names of scientists associated with discoveries of elements
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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 1 NAMES OF SCIENTISTS ASSOCIATED WITH DISCOVERIES OF ELEMENTS OF PERIODIC TABLE © Dr. John Andraos 2002 - 2005 Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to jandraos@yorku.ca http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ Z, Element Symbol Discoverer Dates Nationality Place and Date of Discovery 1. Hydrogen H Cavendish, Henry 1731 - 1810 British (b. Nice, France) 1766 London, England 2. Helium He Janssen, Pierre Jules Cesar 1824 - 1907 French (b. Paris, France) 1868 Ramsay, Sir William 1852 - 1916 Scottish (b. Glasgow, Scotland) 1895 London, England Arfvedson, Johann August 1792 - 1841 Swedish (b. SkagerholmsBruk, Skaraborgs-Län, Sweden) 1817/1818 Stockholm, Sweden 3. Lithium Li Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 2 4. Beryllium Be Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas 1763 - 1829 French (b. Saint-André d'Héberôt, Calvados, France) 1797 Paris, France 5. Boron B Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis 1778 - 1850 French (b. St. Léonard, Haute Vienne, France) 1808 Paris, France London, England Thénard, Louis Jacques 1777 - 1857 French (b. Louptière, France) Davy, Sir Humphry 1778 - 1829 British (b. Penzance, Cornwall, England) N/A 1749 - 1819 N/A Scottish (b. Edinburgh, Scotland) pre-history 1772 Edinburgh, Scotland British (b. Fieldhead, near Leeds, England) Swedish (b. Stralsund, Pomerania, now in Germany) 1774 Leeds, England French (b. Paris, France) 1886 Paris, France 6. Carbon 7. Nitrogen C N N/A Rutherford, Daniel 8. Oxygen O Priestley, Joseph 1733 - 1804 9. Fluorine F Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 1742 - 1786 Moissan, Henri 1852 - 1907 Uppsala, Sweden Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 10. Neon Ne 3 Ramsay, Sir William 1852 - 1916 Scottish (b. Glasgow, Scotland) Travers, Morris William 1872 - 1961 British (b. Kensington, London, England) 1898 London, England 11. Sodium Na Davy, Sir Humphry 1778 - 1829 British (b. Penzance, Cornwall, England) 1807 London, England 12. Magnesium Mg Black, Joseph 1728 - 1799 13. Aluminum Al Öersted, Hans Christian 1777 - 1851 Scottish (b. Bordeaux, France) Danish (b. RudkØbing, Denmark) 1755 Edinburgh, Scotland 1825 Copenhagen, Denmark 14. Silicon Si Berzelius, Jöns Jakob 1779 - 1848 Swedish (b. Väversunda, Östergötland, Sweden) 1824 Stockholm, Sweden 15. Phosphorus P Brand, Hennig fl. 1670 German (b. Hamburg, Germany) 1669 Hamburg, Germany 16. Sulfur 17. Chlorine S Cl N/A Scheele, Carl Wilhelm N/A 1742 - 1786 N/A Swedish (b. Stralsund, Pomerania, now in Germany) pre-history 1774 Uppsala, Sweden Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 18. Argon Ar 4 Rayleigh, Lord John William Strutt, 3rd Baron 1842 - 1919 British (b. near Maldon, Essex, England) Ramsay, Sir William 1852 - 1916 Scottish (b. Glasgow, Scotland) 1894 London, England Bristol, England 19. Potassium K Davy, Sir Humphry 1778 - 1829 British (b. Penzance, Cornwall, England) 1807 London, England 20. Calcium Ca Davy, Sir Humphry 1778 - 1829 1808 London, England 21. Scandium Sc Nilson, Lars Frederick 1840 - 1899 British (b. Penzance, Cornwall, England) Swedish (b. Östergötland, Sweden) 22. Titanium Ti Gregor, Rev. William 1761 - 1817 British (b. Trewarthenick, Cornwall, England) 1791 