2012-­‐2013

•   Prepare  a  7  panel  powerpoint  with  you  +  2  partners
•   It  must  be  submi>ed  by  e-­‐mail  as  a>ached  pptx  file
(no  google  docs,  no  keynotes  etc.)  no  backround   format  (it  will  be  lost).
•   Panel  1  Title  +  your  names  Picture  of  Biome
•   Panel  2  LocaKon  (w/  lat  lon  describe  locs)
•   Panel  3  Monthly  avg  Rainfall  and  Temperature
•   Panel  4  Biome  Graph
•   Panel  5  Describe  Typical  Ecological  Community
•   Panel  6  Describe  1  unique  symbiosis

•   Deciduous  Forest(Mr.  A)
•   Tropical  Rainforest
•   Savanna  (
•   Desert
•   Steppe
•   Prairie
•   Taiga
•   Chaparral
•   Tundra

•   Temperate  zone  30 o  to  50 o
•   Where  not  disallowed  by  rainshadow

Cicadas  live  on  plant  roots  3-­‐5  years  (some  17)    Killers  sKng  bury  lay  eggs  hatch  in  2-­‐3  weeks
Femsales  require  2-­‐3  cicadas

By  Mene,  Jeni,  Liv,  and  Alex  C.

•
A  chaparral  biome  is  created  when  cool  water  from  an  ocean  merges   with  a  landmass  that  is  at  a  high  temperature.
•
•
Found  at  30-­‐40  degrees  below  and  above  the  equator.
Are  found  just  beyond  the  tropic  of  Cancer  and  the  Tropic  of
•
Capricorn.
The  major  Chaparral  biomes  are  found  on  the  coasts  of  Baja  and
California,  and  on  the  Mediterranean  sea.

•
Average  rainfall  is  10-­‐17  inches  of  rainfall  per  year
•
Found  in  a  mid  laKtude  climate  with  an  average  temperature  of  64  degrees

Most  commonly  found  in  California,  the   biome  of  a  Chaparral  is  one  of  the  most   extensive  of  the  naKve  biomes  in
California.
There's  a  larger  exchange  of  CO2  and
Oxygen  within  a  Chaparral  because  of   the  enriched  waxy  coaKngs  and  cell   layers  in  plants.
The  term  "chaparral   biome "  includes  ALL   five  Mediterranean-­‐type  climate   shrubland  regions  in  the  world
(California,  central  Chile,  the
Mediterranean  Basin,  South  Africa,   southwestern  Australia)
The  plant  community  is  generally  diverse   among  the  plants  that  fit  the  enriched   qualificaKons

Symbiosis:   close,  mainly  long-­‐term   interacKon  between  two  or  more  biological   species
In  the  Chaparral,  there  exists   mutualism ,   commensalism ,  and   parasi0sm :   o   Mutualism :  Blue  Oak  and  Common  Sage
Brush  (producers  working  together)   o   Commensalism :  Red-­‐Winged  Blackbird  and
Torrey  Pine  (Blackbird  eats  seeds  off  ground   of  Torrey  Pine  with  no  posiKve  or  adverse   effects  to  Torrey  Pine)   o   Parasi3sm :  Parasites  on  the  Brewer's
Blackbird  (obtaining  food  and  benefits  while   harming  Blackbird)
Brewer's
Blackbird

•   h>p://www.californiachaparral.com/ chaparralfacts.html
•   h>p://www.californiachaparral.com/ cplantsanimals.html
•   h>p://katybever0.tripod.com/id3.html
•   h>p://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/
Brewers_Blackbird/id
•   http://www.snowcrest.net/geography/ slides/biomes/chap.htm

By  John  Blair,  Zack  Kleiman,  Patrick
McCormick,  and  Evan  Pavley

•
LaKtude:  35°  N  and  30°  S
•
Longitude:  -­‐120°  W,  70°  W,  0-­‐30°  E,  120°  E
•
CiKes:  Los  Angeles,  SanKago,  Madrid,  Rome,
Athens,  Cape  Town,  Adelaide

An  example  of  a  mutualisKc  relaKonship  is  between  the  Yucca  and  Yucca  Moth.  The
Yucca  plant  relies  on  the  moth  for  pollenaKon.  The  moth  relies  on  the  Yucca  as  a   source  of  food  and  as  a  place  to  lay  its  eggs.  Both  species  benefit  from  one   another.

