Deutsche Bank
CARI Seminar, August 14, 2012
Buenos Aires
Gustavo Cañonero, Managing Director
Chief Economist
Emerging Markets
Deutsche Bank Securities
All prices are those current at the end of the previous trading session unless otherwise indicated. Prices are sourced from local exchanges via Reuters,
Bloomberg and other vendors. Data is sourced from Deutsche Bank and subject companies. Deutsche Bank does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. Thus, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report.
Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision. DISCLOSURES AND ANALYST CERTIFICATIONS ARE
LOCATED IN APPENDIX 1. MICA(P) 072/04/2012
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo Cañonero Fernando Losada
Gustavo.canonero@db.com Fernando.losada@db.com
(212) 250 – 7530 (212) 250 - 3162
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-5
A tricky relationship but a powerful chart: government debt and economic growth
-3
Japan
Portugal
-1
Italy
Ireland
Spain
US
UK
Euro Area
M exico
Brazil
Colombia
Turkey
Indonesia
India
Russia
1 3
2011 GDP Growth (% )
5 7 9
China
•Deleveraging (oversavings)
•Debt overhang
•Ricardian equivalence
• etc
•Countercyclical policies
•Consumer/business depression …
Source: IMF, Haver, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Preview
1. We believe the EU has the internal resources to resolve this crisis:
– External demand support from decent global growth and a soft euro
– Structural reforms to support medium term growth
2. But vulnerabilities remain high:
– Crisis of confidence has gone very deep
– 2012 was always going to be a recession, complicating public and private deleveraging. Worsening economic outlook intensify the challenges
– But is more a political than economic crisis: euroarea leaders fell ‘behind the curve’, again
3. Hence, crucial:
1.
Individual countries: structural reforms & fiscal consolidation
2.
EA: roadmap to greater integration; banking sector and common issuance
3.
ECB: (i) helping bridge, not THE solution (ii) delicate balance
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Crisis management: firewall size and ESM
“seniority”
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
How much does it cost to finance Europe sovereigns?
France MEMO: Total EURbn
2013
2014
Italy Spain Belgium
Sovereign redemptions (ex bills, incl coupons)
2012 241.8
69.3
184.5
141.7
79.2
66.3
40.9
40.2
34.4
Total 568.1
214.8
115.6
150.9
155.4
93.2
399.5
1,297.9
Primary budget deficits (surpluses are negative)
2012 -48.2
25.1
2013
2014
-60.1
-75.1
2.0
-10.4
Total -183.5
16.7
Total sovereign funding
2012
2013
2014
Total
193.6
124.5
66.6
384.6
94.4
81.2
56.0
231.5
0.5
-1.4
-3.1
-4.0
41.4
38.8
31.3
111.6
52.0
30.8
22.2
105.0
202.9
186.2
115.4
504.5
-65.8
1,232.2
E616bn to finance Italy & Spain 2012-2014
E728bn to finance Belgium also
E1.2tr if France to be financed at the same time
Source: Deutsche Bank
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
A massive bank debt redemption wall in 2012
Country
Germany
Spain
Italy
France
Netherlands
Belgium
Greece
Austria
Ireland
Portugal
Total
2012
Senior Covered Gov GTD
35.6
45.5
83.6
58.8
18.1
38.5
65.5
51.1
33.3
7.8
8.2
9.2
18.9
27.6
1.1
12.0
7.8
3.0
1.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
13.6
3.8
6.9
5.9
269.0
3.4
3.8
219.8
5.4
3.0
89.3
Total
137.2
142.8
84.5
78.7
47.9
23.6
17.0
18.2
15.7
12.6
578.2
2013
Senior Covered Gov GTD
42.6
26.6
83.6
58.8
0.0
5.5
52.1
40.9
33.5
7.2
7.0
9.1
18.9
27.6
1.1
12.0
7.8
3.0
13.3
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
9.4
1.3
5.6
226.1
3.4
3.8
219.8
7.0
0.0
38.7
Total
126.2
90.9
71.1
68.5
35.0
28.6
28.1
15.1
11.7
9.3
484.6
2012-2013
Total
263.5
233.6
155.5
147.2
82.9
52.2
45.1
33.3
27.5
22.0
1062.7
Source: Bloomberg, DB Global Markets Research
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Most needed euro-area architecture
What to expect?