Creed, Cornwall, England 1795 Berlin, Germany Klaproth, Martin Heinrich 1743 - 1817 German (b. Wernigerode, Germany) 1879 Uppsala, Sweden 23. Vanadium V del Rio, Andrés Manuel 1764 - 1849 Spanish (b. Madrid, Spain) 1801 Mexico City, Mexico 24. Chromium Cr Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas 1763 - 1829 French (b. Saint-André d'Héberôt, Calvados, France) 1797 Paris, France Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 5 25. Manganese Mn Gahn, Johan Gottlieb 1745 - 1818 Swedish (b. Voxna, Gävleborg, Sweden) 1774 Stockholm, Sweden 26. Iron Fe N/A N/A N/A c. 2500 BC 27. Cobalt Co Brandt, Georg 1694 - 1768 28. Nickel Ni Cronstedt, Axel Frederik, Baron 1722 - 1765 Swedish (b. Riddarhytta, Sweden) Swedish (b. Södermanland, Sweden) 1735 Stockholm, Sweden 1751 Stockholm, Sweden 29. Copper Cu N/A N/A N/A c. 5000 BC 30. Zinc Zn N/A N/A N/A pre 1500; 1374 31. Gallium Ga 32. Germanium Ge de Boisbaudran, 1838 - 1912 Paul Émile Lecoq Winkler, Clemens 1838 - 1904 Alexander French (b. Cognac, Charente, France) German (b. Freiberg, Germany) 1875 Paris, France 1886 Freiberg, Germany 33. Arsenic As Magnus, Albertus 1193 - 1280 St. (Count von Bollstädt) German (b. Lauingen, Germany) c. 1250 Germany 34. Selenium Se Berzelius, Jöns Jakob 1779 - 1848 Swedish (b. Väversunda, Östergötland, Sweden) 1817 Stockholm, Sweden 35. Bromine Br Balard, Antoine Jéróme 1802 - 1876 French (b. Montpellier, Hêrault, France) 1826 Montpellier, France German (b. Kreuznach, Germany) Heidelberg, Germany Löwig, Carl 1803 - 1890 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 36. Krypton 37. Rubidium 38. Strontium Kr Rb Sr 6 Ramsay, Sir William 1852 - 1916 Scottish (b. Glasgow, Scotland) Travers, Morris William 1872 - 1961 British (b. Kensington, London, England) Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm 1811 - 1899 German (b. Göttingen, Germany) 1898 London, England 1861 Heidelberg, Germany Kirchhoff, Gustav 1824 - 1887 Robert German (b. Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia))) Hope, Thomas Charles 1766 - 1844 Scottish (b. Edinburgh, Scotland) 1792 Strontian, Scotland Crawford, Adair 1748 - 1795 Scottish (b. Antrim, Ireland) Finnish (b. Åbo, Finland) 1808 Edinburgh, Scotland 1794 Åbo, Finland German (b. Wernigerode, Germany) 1789 Berlin, Germany 39. Yttrium Y Gadolin, Johann 1760 - 1852 40. Zirconium Zr Klaproth, Martin Heinrich 1743 - 1817 41. Niobium Nb Hatchett, Charles 1765 - 1847 British (b. London, England) 1801 London, England 42. Molybdenum Mo Hjelm, Peter Jacob Swedish (b. Sunnerbo, Sweden) 1746 - 1813 1781 Uppsala, Sweden Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 43. Technetium 44. Ruthenium Tc Ru 45. Rhodium Rh 46. Palladium Pd 47. Silver Ag 7 Noddack, Walter 1893 - 1960 German (b. Bamberg, Germany) Perrier, Carlo 1886 - 1948 Italian (b. ?) Segré, Emilio Gino 1905 - 1989 Italian-American (b. Tivoli, near Rome, Italy) 1937 Palermo, Sicily, Italy Sniadecki, Jedrzej Andrzej 1768 - 1838 Polish (b. ?) 