Background Guide
Legal
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The United Nations, General Assembly of the United Nations. Legal – Sixth Committee,
http://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/index.shtml.
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United Nations Charter, Article 13.
3
United Nations General Assembly Rules and Procedures, art. 98: Alan Boyle and Christine Chinkin, The Making
of International Law, 116-117.
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The United Nations, "Uniting Against Terrorism." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 23 Aug. 2012.
<http://www.un.org/unitingagainstterrorism/chap6.htm>.
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5
VAN SLIEDREGT, ELIES. "European Approaches to Fighting Terrorism." Duke Journal of Comparative and
International Law 20.413 (n.d.): 413-27. Web.
6
Taliban, Al-Qaida, Sanctions Committee, United Nations 1267 Committee, Resolution 1267." UN News Center.
The United Nations, n.d. Web. 24 Aug. 2012. <http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/aq_sanctions_list.shtml>.
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"United Nations Action to Counter Terrorism, Counter-terrorism, Global Counter-terrorism Strategy, General
Assembly and Counter-terrorism, Secretary-general and Counter Terrorism." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 19
Aug. 2012. <http://www.un.org/terrorism/instruments.shtml>.
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"Text and Status of the United Nations Conventions on Terrorism." UNTC. The United Nations, n.d. Web. 19 Aug.
2012. <http://treaties.un.org/Pages/DB.aspx?path=DB/studies/page2_en.xml>.
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9
Hoffman (1998), p. 32, See review in The New York TimesInside Terrorism
Ben Saul, “Defining ‘Terrorism’ to Protect Human Rights” in Sydney Law School Legal Studies Research Paper
,No. 08-125 (2008) p. 1
11
Ibid.
12
"CNSNews.com." Almost 10 Years After 9/11, U.N. Still Grappling to Define Terrorism. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Aug.
2012. <http://cnsnews.com/news/article/almost-10-years-after-911-un-still-grappling-define-terrorism>.
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CNSNews.
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Arquilla, John, and David F. Ronfeldt. Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy. Santa
Monica, CA: Rand, 2001. Print.
158 "Uniting Against Terrorism." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 07 Aug. 2012.
<http://www.un.org/unitingagainstterrorism/chap5.htm>.
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VAN SLIEDREGT
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Fassbender, Bardo. "Targeted Sanctions and Due Process." Humboldt-Universitat Zu Berlin (2006): 2-59. Web. 6
Aug. 2012.
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"Council on Foreign Relations." Council on Foreign Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Aug. 2012.
<http://www.cfr.org/world/world-opinion-terrorism/p20023>.
19
VAN SLIEDREGT, ELIES
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Ibid.
Ibid.
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Ibid.
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Dickinson, Laura A. "USING LEGAL PROCESS TO FIGHT TERRORISM: DETENTIONS, MILITARY
COMMISSIONS, INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS, AND THE RULE OF LAW." Southern California Law
Review 75.1407 (n.d.): 1407-492. Web. 19 Aug. 2012. <http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~usclrev/pdf/075602.pdf>.
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The United States of America. The Executive Branch: The White House. Office of the Press Secretary.
PERIODIC REVIEW OF INDIVIDUALS DETAINED AT GUANTÁNAMO BAY NAVAL STATION
PURSUANT TO THE AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF MILITARY FORCE. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 7 Mar. 2011. Web.
19 Aug. 2012. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/Executive_Order_on_Periodic_Review.pdf>.
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Council on Foreign Relations.
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U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2007." United States Department of State Publication
Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Apr. 2007. Web. 23 Aug. 2012.
<http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/105904.pdf>.
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Denmark. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Fighting Terror Through Justice:Implementing the IGAD Framework for
Legal Cooperation Against Terrorism FINAL REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON LEGAL COOPERATION
AGAINST TERRORISM IN THE IGAD SUBREGION MAY 2012. Center on Global Counterterrorism
Cooperation, n.d. Web. 19 Aug. 2012.
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U.S Department of State (2007)
U.S. Department of State, Patterns of Global Terrorism—2000 (Washington, D.C.: Office of the Co- ordinator for
Counterterrorism, Department of State).
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U.S Department of State (2007)
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"Uzbekistan Fights Terrorism, Not Religion, Analysts Say." Central Asia Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Aug. 2012.
<http://centralasiaonline.com/en_GB/articles/caii/features/main/2011/09/12/feature-01>.
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U.S. Department of State, page 9.
Ibid.
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34 International Committee of the Red Cross, “Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed
Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.” Last modified 2005. http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/f6c8b9fee14a77fdc125641e0052b079.
