Erikson’s Psychosocial
Stages
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1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation ( Young Adulthood)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle
Adulthood)
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
(Birth-1 year)
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Significant social influence: Parents
(especially mother)and primary
caretaker.
Main task: to develop a life
long sense of trust or mistrust
To promote positive resolution:Good
quality of care (consistency
and regularity in care)
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame &
Doubt
(1-3 years)
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Significant social influence:
Parents
Main task: to develop a
sense of independence
To promote positive resolution :
Parenting-patience,
tolerance, firmness, no
over-protection.
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
(3-6 years)
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Significant social influence:
Parents
Main task: to develop
confidence in self
starting and self guidance
To promote positive resolution
: Parenting-patience,
tolerance, firmness, no
over-protection.
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
(6-11 years)
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Significant social influence:
Parents and teachers
Main task: to develop a
sense of achievement and
competence
To promote positive resolution
: Parents and teachers
encourage good efforts and
give positive feedbacks to
children’s work.
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Stage 5: Identity vs. Role
Confusion (Adolescence)
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Significant social influence:
Parents,teachers, and peers.
Main task: to establish an
identity – to answer the key
question of "Who am I?“, and
to make choices. Identity
formation is a lifelong
process.
To promote positive resolution :
Adolescents should be given
Freedom to explore options in
life.
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
(Young Adulthood)
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Significant social influence: mate
and intimate friends
Main task: to Search for
a"soul mate“, someone to
share your life with.
To promote positive resolution :
One must first establish a
sense of identity before
true intimacy can be found.
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Stage 7: Generativity vs.
Stagnation (Middle Adulthood)
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Significant social influence:
Younger generation
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Main task: To help and guide
the younger generation
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To promote positive
resolution : Having made good
decisions in previous stages
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs.
Despair (Late Adulthood)
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Significant social influence:
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Main task: To Reflect on
Mankind
one's life
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To promote positive
resolution : Having made
good decisions in previous
stages
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Erikson’s Psychosocial
Stages
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation ( Young Adulthood)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle
Adulthood)
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Alzheimer’s Disease
progressive deterioration
of memory, intelligence, and
personality resulting from
degeneration of brain cells.
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu
Alzheimer’s Disease
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Presently no cure.
Exact cause unknown
Possible Causes:
1. genetic: Apolipprotein E(susceptible to Alzheimer’s )
2. brain defect: twisted distorted
nerve fibers and dead neurons,
especially in hippocampus.
3. Neuratransmitter: lower level of
acetylcholine (Ach)
Created by Dr. Joanne Hsu