1808 Vilno, Poland Osann, Gottfried Wilhelm 1797 - 1866 German (b. Weimar, Germany) 1828 Claus, Carl Ernst 1796 - 1864 (Klaus, Karl Karlovich) Estonian (b. Dorpat (Tartu)) 1844 Wollaston, William Hyde Wollaston, William Hyde 1766- 1828 British (b. East Dereham, Norfolk, England) British (b. East Dereham, Norfolk, England) 1803 London, England 1803 London, England N/A N/A N/A c. 3000 BC 1766- 1828 1925 Berlin, Germany Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 48. Cadmium 49. Indium Cd In 8 Stromeyer, Friedrich 1776 - 1835 German (b. Göttingen, Germany) 1817 Davy, Sir Humphry 1778 - 1829 British (b. Penzance, Cornwall, England) 1817 London, England Reich, Ferdinand 1799 - 1882 German (b. Bernburg, Germany) 1863 Freiberg, Germany Richter, Hieronymous Theodor 1824 - 1898 German (b. Dresden, Germany) N/A N/A N/A N/A c. 2100 BC c. 1600 BC 50. Tin 51. Antimony Sn Sb N/A N/A 52. Tellurium Te Müller, Franz 1740 - 1825 Joseph, Baron von Reichenstein Austrian (b. Nagyszeben, Austria, now Rumania) 1782/3 Sibiu, Romania 53. Iodine I Courtois, Bernard 1777 - 1838 French (b. Dijon, France) 1811 Paris, France 54. Xenon Xe Ramsay, Sir William 1852 - 1916 Scottish (b. Glasgow, Scotland) 1898 London, England Travers, Morris William 1872 - 1961 British (b. Kensington, London, England) Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 55. Cesium Cs Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm 1811 - 1899 9 German (b. Göttingen, Germany) 1860 Heidelberg, Germany Kirchhoff, Gustav 1824 - 1887 Robert German (b. Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia))) British (b. Penzance, Cornwall, England) 1808 London, England 1839 Stockholm, Sweden 1803 Västmanland, Sweden 56. Barium Ba Davy, Sir Humphry 1778 - 1829 57. Lanthanum La 58. Cerium Ce Mosander, Carl 1797 - 1858 Gustav Berzelius, Jöns 1779 - 1848 Jakob Hisinger, Wilhelm 1766 - 1852 Swedish (b. Kalmar, Sweden) Swedish (b. Väversunda, Östergötland, Sweden) Swedish (b. Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden) 59. Praseodymium Pr Auer, Karl, Freiherr von Welsbach Austrian (b. Vienna, Austria) 1885 Vienna, Austria 1858 - 1929 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 60. Neodymium 61. Promethium Nd Pm Mosander, Carl 1797 - 1858 10 Swedish (b. Kalmar, Sweden) 1841 Stockholm, Sweden 1885 Austrian (b. Vienna, Austria) Vienna, Austria Auer, Karl, Freiherr von Welsbach 1858 - 1929 Marinsky, Jacob A. 1918 American (b. Buffalo, New York, USA) Glendenin, Lawrence Elgin 1918 - ? American (b. Bay City, Michigan, USA) 1945 Oak Ridge, USA Coryell, Charles D. 62. Samarium 63. Europium Sm Eu Delafontaine, 1837 – 1911 Marc de Boisbaudran, 1838 - 1912 Paul Émile Lecoq French (b. France) Demarçay, Eugène Anatole French (b. Paris, France) 1852 - 1904 French (b. Cognac, Charente, France) 1878 1879 Paris, France 1896, 1901 Paris, France Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 64. Gadolinium Gd 11 de Marignac, 1817 – 1894 Jean Charles Galissard de Boisbaudran, 1838 - 1912 Paul Émile Lecoq Swiss (b. Geneva, Switzerland) 1886 Geneva, Switzerland French (b. Cognac, Charente, France) 1886 Paris, France Swedish (b. Kalmar, Sweden) 1843 Stockholm, Sweden 1878 65. Terbium Tb Mosander, Carl Gustav 66. Dysprosium Dy Delafontaine, 1837 – 1911 Marc de Boisbaudran, 1838 - 1912 Paul Émile Lecoq French (b. France) Cleve, Per Teodor 1840 - 1905 Swedish (b. Stockholm, Sweden) Delafontaine, Marc 1837 - 1911 French (b. France) 67. Holmium Ho 1797 - 1858 French (b. Cognac, Charente, France) 1886 Paris, France 1878 Uppsala, Sweden Geneva, Switzerland Soret, Jaques Louis 68. Erbium Er Mosander, Carl Gustav 1797 - 1858 Swedish (b. Kalmar, Sweden) 1842/3 Stockholm, Sweden 69. Thulium Tm Cleve, Per Teodor 1840 - 1905 Swedish (b. Stockholm, Sweden) 1879 Uppsala, Sweden Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 12 70. Ytterbium