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Three potential scenarios could play out in Greece over the coming months
1) Greece stays in the euro zone and “continue to muddle through” .
Compromise reached between Athens and the Troika that sees Greece remain in the euro zone
2) Greece exits the euro zone. Exit could emerge as the unwanted conclusion of a series of micro-decisions on the bailout, bank recapitalisation and ECB involvement a) Managed exit: Greece exits the euro zone with ECB / EU / IMF support to facilitate an orderly transition b) Disorderly exit: Greece exits the euro zone without ECB / EU / IMF support.
Of the exit scenarios, a managed exit would be the more desirable and likely outcome.
The official sector would bear most of direct losses in the event of a Greek exit.
Losses would be significant, but manageable.
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
4
2
%
6
Current recovery unusually sluggish
Unemployment gap
Average in recessions before the current recession
In current recession
0
Recession trough
-2
Range before current cycle
-4
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Source: CBO, BLS , Haver Analytics, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
0
-2
-4
%
6
4
2
%
Household debt as percent of disposable personal income
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Source: FRB, BEA, Haver Analytics, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
100
90
80
70
60
%
140
130
120
110
Homebuilder sentiment index suggests that housing could add 1½ percent to GDP over the next 12 months
65
56
46
37
Index
84
75
NAHB: Homebuilder sentiment index (12 m lead, ls)
Residential investment as a share of GDP (rs)
Share of GDP
27
18
8
02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
Source: NAHB, BEA , Haver Analytics, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
The homebuilder sentiment index suggests that home prices will be flat until mid-2013
40
30
20
10
0
05
Index
80
70
60
50
NAHB: Homebuilder sentiment index (24 m lead, ls)
S&P/Case-Shiller home price index: Composite 20 (rs)
06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
Source: NAHB, Fiserv, Macro Markets LLC, Haver Analytics, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Index
220
200
180
160
140
120
% y/y
20
10
US home prices starting to turn up
S&P case shiller home price index:composite 20
CoreLogic national house price index
CoreLogic national HPI distressed excluded
FHFA HPI purchase
0
-10
0
-10
-20
05
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Source: S&P, CoreLogic, FHFA, Haver Analytics, DB Global Markets Research
-20
%y/y
20
10
But the speed of the housing recovery remains very slow
Thousands
2100
Single-family building permits
Single-family housing starts
Thousands
2100
1800
1500
1200
900
600
300
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Source: Census, Haver Analytics, DB Global Markets Research
2012
1800
1500
1200
900
600
300
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
But job openings are trending up
Mln Mln
Layoffs and discharges Openings Hires Separations
6
5
4
3
2 2
1
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
1
6
5
4
3
Source: BLS, JOLTS, Haver Analytics, DB Global Markets Research
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
US faces steep fiscal cliff (under current law) and debt ceiling showdown around end of 2012 .
Consensus expectation: Fiscal cliff will be delayed and debt ceiling raised after the election, risking downgrade.
Optimistic view: 2 nd term Obama Admin (or 1 st term
Romney Admin) and fully Republican Congress agree to address fundamental problem via entitlement reform and tax reform.
Pessimistic view: Gridlock debt-ceiling standoff and lots of pressure from markets
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Budget deficits a bigger problem in the US than in peripheral Europe
%
Budget deficits as a % of GDP
%
0
-2
4
2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
GIIPS: GDP-weighted fiscal balance
US
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Note: GIIPS = Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain
Source: OECD, Statistical Office of the European Communities, Haver Analytics, DB Global Markets Research
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
% of GDP
12
8
4
The fiscal cliff
US Federal budget deficit (June 2012)
Actual
% of GDP
12
Projected
CBO's Alternative scenerio
8
4
0
CBO's Current-law baseline
-4
2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020
Note: The budget deficit denoted in positive sign whereas surplus in negative
Source: CBO, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
0
-4
Components of the Fiscal Cliff
Fiscal drag in 2013 Likely?
