
13,700
numbers at the year end
64
2010
Korea Correcional Service
C. juvenile inmates
the number of juvenile inmates by the name of crime (based on the year end)
2006
theft
2007
137
156
fraud embezzlement
2008
73
2009
62
(unit : person)
2010
45
(unit : person)
the number of juvenile inmates by the name of the crime
2006
2007
2008
2009
imprisonment
life sentence
16
16
0
0
2010
0
with labor
over 20 years
22
20
0
0
0
8
15
1
3
3
over 10 years
142
122
3
3
5
11
10
9
3
1
over 5 years
92
89
14
15
15
rape
111
116
24
44
32
over 3 years
91
108
27
42
45
robbery
203
192
24
32
33
over 1 year
203
233
87
89
58
murder
91
88
9
6
11
under 1 year
66
52
24
19
23
negligence
12
15
5
2
3
under 6 months
16
15
1
1
0
etc.
75
65
11
17
18
0
0
0
0
0
total
648
657
156
169
146
violence injury
imprisonment
under 3 years
under 1 year
total
0
2
0
0
0
648
657
156
169
146
2. educational training for inmates
major school education
(unit : person)
the number of inmate of general school education
elementary school course
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
425
90
108
120
101
high school graduation
478
415
355
330
291
233
246
209
205
169
55
41
33
13
21
766
702
597
548
481
middle school course
325
295
339
305
309
high school entrance
high school course
570
515
623
465
161
middle school entrance
1,320
900
1,070
890
571
total
total
(unit : person)
the number of inmate passed qualification test
3. correctional works and vocational training
A. correctional works
superintendence works excluded / (unit: person)
the number employed
total numbers of inmates
the number of inmates able to work
the number of inmates unable to work
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
30,361
31,082
31,506
32,575
31,975
3,913
4,327
4,458
8,562
8,575
total
26,448
26,756
27,048
24,013
23,400
the number employed
19,598
19,665
19,471
19,441
18,892
74
73
72
81
81
6,850
7,091
7,577
4,572
4,508
ratio(%)
numbers with no employment
Corrections in Korea 2011 65
(unit : 1,000,000KRW)
production output by work type
direct operational work
performance
composition ratio(%)
commissioned works
performance
composition ratio(%)
labor works
miscellaneous income
2007
2008
2009
2010
23,363
19,938
23,187
20,907
64
68
63
68.7
63.5
4,457
4,615
4,957
4,811
5,387
14.6
13.4
16
14.3
16.3
6,347
6,017
5,933
5,560
6,521
composition ratio(%)
20.8
17.6
19
16.5
19.7
performance
189
339
571
155
160
performance
composition ratio(%)
total
2006
19,480
performance
composition ratio(%)
0.6
1
2
0.5
0.5
30,473
34,334
31,399
33,713
33,055
100
100
100
100
100
(unit : person)
production output
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
plan
35,100
33,048
33,351
31,600
31,800
performance
30,473
34,334
31,399
33,713
33,055
performance/plan(%)
87
103.9
94.1
106.3
103.9
performance increase rate
9.8
12.7
8.5
7.4
1.9
(unit : 1,000KRW)
subsidy paid for works
amount of subsidy
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
10,986,521
11,036,115
11,111,119
10,800,307
10,811,089
5,361,135
5,200,699
5,125,320
5,168,684
4,746,415
2,049
2,122
2,168
2,090
2,278
the number of inmate getting subsidy per year
day average per person
B. vocational training
(unit : person)
the number of inmate completed vocational training
promotion enhancement training
2007
2008
2009
2010
3,587
2,740
2,683
2,536
3,276
special training
0
217
490
430
0
general training
533
379
444
324
234
0
0
0
0
0
3,273
3,279
3,470
3,537
3,725
works outside
total
66
2006
Korea Correcional Service
(unit : 1,000KRW)
the numberof inmates acquired apprenticeship certification
total
above industrial engineer
certified technician
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2,870
2,506
2,693
2,740
2,856
293
244
276
155
281
2,577
2,262
2,417
2,585
2,575
small hope
new life
If only you have
you can find
A very young leaf,
but which has such a remarkable hold on life
that even penetrates stones!
That is hope.
Do not give up.
Dreaming about the days
that are approaching to you,
fill today with your dreams.
The date of issue : 2011 Publishing office : Correctional Service of the Ministry of Justice
Tel. 82-2-2110-3460 Fax. 82-2-502-0129
http:// www.corrections.go.kr
Designed by YEOLRIN communication
Gwacheon Government Complex 5-dong,
Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Reperblic of Korea
Tel. 02-2110-3460 Fax. 02-502-0129
www.corrections.go.kr