“Land of the Midnight Sun”
By: Jamie Choy, Irene Klimoff, Jelani Mcmath, Amara
Qureshi

   55 to 70 degrees N
   Greenland to parts of Alaska, northern Canada, and northern
Russia.
   Arctic Tundra /Alpine Tundra
   20% of Earth’s surface
   Finnish “tunturia”- “barren land”
   One of the coldest and driest biomes in world

   6-10 inches (15-25 cm) of precipitation per year (mostly snow)
   The average winter temperature is -34° C (-30° F)
   average summer temperature is 3-12° C (37-54° F)

Commensalism: Caribou digs the ground snow to find food, exposing subnivean mammals that the arctic fox preys on.
When the caribou’s done hunting, the arctic fox follows and digs deeper for food.

   http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_z8x7RStbmSk/TSvI9M-PQuI/AAAAAAAAAAw/N_xyOxkeV68/ s1600/Greenland%252C_tundra_%2528js%25291.jpg
   http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/tundra.htm
   http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/whittaker.jpg
   http://www.eoearth.org/article/Polar_Climates_-_E_Climate_Type?topic=49664
   http://www.wildanimalplanet.com/tundra.html
   http://cougarbiology.pbworks.com/f/1242750186/1242750186/Tundra%20Food
%20Web.jpeg.jpg
   h>p://www.buzzle.com/arKcles/symbioKc-­‐relaKonships-­‐in-­‐the-­‐tundra.html
   http://udgroup5.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/caribou.png

Bonnie  Davis,  Victoria  Kim

•   Located  at  laKtudes  55    to  70    North

•   Average  of  9  mm  of  rainfall  per  month
•   Average  annual  temperature  -­‐12.4  C

•   An  example  of  a  commensalisKc  relaKonship  is  the   arcKc  fox  who  follows  the  barren  ground  Caribou.
The  caribou  unearths  lichens  from  the  snow.  The  fox   then  eats  the  mammals  the  caribou  finds,  such  as   mice  and  small  rodents.

Casey  Arielle  Meggie  Zoe

•   largest  biome  in  the  world
•
Stretches  over  Eurasia  and  North  America
•
Located  beneath  the  Tundra  biome

Average Monthly Rainfall & Temperature
Summer  temp  ranges  from  20  degrees  F  to  70  degrees  F
Total  precipitaKon  in  a  year  is  30-­‐85  cm  (12-­‐33  in)

Predators  such  as  bobcats  and  wolverines  hunt  herbivores  such   as  snowshoe  rabbits  and  red  squirrels

Lichens  need  solid  substrate  and  to  be  above  the   shade  on  the  ground.  Trees  are  not  damaged   in  this  commensalism

"Taiga Biomes." Taiga Biomes . N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/taiga.htm>. h>p://www.tripcentury.com/?p=2907   h>p://bioexpediKon.com/taiga-­‐biome/

Christopher  Sims  ,  Nicolas  Ferbas

50  degrees    to  66  degrees,  does  not  occur  is  the  south  because   there  is  no  land  in  that  range

30-­‐84  cm  of  rainfall  a   year
-­‐65  to  70  degrees   fahrenheit
(-­‐54  to  21°
C  )

Fauna
Moose
Reindeer
elk     beaver,     squirrel,     mountain  hare,     snowshoe  hare
vole.
Grizzly  bear
Wood  Bison
Wolvereine
It  is  very  cold  this  makes  it  difficult   for  any  sort  of  repKle  or  amphibian.
Many  species  of  Birds  have  their   nesKng  grounds  in  the  Taiga
(Canadian  Goose)
Trees
Pines
Spruces
Larches

Because  of  permafrost,  the  roots  of  conifers  cannot  access   phosphate  and  other  essenKal  nutrients  in  the  soil,  however   fungus  can.  By  decomposing  leaves  and  other  organic  ma>er   fungus  absorbs  essenKal  nutrients  that  conifers  need  and
"trades"  these  nutrients  for  sugar  from  the  tree.     conifers  get  nutrients  and  fungus  gets  sugar.