Max Amount
(Current law)
Bush tax cuts (high income) expire
Bush tax cuts (all other) expire
AMT & Doc Fixes expire
BCA discretionary spending cuts
BCA sequester
Total fiscal Drag 2013
% of GDP
Maybe
No
No
Yes
Maybe
120
180
120
45
70
535
3.6
Likely amount
(Alternative sn.)
60
0
0
45
35
140
0.9
Source: CBO, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Another debt ceiling crisis is waiting
The debt ceiling
$16394 bln debt limit
Bipartisan Policy Center projected range of debt subject to limit
$ trln
$ trln
16,4
16,2
16,0
15,8
15,6
15,4
15,2
Actual path of debt
Likely window to hit debt ceiling
15,6
15,4
15,2
15,0
Jan' 12 Mar' 12 May' 12 Jul' 12 Sep' 12 Nov' 12 Jan' 13
15,0
16,4
16,2
16,0
15,8
Source: Bipartisan Policy Center, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Closing the Revenue-Spending gap is a major challenge
% of GDP % of GDP
37,5
Outlays
Revenue
37,5
CBO current policy alternative, June 2012
32,5 32,5
27,5
CBO current law baseline, June 2012 27,5
22,5
17,5
22,5
17,5
12,5
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031
12,5
Source: CBO, Fiscal Commission, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Growth is slowing down and a global recession should not be ruled out, but not our base case scenario
2011
GDP growth, YoY
2012 2013 2011
CPI Inflation, YoY
2012 2013
G7
-US
-Japan
-Euroland
EM Asia (ex-Japan)
-China
-India
EMEA
-Russia
LatAm
-Argentina
-Brazil
-Chile
-Colombia
-Mexico
-Peru
Industrial countries
EM countries
Global
1.4
1.8
-0.7
1.5
7.3
9.2
7.0
4.7
4.3
4.3
7.7
2.7
6.2
5.9
3.9
6.9
1.4
6.2
3.6
1.8
2.5
1.2
0.3
6.9
8.4
6.5
3.6
4.1
3.9
2.3
4.2
4.3
4.8
3.5
6.0
1.7
5.6
3.5
1.7
2.4
3.1
-0.5
6.4
7.9
6.3
3.2
4.0
2.9
1.6
1.5
4.7
4.8
3.7
6.0
1.3
5.1
3.2
2.0
2.1
0.5
2.3
4.0
2.8
7.5
5.5
5.5
7.6
22.3
5.1
3.1
3.4
3.7
3.8
2.0
5.0
3.4
2.6
3.1
-0.3
2.7
6.0
5.4
9.5
6.5
8.4
8.4
24.4
6.6
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.6
6.6
4.5
Source: DB Global Markets Research
25
1.8
2.4
-0.1
1.7
4.3
3.5
7.0
6.1
7.8
7.6
23.4
5.0
3.0
3.1
3.6
2.8
1.9
5.3
3.5
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
(Still) stable commodities, dollar (?), and monetary easing
Commodities (USD, Annual Average)
WTI (barrel)
Brent Blend (barrel)
Gold (oz.)
