Metamorphic Rocks
How a little bit of heat &
pressure transform rocks!
What is a metamorphic rock?


The term "metamorphic"
means "to change form."
Any rock (igneous,
sedimentary, or
metamorphic) can become a
metamorphic rock. If rocks
are buried deep in the Earth
at high temperatures and
pressures, they form new
minerals and textures all
without melting. If melting
occurs, magma is formed,
starting the rock cycle all
over again.
To change
form
Other rocks are
exposed to high
heat & pressure
Metamorphic Rock Types


There are two types
of metamorphic rocks.
Each is classified
according to its
composition and
texture.
– Foliated
– Nonfoliated.
To change
form
Foliated
Other rocks are
exposed to high
heat & pressure
Non-Foliated
Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
FOLIATED metamorphic
rocks are those in which the
minerals have been
flattened and pushed down
into parallel layers. The
bands in foliated
metamorphic rock look like
pages in a book.
 Examples of foliated rocks
are slate, shale, and gneiss.

To change
form
Other rocks are
exposed to high
heat & pressure
Foliated
Non-Foliated
Flattened &
pushed into
parallel layers
slate
gneiss
shale
Non-foliated

NON-FOLIATED metamorphic rocks
do not display layers. Rather, they are
massive structures with no obvious
banding. The mineral grains grow
and rearrange, but they don’t
form layers.
A good example of non-foliated rock is
quartzite, the smooth-textured,
metamorphosed form of the mineral
quartz.
 A coarse-textured non-foliated rock
is marble.
 Anthracite, or hard coal, is a nonfoliated rock that forms when intense
pressure drives gases out of soft coal,
causing it to harden.

To change
form
Other rocks are
exposed to high
heat & pressure
Foliated
Non-Foliated
layers
Anthracite
coal
Flattened &
pushed into
parallel layers
Quartzite
slate
gneiss
shale
marble