•   h>p://www.vtaide.com/png/foodweb/ coniferous-­‐sm.jpg
•   h>p://www.taigarescue.org/index.php?
view=taiga_news&tn_ID=1103
•
•
h>p://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/taiga.htm   h>ps://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?
page_id=92

By:  Riley,  James,  Timmy,  and  Alex

•
Temperate  Grassland/Cold  Deserts  are  found   in  the  Great  Plains  of  North  America,  in  South
America,  and  in  Central  Asia  and  Eastern
Europe.
•
Subtropical  Deserts  (below)  occur  at  30   degrees  N  and  S.

•In  comparison  to  NJ
Climate:
•Higher  avg.  Temp
•Lower  PercipitaKon
•(See  next  slide  for   addiKonal  comparison)

•
Primary  producers  can   survive  on  low  rainfall   and  store  water  for  a   long  Kme.
•
Primary  Consumers   feed  on  seeds  and   flowers.
•
Secondary  Consumers   have  exoskeletons  that   conserve  moisture.
•
TerKary  Consumers   depend  on  how  dry  the   part  of  the  desert  is.

Example  of  Mutualism:  Birds  and  CacK
In  the  Sonoran  desert,  the  Gila  woodpecker  makes  nests  in   the  Saguaro  cactus.  The  woodpecker  benefits  by  having  a   home  within  the  cacK's  thicks  walls  which  insulate  their   home.  The  cactus  benefits  from  the  woodpecker  eaKng   insects  and  parasites  that  could  be  harmful  to  the  cactus.  The   woodpecker  also  spreads  the  cacK's  pollen  to  help  pollinate   other  cacK.

•   h>p://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/deserts.php
•   h>p://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/desert.htm
•   h>p://www.scalloway.org.uk/clim7.htm
•   h>p://www.marie>a.edu/~biol/biomes/biome_main.htm
•   h>p://www.world-­‐builders.org/lessons/less/biomes/desert/ hot-­‐desert-­‐chain.html
•   h>p://www.kewlwallpapers.com/wallpaper/Gila-­‐
Woodpecker/
•   h>p://www.wildnatureimages.com/
Saguaro_Cactus_Photos.htm

LaKtudes-­‐  20-­‐30  Degrees  North  and  South  of  the  Equator

El-­‐Oasr  el-­‐Akhdar,  Egypt

Algae  and  fungi  have  a  mutual  symbiosis  where   the  algae  produces  food  for  both  by   photosynthesis  and  the  fungus  forms  a   protecKve  barrier  to  prevent  the  algae  from   drying  out  due  to  the  harsh  condiKons.

•   h>p://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/desert.htm
•   h>p://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/ biomes/deserts.php
•   h>p://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/
Experiments/Biome/biodesert.php

Mara  Cakir,  Tomaz  Rodrigues,  Ben
Goldstein,  Laurence  Sodbinow

Prairies  are  found  between  30  and  60  degrees   north  and  south,  usually  in  non  coastal  areas.

Temperate  grasslands  (  prairies)  get  between  10   and  30  inches  of  rain  per  year.  Tropical  and   subtropical  grasslands  get  25-­‐60  inches  of  rain   per  year.  Grassland  temperatures  can  be  as   low  as  -­‐40  during  the  winter  and  as  high  as  70   during  the  summer.

The  primary  producer  in  any  grassland  are  the   locally  dominant  grasses  such  as:  Andropogon   gerardii,  Big  Bluestem,  Andropogon  virginicus,
Broom  Sedge,  Bromus  kalmii,  and  Kalm's
Brome  Grass.

The  primary  consumers  are  most  commonly  Elk,   deer,  deer  mice,  pronghorn,  grasshoppers,   crickets,  secondary  consumers  include  Fox,   skunk,  raccoon,  opossum,  toads,  snakes,   lizards,  hawks,  owls,  and  eagles.  Top   carnivores  vary  depending  on  the  conKnent   but  can  be  wolves  coyotes  lions,  and  bears.

Egrets  stay  near  Rhinoceros  because  they  feed   on  parasiKc  creatures  found  on  it's  body.   bacteria  unique  to  ruminants  that  lives  in  the   stomachs  of  large  herbivores  helps  to  break   down  cellulose.  In  this  way,  the  bacteria   thrives  in  the  stomach  of  the  herbivores  and   the  herbivores  are  able  to  metabolize   cellulose.