Copper (lb)
2009
62
62
974
2.36
2010
79
80
1226
3.43
2011
95
111
1571
4.00
2012F
94
106
1726
3.57
2013F
96
104
2050
3.63
USD/EUR
JPY/USD
Fed Funds
10-Y Treasuries
ECB rate
ODR rate
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Exchange Rates
Current
1.23
78
3M
1.28
80
6M
1.30
82
12M end 2012
1.25
86
1.30
82
Current
0 - 0.25
1.65
0.75
0.05 - 0.1
Interest Rates
3M
0 - 0.25
1.50
0.50
0.10
6M
0 - 0.25
1.50
0.50
0.10
12M end 2012
0 - 0.25
2.50
0.50
0.10
0 - 0.25
1.50
0.50
0.10
Source: DB Global Markets Research
26
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
EM has decoupled in trend growth but has coupled in the business cycle
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
1980 1985
Source: IMF, Haver, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
1990
EM trend
EM cycle
1995
G7 Trend
G7 cycle
2000 2005 2010
28
LatAm has also decoupled, but most recently, with cyclical coupling as well
Macroeconomic momentum indicators in EM
1.50
ASIA LATAM EMEA
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
0
-2
-4
-6
1980
2
4
EM cyclical coupling and trend decoupling
(%YoY)
6
Percent
LatAm trend
LatAm cycle
G7 Trend
G7 cycle
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Source: IMF, Haver, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
29
But EM cannot replace US and Europe
Projected new demand in 2012
$, bln
Government consumption
30000
Investment
Private consumption
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
BRIC Europe and US combined
Source: CBO, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
$, bln
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
30
Diminishing Returns in EM? Capital Accummulation Version
Reassessing Chongqing’s growth model (A)
Investment-driven growth model
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
60%
55%
Gross Capital Formation/GDP ratio, 2010
Chongqing China
Source: CEIC.
Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Real estate investment in China now around 13% of GDP. What will the composition of Chinese GDP look like going forward?
% of GDP
Real estate investment (residential and commercial) as share of GDP
% of GDP
35
Germany US
35
30
China Japan
30
25 25
20
15
10
20
15
10
5
0
5
0
80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12
Source: BEA, CAO, National Bureau of statistics of China, CEIC, Haver Analytics, DB Global Markets Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
% y/y
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
04
Slowdown underway in Chinese housing
Key real estate indicators, 2004-June 2012
Total floor space starts
Residential floor space under construction
Residential real estate investment
Residential floor space sold
05 06 07 08 09 10
Source: CEIC, DB Global Markets Research
11 12
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
20
0
-20
-40
% y/y
120
100
80
60
40
Diminishing Returns in EM? Consumption Drive Version
Steady real exchange rate appreciation on the back of wage increases and relatively low labor productivity growth is raising the costs of doing business in EM.
Relative unit labor costs vs USA (USD, 2001=1)
2,50
2,00
1,50
1,00
0,50
0,00
Avg Latam
China
Korea
SoA
Turkey
Source: OECD, ILO, Official Statistical Agencies, and Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
34
The average relative increase observed in the large Latin
American countries is at 73%, although the calculation includes the extreme 170% relative increase in Brazil and a small decline in Mexico.
2,00
1,50
1,00
0,50
0,00
Relative unit labor costs vs USA (USD, 2001=1)
3,00
2,50
ARG
BRA
CHI
COL
MXC
PER
Source: OECD, ILO, Official Statistical Agencies, and Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
35
Recent increases in ULC and its effect on growth.
Estimated effect on growth from rising ULC in 2000s (steady state)
ULC (current USD) average annual increase
Estimated effect on annual growth
Brazil
Argentina
South Africa
China
Colombia
Chile
Turkey
Peru
South Korea
Mexico
Source: Deutsche Bank
11,8%
10,2%
8,9%
8,0%
7,8%
6,8%
6,5%
2,8%
2,7%
1,1%
-0,82%
-0,71%
-0,62%
-0,56%
-0,54%
-0,47%
-0,46%
-0,19%
-0,19%
-0,08%
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
36
Once qualified by ToT shocks, the critical aspect of ULC increases becomes even more worrisome for some countries.