Yb de Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard 1817 - 1894 Swiss (b. Geneva, Switzerland) 1878 Geneva, Switzerland 71. Lutetium Lu Urbain, Georges 1872 - 1938 French (b. Paris, France) 1907 Paris, France New Hampshire, USA Urbain, Georges 1872 - 1938 French (b. Paris, France) 1911 Paris, France Coster, Dirk 1889 - 1950 Dutch (b. Amsterdam, Netherlands) 1923 Copenhagen, Denmark Hungarian-Swedish (b. Budapest, Hungary) Swedish (b. Stockholm, Sweden) 1802 Uppsala, Sweden James, C. 72. Hafnium Hf 73. Tantalum Ta 74. Tungsten W Hevesy, György Karl von Ekeberg, Anders Gustaf D'Elhuyar, Don Juan José D'Elhuyar, Don Fausto 1885 - 1966 1767 - 1813 Spanish (b. Logroño, Spain) 1783 Vergara, Spain 1755 - 1833 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 75. Rhenium Re 13 Noddack, Walter Karl Friedrich 1893 - 1960 German (b. Bamberg, Germany) Noddack, Ida Eva Tacke 1896 - 1978 German (b. Lackhausen, Germany) Berg, Otto 1874 - ? German (b. ?) 1925 Berlin, Germany 76. Osmium Os Tennant, Smithson 1761 - 1815 British (b. Selby, England) 1803 London, England 77. Iridium Ir 1761 - 1815 British (b. Selby, England) 78. Platinum Pt Tennant, Smithson N/A N/A N/A 1803 London, England pre 1700 79. Gold Au N/A N/A N/A c. 3000 BC 80. Mercury Hg N/A N/A N/A c. 1500 BC 81. Thallium Tl 1832 - 1919 82. Lead Pb Crookes, Sir William N/A N/A British (b. London, England) 1861 London, England N/A c. 1000 BC 83. Bismuth Bi N/A N/A N/A 84. Polonium Po Curie, Marie 1867 - 1934 French (b. Warsaw, Poland) 1898 Paris, France c. 1500 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 85. Astatine At 14 Corson, Dale Raymond 1914 - American (b. Pittsburg, Kansas, USA) Mackenzie, Kenneth Ross 1912 – 2002* American (b. Portland, Oregon, USA) Segrè, Emilio Gino 1905 - 1989 1940 Berkeley, California, USA Italian-American (b. Tivoli, near Rome, Italy) 86. Radon Rn Dorn, Friedrich Ernst 1848 - 1916 German (b. Guttstadt, Germany) 1900 Halle, Germany 87. Francium Fr 1909 - 1975 French (b. Villemomble, France) 1939 Paris, France 88. Radium Ra Perey, Marguerite Catherine Curie, Marie (Manya née Sklodowska) Curie, Pierre 1867 - 1934 French (b. Warsaw, Poland) 1898 Paris, France 1859 - 1906 French (b. Paris, France) 89. Actinium Ac Debierne, André Louis 1874 - 1949 French (b. Paris, France) 1899 Paris, France 90. Thorium Th Berzelius, Jöns Jakob 1779 - 1848 Swedish (b. Väversunda, Östergötland, Sweden) 1815, 1828 Stockholm, Sweden Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 91. Protactinium Pa Hahn, Otto 1879 - 1968 Meitner, Lise 1878 - 1968 15 German (b. Frankfurt, Germany) Austrian-Swedish (b. Vienna, Austria) Soddy, Frederick 1877 - 1956 British (b. Eastbourne, England) Cranston, John A. British (b. England) 1925 - 1980 Fleck, Sir 1889 - 1968 Alexander, Baron Scottish (b. Glasgow, Scotland) Fajans, Kasimir 1887 - 1975 Polish (b. Warsaw, Poland) 1917 Berlin, Germany Göhring, Otto H. 92. Uranium U Klaproth, Martin Heinrich 1743 - 1817 German (b. Wernigerode, Germany) 1789 Berlin, Germany 93. Neptunium Np McMillan, Edwin M. 1907 - 1991 American (b. Redondo Beach, California, USA) 1940 Berkeley, California, USA Abelson, Philip Hauge 1913 – 2002* American (b. Tacoma, Washington, USA) Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 94. Plutonium 95. Americium 96. Curium 97. Berkelium Pu Am Cm Bk 16 Seaborg, Glenn T. Wahl, Arthur Charles Kennedy, J.W. 1912 - 1999 Seaborg, Glenn T. James, Ralph Arthur Morgan, Leon Owen Ghiorso, Albert 1912 - 1999 Seaborg, Glenn T. James, R.A. Ghiorso, Albert 1912 - 1999 American (b. Ishpeming, Michigan, USA) 1915 - American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) Thompson, S.G. Seaborg, Glenn T. Ghiorso, Albert 1912 - 1976 1912 - 1999 1917 - American (b. Ishpeming, Michigan, USA) American (b. Des Moines, Iowa, USA) 1940 Berkeley, California, USA ? 