•   h>p://www.answers.com/topic/grassland   h>p://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/   h>p://www.nps.gov/tapr/index.htm   h>p://www.marie>a.edu/~biol/biomes/ grass.htm

By  Grace  Stephenson,  Zaynab  Zaman,
Harmony  Kingsley,  Catherine  Gonzalez

o
o

LaKtude:N  16°  46'
31.152"
Longitude:W  3°  0'
29.754

•   h>p://www.bio.utexas.edu
•   h>p://www.blueplanetbiomes.org
•   h>p://www.marie>a.edu
•   h>p://www.Kmbuktu.climatemps.com/
•   h>p://www.weather.com/weather/ wxclimatology/monthly/graph/MLXX0002
•   h>p://www.findlaKtudeandlongitude.com/

Paul,  Karsten,  James  and  Adam

By  Paul,  Karsten,  James  and  Adam

•   Found  in  Africa,  Australia,  Southern  Asia  and  South
America
•   Longitudes  can  range  from  15°N  to  30°S
•   The  Savanna  is  a  dry,  rolling  grassland  sca>ered  with   shrubs  and  isolated  trees

•   Two  disKnct  seasons:  wet  and  dry
•   During  the  wet  season,  up  to  50  inches  of  rainfall
•   During  the  dry  season,  there  can  be  less  than  4  inches  of   rain
•   Temperature  in  the  Savanna  ranges  between  68°F  and
86°F  depending  on  the  season

Producers  –  Grasses  and  Trees
Primary  Consumers  –  Zebra,
Gazelle,  Elephants  etc…
Secondary  Consumers  –  “Kings
Of  the  Jungle”,  Lions,  Cheetahs,
Tigers,  Hyenas  etc….
Scavengers  –  Various  types  of
Large  birds.

•   Oxpecker,  a  type  of  bird   found  in  the  savanna  eat
Kcks  and  other  parasites  off   mammals  (Wildebeests,
Zebras,  Etc…)  where  they   have  landed.
•   The  zebra  is  cleaned  from   potenKally  harmful   organisms  by  the  Oxpecker,   while  the  Oxpecker  is   provided  a  source  of  food.

•   h>p://bioexpediKon.com/savanna-­‐biome/
•   h>p://biology.about.com/od/landbiomes/a/ aa041706a.htm
•   h>p://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/ african_savanna.htm
•   h>p://www.marie>a.edu/~biol/biomes/ tropdry.htm
•   h>p://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?
dbID=2&detID=1224
•   h>p://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/savanna.htm

By  Will  Hare,
Dmitry  Styrkas,
Tom  Cacciola,
and  Maddy  Besselaar

    Along  the  equator  (0  degrees)
    In  between  the  tropic  of  cancer   and  tropic  of  capricorn  (23.5   degrees  north  and  south  of  the   equator)
    Very  humid  and     warm  due  to     the  proximity     to  the  sun  and   rising  air  that     contains  water

   Typically  get    about  250  cm  of   water  per  year  (approximately  21   cm  a  month
      Average  temperature       is  about  80  degrees
Fahrenheit
      However,  the   temperature  can   range  from  68  F  to  93
F  (20  C o  to  34  C o )

   Rainforests  are  homes  to   an  enormous  variety  of   communiQes.
   Among  unique  animals   that  occupy  rainforests  are   the  okapi  (relaQve  giraffes,   but  have  traits  of  zebras),   and
   Toucan  –  recognizable  by   their  large,  colorful  bills.

   Capuchin  monkeys  lap   nectar  from  flowers  in   trees  as  part  of  their   varied  diet.
   In  the  process  they  get   pollen  on  their  faces  and   pollinate  the  flowers.

   hUp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments/Biome/ graphs.php
   hUp://wiki.answers.com/Q/
What_is_the_average_yearly_tropical_rain_forest_temperatu re
   hUp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments/Biome/ graphs.php
   hUp://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/foodwebs/ african_rf_foodweb72.jpg
   hUp://www.saverfn.org/lessonssymb.html

Jessie  Campisi,  Melody  Ting,  Quinn  Cummings,  Asha  Cheerath

-­‐  LaKtude:  15  to  25 °  North  and  South  of  the   equator
-­‐  Longitude:  95  to  105 °   east
-­‐  LocaKon:   Central  America -­‐  in  the  the  Amazon   river  basin.
Africa  -­‐  Zaire  basin,  with  a  small  area  in  West
Africa;  also  eastern  Madagascar.
Indo-­‐Malaysia  -­‐  west  coast  of  India,  Assam,
Southeast  Asia,  New  Guinea  and  Queensland,
Australia.