Average annual increases of ULC and ToT (2001-2011
Brazil
Argentina
South Africa
China
Colombia
Chile
Turkey
Peru
South Korea
Mexico
-5,0% 0,0% 5,0% 10,0%
ToT
ULC
15,0%
Source: Deutsche Bank
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
37
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
38
The EM universe is populated by different stars: with ample growth sensitivity to US/EU
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Betas to 1pp change in US/Eurozone growth
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
39
EM countries do show significant differences regarding macro vulnerabilities
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.7
Overall vulnerability score
0.6
Grow th
0.5
0.4
Financial
High risk threshold
Fiscal
M edium risk threshold
External
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
40
EM vulnerabilities
EMEA
Czech Rep
Egypt
Hungary
Israel
Kazakhstan
Poland
Rom ania
Russia
South Africa
Turkey
Ukraine
Asia
China
India
Indonesia
Korea
M alaysia
Philippines
Thailand
LatAm
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colom bia
M exico
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
External Fiscal Financial
41
EM vulnerabilities
EMEA over time
Czech Rep
Egypt
Hungary
Israel
Kazakhstan
Poland
Romania
Russia
South Africa
Turkey
Ukraine
Asia
China
India
Indonesia
Korea
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
LatAm
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
External
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Fiscal Financial Overall
42
43
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
Growth is slowing down but remaining at elevated level
2
0
-2
8
6
4
GDP growth
% YoY
10
2010 2011 2012 2013
ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PEN
Current account balances
% GDP
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
5
4
3
2
1
ARG BRA
2010
CHI
2011 2012
COL MEX
2013
PEN
Source: Global Market Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
VEN
VEN
Inflation
20
15
10
5
0
-5
% YoY
30
25
ARG BRA
2010 2011 2012 2013
CHI COL MEX PEN
LATAM forecasts
(% yoy unless stated)
Real GDP growth
Priv. consumption
Investment
Inflation (eop)
Exports, USD bn
Imports, USD bn
Industrial production
Unemployment (%)
Fiscal bal. (% of GDP)
CA bal. (% of GDP)
2010
6.3
5.8
12.8
8.5
779.2
701.6
7.5
6.9
-2.2
-0.9
2011F
4.3
5.0
6.7
8.5
966.6
858.3
2.9
6.6
-2.2
-0.8
2012F
2.9
3.5
2.4
7.4
970.0
906.4
1.8
6.5
-2.0
-1.3
VEN
2013F
3.9
3.9
5.9
7.7
1032.8
975.0
4.5
6.4
-1.8
-1.6
44
Solid fundamentals should remain
GDP Growth (%)
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
2010 2011F 2012F 2013F
9.2
7.5
5.2
4.3
5.5
8.8
-1.4
7.7
2.7
6.2
5.9
3.9
6.9
3.9
1.6
1.5
4.7
4.8
3.7
6.0
4.3
2.3
4.2
4.3
4.8
3.5
6.0
3.0
Inflation (eop,%)
2010 2011F 2012F 2013F
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
25.2
5.9
3.0
3.2
4.4
2.1
27.2
23.1
6.5
4.4
3.7
3.8
4.7
27.6
24.1
4.8
2.1
3.2
3.7
3.0
22.5
21.9
5.4
3.2
3.0
3.5
2.6
28.0
2010
Current Account (%GDP)
Argentina 0.8
2011F
0.6
DB_Forecast _FX_RATE 31-Dec-10 ######## 31-Dec-12 31-Dec-13
2012F
1.2
2013F
1.1
Fx (eop)
Argentina
2010 2011F 2012F 2013F
3.98
4.31
5.10
6.11
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
-2.2
1.9
-3.7
-0.6
-1.6
4.6
-2.1
-1.7
-2.6
-0.4
-1.5
6.9
-2.6
-2.3
-3.0
-0.8
-1.6
2.6
-3.0
-1.9
-3.2
-1.1
-1.7
2.4
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
1.67
468
1908
12.34
2.80
4.30
1.88
520
1939
13.00
2.70
4.30
1.95
510
1790
13.00
2.70
5.20
1.90
515
1770
12.80
2.73
6.50
Source: Global Market Research
Gustavo.Canonero@db.com
45
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