35 International Committee of the Red Cross, “The relevance of IHL in the context of terrorism.” Last modified 2011.
http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/terrorism-ihl-210705.htm
36 International Committee of the Red Cross, “Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949.” Last modified 2005.
http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/375?OpenDocument
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37 International Committee of the Red Cross, “International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries, 4 December 1989.” Last modified
2005. http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/530?OpenDocument
38 International Committee of the Red Cross, “International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries, 4 December 1989 – State
Parties/Signatories.” Last modified 2005. http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebSign?ReadForm&id=530&ps=P
39 International Committee of the Red Cross, “Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed
Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977 – State Parties/Signatories.” Last modified 2005. http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebSign?ReadForm&id=470&ps=P
40 Milliard, Todd S. “Overcoming Post-Colonial Myopia: A Call to Recognize and Regulate Private Military Companies.” Military Law Review. 176. June (2003): Page 5.
http://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=444673
41 International Committee of the Red Cross, “The Montreux Document on Private Military and Security Companies.” Last modified 2012. Accessed October 16, 2012.
http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/publication/p0996.htm
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42 International Committee of the Red Cross, “Governments acknowledge duty to control private military and security companies.” Last modified 2012. Accessed October 16,
2012. http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/feature/2008/montreux-document-feature-170908.htm
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43 “The Montreux Document.” Accessed October 16, 2012. http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/WGMilitary/Session1/MontreuxDocument.pdf.
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44 Páez, Ángel. Inter-Press Agency, “PERU-IRAQ: A Year in Hell for 1,000 Dollars a Month.” Last modified 2007. Accessed October 22, 2012.
http://www.ipsnews.net/2007/11/peru-iraq-a-year-in-hell-for-1000-dollars-a-month/.
45 United States Department of Defense, “Secretary Rumsfeld's Remarks to the John Hopkins, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced Internation.” Last modified 2005. Accessed
October 22, 2012. http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=1361.
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46 “The Montreux Document.” Accessed October 16, 2012.
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47 Stoddard, Abby, Adele Harmer, and Victoria DiDomenico. HPG Policy Briefs, “Private Security Providers and Services in Humanitarian Operations.” Last modified 2009.
Accessed October 22, 2012. http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=2844&title=private-security-providers-humanitarian-operations.
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48 Merle, Renae. “Census Counts 100,000 Contractors in Iraq.” The Washington Post, December 05, 2006. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2006/12/04/AR2006120401311.html (accessed October 18, 2012).
49 Higgins, Alexander G. “US rejects UN mercenary report.” October 17, 2007. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-10-17-3392316246_x.htm (accessed October
18, 2012).
50 Stockman, Farah. “Contractors in War Zones Lose Immunity: Bill provision allows military prosecutions.” The Boston Globe, January 07, 2007.
http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2007/01/07/contractors_in_war_zones_lose_immunity/ (accessed October 18, 2012).
51 See footnotes 5 and 6
52 Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, "Participating States of the Montreux Document." Last modified 2012. Accessed October 20, 2012.
http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/topics/intla/humlaw/pse/parsta.html.
53 United States Department of Defense, “Secretary Rumsfeld's Remarks to the John Hopkins, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced Internation.” Last modified 2005. Accessed
October 24, 2012. http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=1361.
54 United Nations Department of Public Information, “Intergovernmental Working Group Established by Human Rights Council to Elaborate Convention on Regulating Private
Security Companies, Third Committee Told.” Last modified 2010. Accessed October 19, 2012. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/gashc3991.doc.htm.
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55 Gordon, Michael R. “Civilians to Take U.S. Lead as Military Leaves Iraq.” The New York Times, August 18, 2010.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/19/world/middleeast/19withdrawal.html?_r=1&ref=private_military_companies (accessed October 22, 2012).
56 See footnotes 5 and 6
57 Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, "Participating States of the Montreux Document." Last modified 2012. Accessed October 20, 2012.
http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/topics/intla/humlaw/pse/parsta.html.
58 Páez, Ángel. Inter-Press Agency, “PERU-IRAQ: A Year in Hell for 1,000 Dollars a Month.” Last modified 2007. Accessed October 22, 2012.
http://www.ipsnews.net/2007/11/peru-iraq-a-year-in-hell-for-1000-dollars-a-month/.
59 Cameron, James. International Committee of the Red Cross, “Private military companies: their status under international humanitarian law and its impact on their regulation.”
Last modified 2006. Accessed October 22, 2012. http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/irrc_863_cameron.pdf.
60 Peleschuk, Dan. “Private Military Companies May Appear in Russia – Rogozin.” RIA Novosti, September 19, 2012. http://en.ria.ru/crime/20120919/176067373.html (accessed
October 22, 2012).
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61 Nigel D White, and Sorcha MacLeod, “EU Operations and Private Military Contractors: Issues of Corporate and Institutional Responsibility,” The European Journal of
International Law, 19, no. 5 (2008): pg. 2, http://www.ejil.org/pdfs/19/5/1708.pdf (accessed October 22, 2012).
62 Francesco Francioni, “Private Military Contractors and International Law: An Introduction,” The European Journal of International Law, 19, no. 5 (2008): pg. 961-964,
http://ejil.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/5/961.full (accessed October 22, 2012).
63 Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, "Participating States of the Montreux Document." Last modified 2012. Accessed October 20, 2012.
http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/topics/intla/humlaw/pse/parsta.html.
64 See footnotes 5 and 6
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