•
Mean  monthly  temperatures  are  above  64  degrees  F
•
Mean  monthly  rainfall  175.3  mm
•
Annual  rainfall  is  2104  mm
This  graph  shows  average  rainfall  and  temperature  in  Manaus,  Brazil

Rainforest Community
•
Rainforests  are  the  most  complex  biomes  on  Earth.  It  covers  less  than  2%  of  Earth's  total  surface  area,   but  is  home  to  50%  of  Earth's  plants  and  animals
•
There  are  different  levels  of  plants  in  the  rainforest,  depending  in  how  much  light  they  can  survive  with,   and  what  species  of  animals  and  live  there.  This  layered  plant  layout  is  unique  to  the  rain  forest.
•
This  biome  has  seasonal  variaKons.  Although  temperatures  remain  relaKvely  the  same,  they  effect   growth  and  reproducKve  pa>erns.  Spring  brings  new  life  in  which  animals  are  born.  Summer  is  a  season   of  growth.  Fall  brings  maturaKon  and  preparaKon  for  winter.  Winter  is  a  season  of  rest  and  endurance.
•
The  primary  producers  of  the  food  web  are  plants,  usually  found  on  the  ground  layer.  Small  animals  like   insects  act  as  primary  consumers,  and  secondary  consumers  live  on  the  ground  level  (like  birds).

-­‐ParasiKc  relaKonship   between  the   strangler   figs   and   trees
-­‐the  strangler  fig  grows  on   the  tree  branch,  extending   downward  and  upward,   and  also  winds  around  the   tree
-­‐by  stealing  sunlight  and  root   space  from  the  tree  a~er   enveloping  it,  the  tree  is   slowly  killed  by  the  fig

h>p://shabalabadingdong2.weebly.com/biomes.html   h>p://biomee.wikispaces.com/Tropical+Rainforest+Biome   h>p://www.admwebstudios.co.uk/Biodiversity12.htm   h>ps://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=100   h>p://lo2fosho.blogspot.com/2011/01/symbioKc-­‐relaKonships-­‐in-­‐tropical.html   h>p://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/ecosystems/ tropical_rainforests_rev1.shtm   h>p://www.posters.co.uk/Fig-­‐Trees/6994l   h>p://www.nature.org/ouriniKaKves/urgenKssues/rainforests/rainforests-­‐facts.xml   h>p://www.world-­‐builders.org/lessons/less/biomes/rainforest/temp_rain/ tempweb.html

Jeremy,  Molly,  Andrew,  and  Louis
.

•   Known  as  a  mid-­‐laKtude  grassland,  typically   semi-­‐desert  climate  and  without  trees.
•   Ranges  from  about  30 o N  –  60 o N

•   250  -­‐  500mm  (10-­‐20  in.)  rainfall  annually.
•   Temperature  ranges  from  -­‐40 o C  (-­‐40 o F)  to  40 o C
(104 o F)  annually.
•   Steppes  are  too  dry  to  support  trees,  so  they   are  dominated  by  shrubs  and  grasses.
•   Largest  steppe  found  in  southwestern  Russia.
•   Hybrid  between  grassland  and  desert.

•   Lichens  have  a  commensalisKc  relaKonship  with  trees  and  rocks  to   get  a  be>er  locaKon
•   The  lichen  itself  does  not  extract  nutrients  or  anything  and  it  can   photosynthesize  on  its  own
•   Lichens  fix  nitrogen  from  the  air  and  when  it  rains  this  usable   nitrogen  is  leaked  out  into  the  soil  where  surrounding  plant  life   indirectly  benefits  from  the  symbiosis.

•   Sage  sparrow
•   Obligate  forager  of  seeds  and  insect  in  shrub   steppe  +  chaparral  of  California,  Great  Basin   and  Columbia  Basin  stepp

•   Not  a  symbiont,  but  only  found  in  the  steppes   of  Russia

h>p://www.travel-­‐university.org/general/geography/vegetaKon/steppe.html
h>p://www.weather.com/