Acid Nomenclature
How to identify an acid:
The formula of an acid starts with “H” (for now)
HCl
hydrochloric acid
How to identify an acid:
The formula of an acid starts with “H” (for now)
HNO3
nitric acid
How to identify an acid:
The formula of an acid starts with “H” (for now)
H3PO4
phosphoric acid
Naming Acids
Acid names are derived from the anion that is
bonded to hydrogen
HCl
HNO3
H3PO3
Naming Acids
Binary Acids:
• Contain “H” and one other element
To Name:
Hydro + second element name + ic + Acid
Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
HF =
Hydroflouric Acid
Naming Acids (cont.)
Ternary Acids:
• Contain “H”, “O” and one more element
To Name:
3rd element name + ic + Acid
Ex: HNO3 = Nitrogen – ogen + ic + Acid
Nitric Acid
HClO3 =
Chloric Acid
Naming Acids (cont.)
• If the Acid has one more Oxygen than the base
acid, the naming goes as followed:
To Name:
Per + 3rd element + ic + Acid
Ex: HNO4 = Per + Nitrogen – ogen + ic + Acid
Pernitric Acid
H2SO5 =
Persulfuric Acid
Naming Acids (cont.)
• If the Acid has one less Oxygen than the base
acid, the naming goes as followed:
To Name:
3rd element + ous + Acid
Ex: HNO2 = Nitrogen – ogen + ous + Acid
Nitrous Acid
H2SO3 =
Sulfurous Acid
Naming Acids (cont.)
• If the Acid has two less Oxygens than the base
acid, the naming goes as followed:
To Name:
Hypo +3rd element + ous + Acid
Ex: HClO = Hypo +chlorine –ine + ous + Acid
Hypochlorous Acid
HNO =
Hyponitrous Acid
Rules for naming acids
#1: Acids that do not contain oxygen
HA
Hydrogen/nonmetal
Not in water
In water
1. Hydrogen
2. name of anion
Use prefix "hydro" -root- ic acid
EXAMPLES:
Formula
not in water
in water
HCl
hydrogen chloride
hydrochloric acid
H2S
hydrogen sulfide
hydrosulfuric acid
HCN
hydrogen cyanide
hydrocyanic acid
Rules for naming acids
#2: Acids that contain oxygen
HAOx (oxyacids)
Hydrogen/polyatomic anion
Not in water
In water
1. Hydrogen
2. name of anion
root name then
check ending of anion
- ite
- ate
The anion ending
changes to -ous acid
the anion ending
changes to -ic acid
Naming Acids
If the anion name is…
The acid formed from this anion
is named…
_____ide
hydro_____ic acid
hypo_____ite
hypo_____ous acid
_____ite
_____ous acid
_____ate
_____ic acid
per_____ate
per_____ic acid
For Example
Formula
If the anion name is… The acid formed from
this anion is named…
HCl
chloride
hydrochloric acid
HClO
hypochlorite
hypochlorous acid
HClO2
chlorite
chlorous acid
HClO3
chlorate
chloric acid
HClO4
perchlorate
perchloric acid
Examples
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
HCl
HBr
HI
H2SO3
HNO2
H3PO3
HNO3
H2SO4
H3PO4
Examples
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
hydrochloric acid
hydrobromic acid
hydroiodic acid
sulfurous acid
nitrous acid
phosphorous acid
nitric acid
sulfuric acid
phosphoric acid
Naming Bases
• Name the metal first
• Add Hydroxide
Ex: NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide
KOH =
Potassium Hydroxide
Practice Naming Bases
Formula
Name
NaOH
Sodium Hydroxide
KOH
Potassium Hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
Magnesium Hydroxide
Al(OH)2
Aluminum Hydroxide
NH4OH
Ammonium Hydroxide