1920 1919 1915 - 1915 - American (b. Ishpeming, 1944 Michigan, USA) Chicago, Illinois, USA American (b. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) American (b. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA) American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) American (b. Ishpeming, Michigan, USA) American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) 1944 Berkeley, California, USA 1949 Berkeley, California, USA Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 98. Californium Cf Thompson, S.G. Seaborg, Glenn T. Ghiorso, Albert 1912 - 1976 1912 - 1999 1915 - 17 American (b. Ishpeming, Michigan, USA) American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) 1950 Berkeley, California, USA Street, Jr., Kenneth 99. Einsteinium 100. Fermium Es Fm Choppin, Gregory Robert Thompson, Stanley Gerald Harvey, Bernard George Ghiorso, Albert 1927 - Choppin, Gregory Robert Thompson, S.G. Harvey, B.G. 1927 - Ghiorso, Albert 1915 - American (b. Eagle Lake, Texas, USA) 1952 Berkeley, California, USA 1912 - 1976 1919 - ? 1915 - 1912 - 1976 1919 - ? British-American (b. England) American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) American (b. Eagle Lake, Texas, USA) British-American (b. England) American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) 1952 Berkeley, California, USA Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 101. Mendelevium 102. Nobelium Md No Choppin, Gregory Robert 1927 - Thompson, S.G. Harvey, B.G. Ghiorso, Albert 1912 - 1976 Seaborg, Glenn T. 1912 - 1999 Sikkeland, Torbjorn Walton, John Richard Ghiorso, Albert Seaborg, Glenn T. 103. Lawrencium Lr Larsh, Almon E. Sikkeland, Torbjorn Ghiorso, Albert Latimer, Robert M. 1915 - 18 American (b. Eagle Lake, Texas, USA) 1955 Berkeley, California, USA British (b. England) American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) American (b. Ishpeming, Michigan, USA) 1958 Berkeley, California, USA 1923 1915 1912 - 1999 American (b. Chicago Heights, Illinois, USA) American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) American (b. Ishpeming, Michigan, USA) 1961 Berkeley, California, USA 1915 - American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 104. Rutherfordium 105. Dubnium Rf Db Flerov, G.N. Zvara, I.I. Ghiorso, Albert Russian Russian American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) 1964 Dubna, Russia Berkeley, California, USA Russian American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) 1967 Dubna, Russia Berkeley, California, USA American (b. Vallejo, California, USA) German, b. Dachau, Germany 1974 Berkeley, California, USA 1981 Darmstadt, Germany 1935 - German, b. Dachau, Germany 1984 Darmstadt, Germany 1935 - German, b. Dachau, Germany 1982 Darmstadt, Germany 1915 - Flerov, G.N. Ghiorso, Albert 1915 - 106. Seaborgium Sg Ghiorso, Albert 1915 - 107. Bohrium Armbruster, Peter 1935 - Bh 19 Münzenberg, Gottfried 108. Hassium Hs Armbruster, Peter Münzenberg, Gottfried 109. Meitnerium Mt Armbruster, Peter Münzenberg, Gottfried Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 20 110. Ununnilium (Darmstadtium) Uun, Dm Armbruster, Peter Hofmann, S. 1935 - German, b. Dachau, Germany 1994 Darmstadt, Germany 111. Unununium (Roentgenium) Uuu Armbruster, Peter Hofmann, S. 1935 - German, b. Dachau, Germany 1994 Darmstadt, Germany 112. Ununbium Uub Armbruster, Peter Hofmann, S. 1935 - German, b. Dachau, Germany 1996 Darmstadt, Germany *Personal communication from Dr. Joel S. Leventhal, Emeritus Scientist, U.S. Geological Survey, November 28, 2005. DISCOVERERS OF ELEMENTS IN PERIODIC TABLE University Scientists Berlin Meitner, Lise Berlin Noddack, Walter Karl Friedrich Berlin/ Löwig, Carl Jacob Heidelberg Cal Tech Coryell, Charles Dubois Cambridge Cavendish, Henry Cambridge Cambridge Cambridge Cambridge Colegio de San Isidro Copenhagen Dorpat Degree 1922 1921 1830? Elements Discovered Pa Re Br Pm H Gregor, Rev. William Rayleigh, Lord John William Strutt Tennant, Smithson Wollaston, William Hyde del Rio, Andrés Manuel 1935 1753 (no deg.) 1780's 1865 1796 (MD) 1787 (MD) 1781 Öersted, Hans Christian Claus, Carl Ernst 1799 1839 Al Ru Ti Ar Os, Ir Rh, Pd V Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf (Tartu) Ecole Polytech. Ecole Polytech. Ecole Polytech. Ecole Polytech. Ecole Polytech. Ecole Polytech./ Mines Edinburgh Edinburgh Edinburgh England England Freiberg Freiberg Freiberg Freiberg Freiburg Geneva (Klaus, Karl Karlovich) Balard, Antoine Jéróme 1826(pharm) Br Courtois, Bernard 1801 I Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis 1800 B Demarçay, Eugène Anatole 1880 (hon.) Eu Thénard, Louis Jacques 1790's (no deg.) 1830's B Mg O N B, Na, K, Ca, Cd, Ba Nb W W In Ge Hf Ho Germany Germany Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Goettingen Brand, Hennig Klaproth, Martin Heinrich Cranston, John Arnold Crawford, Adair Fleck, Sir Alexander Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm 1754 1767 1772 (MD) no deg. no deg. 1770s 1770s 1850s 1860's 1908 1850s (no deg.) no deg. no deg. 1921 1780 (MD) 1916 1833 de Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard Black, Joseph Priestley, Joseph Rutherford, Daniel Davy, Sir Humphry Hatchett, Charles D'Elhuyar, Don Fausto D'Elhuyar, Don Juan José Richter, Hieronymous Theodor Winkler, Clemens Alexander Hevesy, György Karl von Soret, Jaques Louis Gd, Yb P U, Ti, Zr Pa Sr Pa Rb, Cs 21 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf Goettingen Heidelberg Heidelberg Koenigsberg Koenigsberg Leiden Marburg MIT MIT Oxford Oxford Padua Paris Paris Paris Paris Paris Pavia Princeton Purdue Rheims Rome Roy.Coll. Chem. Sorbonne Sorbonne Sorbonne Stockholm Reich, Ferdinand Auer, Karl, Freiherr von Welsbach Fajans, Kasimir Dorn, Friedrich Ernst Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Coster, Dirk Hahn, Otto Glendenin, Lawrence Elgin Marinsky, Jacob A. Harvey, Bernard George Soddy, Frederick Magnus, Albertus St. de Boisbaudran, Paul Émile Lecoq Moissan, Ferdinand Frederic Henri Perey, Marguerite Catherine Urbain, Georges Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas Sniadecki, Jedrzej Andrzej McMillan, Edwin Mattison Walton, John Richard Brandt, Georg Segré, Emilio Gino Crookes, Sir William 1819+ 1882 1909 1871 1847 1922 1901 1949 1949 1958 1898 (BSc) 1220s no deg. 1880 1929 (Dipl.) 1899 1780's 1793 (MD) 1932 1957 1726 (MD) 1928 1854 Curie, Marie (Manya née Sklodowska) 1902 Curie, Pierre 1895 Debierne, André Louis Arfvedson, Johann August 1800s (no deg.) Stockholm Hisinger, Wilhelm, Baron von no deg. Texas Choppin, Gregory Robert 1953 Transylvania Müller, Franz Joseph von Reichenstein no deg. In Pr, Nd Pa Rn Rb, Cs Hf Pa Pm Pm Es, Fm, Md Pa As Ga, Sm, Dy F Fr Lu Be, Cr Ru Np No Co Tc, At Th Po, Ra Ra Ac Li Ce Es, Fm, Md Te 22 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf TU Berlin TU Munich Noddack, Ida Eva Tacke Armbruster, Peter 1920 1961 Tuebingen Ramsay, Sir William UC Berkeley Corson, Dale Raymond UC Berkeley Ghiorso, Albert 1873 1938 1937(BSc) UC Berkeley UC Berkeley UC Berkeley UC Berkeley UC Berkeley James, Ralph Arthur Kennedy, Joseph William Mackenzie, Kenneth Ross Morgan, Leon Owen Seaborg, Glenn T. 1948 1939 1940 1947 1937 UC Berkeley UC Berkeley UC Berkeley UC Berkeley UC London Uppsala Uppsala Uppsala/ Mines Uppsala Uppsala Uppsala Uppsala Uppsala Uppsala Uppsala Street, Jr., Kenneth Thompson, Stanley Gerald Wahl, Arthur Charles Abelson, Philip Hauge Travers, Morris William Berzelius, Jöns Jakob Cleve, Per Theodor Cronstedt, Axel Frederik, Baron 1949 1948 1942 1939 1893 (BSc) 1802 (MD) 1863 1748(no Ph.D.) 1788 1780's 1770 1770's 1825 (MD) 1866 1770s Ekeberg, Anders Gustaf Gadolin, Johann Gahn, Johan Gottlieb Hjelm, Peter Jacob Mosander, Carl Gustav Nilson, Lars Frederick Scheele, Carl Wilhelm Berg, Otto Delafontaine, Marc Flerov, G.N. Re Bh, Hs, Mt, Uun, Uuu, Uub He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe At Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr, Sg Cm Pu At Am Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Md, No, Pu Cf Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md Pu Np Xe, Ne, Kr Si, Se, Ce, Th Ho, Tm Ni Ta Y Mn Mo La, Er, Tb Sc O, Cl Re Ho Db, Rf 23 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf Göhring, Otto H. Hofmann, S. James, C. Larsh, Almon E. Latimer, Robert M. Münzenberg, Gottfried Perrier, Carlo Sikkeland, Torbjorn Zvara, I.I. 24 Pa Dm, Z = 111, 112 Lu Lr Lr Bh, Hs, Mt Tc No, Lr Rf PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm 25 Md No Lr PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS (BY COUNTRY OF DISCOVERY) C S Fe Cu Zn Ag Pt Au Hg Sn Sb Pb Bi References: Emsley, John, The Elements, 3rd. ed., Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1998. Bohlke, J.K.; De Bievre, P.; Hidika, H.; Pieser, H.S.; Rosman, K.J.R.; Taylor, P.D.P. Pure Appl. Chem. 2003, 75, 683 – 800, “Atomic weights of the elements: review 2000”. Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf Magnusson, Magnus (ed.), Cambridge Biographical Dictionary, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1990. TIMELINE OF DISCOVERY OF ELEMENTS OF PERIODIC TABLE (ARRANGED BY YEAR OF DISCOVERY) Year Discovered ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY -5000 -3000 -3000 -2500 -2100 -1600 -1000 -1000 1250 1374 1500 1669 1700 1735 1751 1755 1766 1772 1774 1774 1774 Element Name Carbon Sulfur Copper Silver Gold Iron Tin Antimony Mercury Lead Arsenic Zinc Bismuth Phosphorus Platinum Cobald Nickel Magnesium Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Chlorine Manganese Element Symbol C S Cu Ag Au Fe Sn Sb Hg Pb As Zn Bi P Pt Co Ni Mg H N O Cl Mn Atomic Number, Z 6 16 29 47 79 26 50 51 80 82 33 30 83 15 78 27 28 12 1 7 8 17 25 Discoverers ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY ANTIQUITY MAGNUS UNKNOWN UNKNOWN BRAND ANTIQUITY BRANDT CRONSTEDT BLACK CAVENDISH RUTHERFORD, D. SCHEELE SCHEELE GAHN 26 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 1780 1781 1783 1789 1789 1792 1793 1794 1797 1798 1801 1801 1802 1803 1803 1803 Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Zirconium Uranium Titanium Strontium Yttrium Berylium Tellurium Vanadium Niobium Tantalum Rhodium Palladium Cerium Cr Mo W Zr U Ti Sr Y Be Te V Nb Ta Rh Pd Ce 24 42 74 40 92 22 38 39 4 52 23 41 73 45 46 58 1803 1803 1807 1807 1808 Osmium Iridium Sodium Potassium Boron Os Ir Na K B 76 77 11 19 5 1808 1808 Calcium Ruthenium Ca Ru 20 44 1808 1811 1815 1817 1817 1817 Barium Iodine Thorium Lithium Selenium Cadmium Ba I Th Li Se Cd 56 53 90 3 34 48 KLAPROTH; VAUQUELIN HJELM D'ELHUYAR KLAPROTH KLAPROTH KLAPROTH KLAPROTH GADOLIN KLAPROTH; VAUQUELIN KLAPROTH DEL RIO HATCHETT EKEBERG WOLLASTON WOLLASTON KLAPROTH; BERZELIUS; HISINGER TENNANT TENNANT DAVY DAVY THENARD; GAYLUSSAC DAVY SNIADECKI, OSANN, CLAUS (KLAUS) DAVY COURTOIS BERZELIUS ARFVEDSON BERZELIUS STROMEYER; DAVY 27 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 1824 1825 1826 1839 1842 1843 1860 1861 1861 1863 1875 1878 1878 1879 1879 1879 1880 1885 1885 1886 1886 1886 1894 1895 1898 1898 1898 1898 1898 1899 1900 1901 Silicon Aluminum Bromine Lanthanum Erbium Terbium Cesium Rubidium Thalium Indium Gallium Holmium Ytterbium Scandium Samarium Thulium Gadolinium Praesodymium Neodymium Fluorine Germanium Dysprosium Argon Helium Neon Krypton Xenon Polonium Radium Actinium Radon Europium Si Al Br La Er Tb Cs Rb Tl In Ga Ho Yb Sc Sm Tm Gd Pr Nd F Ge Dy Ar He Ne Kr Xe Po Ra Ac Rn Eu 14 13 35 57 68 65 55 37 81 49 31 67 70 21 62 69 64 59 60 9 32 66 18 2 10 36 54 84 88 89 86 63 BERZELIUS OERSTED LOWIG; BALARD MOSANDER MOSANDER MOSANDER BUNSEN; KIRCHHOFF BUNSEN; KIRCHHOFF CROOKES REICH; RICHTER BOISBAUDRAN CLEVE MARIGNAC NILSON BOISBAUDRAN CLEVE MARIGNAC VON AUER VON AUER MOISSAN WINKLER BOISBAUDRAN RAMSAY; TRAVERS RAMSAY; TRAVERS RAMSAY; TRAVERS RAMSAY; TRAVERS RAMSAY; TRAVERS CURIE, M.; CURIE, P. CURIE, M.; CURIE, P. DEBIERNE DORN DEMARCAY 28 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 1907 1917 Lutetium Protactinium Lu Pa 71 91 1923 1925 Hafnium Rhenium Hf Re 72 75 1939 1940 Francium Astatine Fr At 87 85 1940 Neptunium Np 93 1940 1943 1944 1944 1945 1949 1950 1952 1952 1955 Plutonium Technetium Americium Curium Promethium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendeleevium Pu Tc Am Cm Pm Bk Cf Es Fm Md 94 43 95 96 61 97 98 99 100 101 1958 1961 1964 1967 1974 1981 1982 Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Meitnerium No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Mt 102 103 104 105 106 107 109 1984 1994 Hassium Darmstadtium Hs Dm 108 110 URBAIN SODDY; MEITNER; FAJAN COSTER NODDACK, W.; NODDACK, I. PEREY SEGRE; CORSON; MACKENZIE; SEGRE ABELSON; MCMILLAN; SEABORG SEABORG SEGRE SEABORG SEABORG CORYELL; MARINSKY SEABORG; THOMPSON SEABORG; THOMPSON CHOPPIN; THOMPSON CHOPPIN; THOMPSON CHOPPIN; SEABORG; THOMPSON SEABORG LAWRENCE VARIOUS RUSSIANS VARIOUS RUSSIANS GHIORSO GHIORSO ARMBRUSTER; MUENZENBERG GHIORSO ARMBRUSTER; 29 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf 30 HOFMAN TIMELINE OF DISCOVERY OF ELEMENTS OF PERIODIC TABLE 4 3 2 1 YEAR 1984 1974 1961 1952 1945 1940 1923 1901 1898 1886 1879 1863 1843 1826 1817 1808 1802 1797 1792 1781 1772 1751 1669 0 1250 NUMBER OF ELEMENTS DISCOVERED 5
