Twinningový Projekt
FINANCNÍ NÁSTROJE
pro implementaci acquis v oblasti
životního prostredí
Regional Seminar Waste
Jihlava
4th October 2004
Praha
5th October 2004
Walter HAUER
Tim YOUNG
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
1
Content
• EC Landfilling Directive
• Waste quantities, currently and prognosis,
examples, contribution of separate collection
• Capacities needed for stabilisation of residual
MSW and investments needed in the CR
• Basic Technologies for the stabilisation of
residual MSW
• Creating and Assessing Waste-ManagementOptions, Cost accounting
• OP-Infra and Cohesion Fund
• Manual and CD
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
2
The System Landfill
landfill gas
landfill
leachate
groundwater
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
3
Sanitary Landfill:
The Multi-Barrier-System
Safeguard 1:
Site selection (hydrogeology)
Safeguard 2:
Top sealing (capping)
Safeguard 3:
Leachate control (mineral liner,
mineral + HDPE liner)
Safeguard 4:
prescriptive
Leachate collection
described
and treatment
Technical
Standard
Safeguard 5:
objective based targets
Reduction of landfilling
biodegradable waste
About the European approach...
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
4
Targets given by EC Landfill Directive
Quantity of landfilled biodegradable MSW
in relation to the year 1995
Four years extension
period for member states landfilled
more than 80% of MSW in
the year 1995
100%
75%
50%
2020
2013
2009
2010
2006
0%
1995
25%
Year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
5
Waste Management Targets
MSW
TKO
Treatment for
disposal
„stabilisation“
50%
Separate
Collection for:
Recycling
Composting
Recovering
100% 50%
20-30%
required by the
Landfilling
EC Landfill Directive
required by the
Waste Management Plan
of the CR
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
6
Content
• EC Landfilling Directive
• Waste quantities, currently and prognosis,
examples, contribution of separate collection
• Capacities needed for stabilisation of residual
MSW and investments nedded in the CR
• Basic Technologies for the stabilisation of
residual MSW
• Creating and Assessing Waste-ManagementOptions, Cost accounting
• OP-Infra and Cohesion Fund
• Manual and CD
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
7
Example for the development of MSWquantities - Federal State of Bavaria
600
kg MSW per inh.yr
500
103
122
400
138
156
162
164
5
13
19
25
114
115
124
130
152
161 161
50
recycled MSW
74
300
94
22
23
130 138
energy recovery of MSW
biological recovered MSW
residual MSW
200
359
285
100
253
223
214
207
203
195 190
0
1991 1993 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
8
Example for the development of MSWquantities - City of Innsbruck
600
57
500
45
34
51
37
49
57
68
204
87 113 141 168
172 190
219
226 216
220 226
Biowaste
Recyclables
Residual +
Bulky Waste
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
0
1989
100
Target
Environmental
293 305 307 299 294 283
267 262 Plan: 180 kg
264 254 250
226 224 228 233 243 248
1988
200
1987
kg / inh., yr
59
38
400
300
45
46
47
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
9
Example for forecast-scenarios of
Waste-quantities - City of Vienna
1.000 tons per year
2.300
WORST CASE (PESSIMISTIC)
yearly growing rate of Waste quantity: 3,48%
2.200
2.100
2.000
1.900
1.800
TREND (PLAUSIBLE DEVELOP.)
yearly growing rate 1,77%
(until 2010 in total 19%)
1.700
yearly growing rate 0,56%
1.600
yearly growing rate 1,32%
optimistic waste avoidance
optimistic recycling
realistic waste avoidance
realistic recycling
1.500
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
10
Development of MSW-Quantities
in Austria
1.000 t/a
t/rok
kg/inh.a
3.500
3.000
Other Recycleables
Packagings (Plastics, Metals)
400
350
Biowaste
2.500 300
Glass
2.000 250
Paper
1.500 200
1.000
Bulky waste
Residual MSW
100
500
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1980
1978
1972
Waste from households total
0
Waste diposed
Year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
11
Waste Management Targets
MSW
TKO
Treatment for
disposal
50%
Separate
Collection for:
Recycling
Composting
Recovering
100% 50%
20-30%
required by the
EC Landfill Directive
Landfilling
required by the
Waste Management Plan
of the CR
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
12
Quantity and composition of residual
MSW in Austria, 1991 and 1998
2.250
1.000 t/yr
255 kg/inh.a
Biowaste
2.000
Paper
1.750
1.500
1.250
biodegradable
140
kg/inh.a
1.000
160 kg/inh.a
Other waste
Textiles
54
kg/inh.a
750
Hazardous waste
Metals
Other plastics
500
Plastic and
compound packagings
250
0
Glass packagings
1991
1998
Separate collection of Paper/Cardboard and Biowaste
can deliver the highest contribution to the reduction of
residual MSW-quantity
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
13
The effect of separate collection of
biodegradable MSW - Example
Task
landfilled
biodegradables
are to be
reduced
by 65%
MSW
to 35%
biodegradable
50%
150 kg/inh.yr
not
biodegradable
50%
150 kg/inh.yr
300 kg/inh.yr
biodegradable
52.5 kg/inh.yr
105 kg/inh.yr
landfilling
no separate
collection
and recycling
separate collection
and recycling
of 50% of all
biodegradables
minimum treatment
of residual MSW
minimum treatment
of residual MSW
biodegradable
residual MSW
50%
for further
not biolandfilling
degradable
50%
biodegradable
50%
195 kg/inh.yr
stabilisation
residual
not biodegradable MSW to be
stabilised
50%
300 kg/inh.yr
biodegradable 33%
52,5 kg/inh.yr
157,5 kg/inh.yr
not biodegradable
67%
biodegradable
50% separate
collection
75 kg/inh.yr
biodegr 22,5 kg
not biodegradable
67%
67,5 kg/inh.yr
300 kg/inh.yr
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
14
Economic advantage of separate
collection of biodegradable MSW
• Separate collection and recycling of
biodegradable MSW (Paper,
cardboard, biowaste) saves money
even the separate collection has
higher specific costs than MSW
disposal
• in the example before separate
collection can cost 2.500 Kc/t while
MSW disposal costs Kc/t 2.000;
landfilling calculated with Kc/t 1.300
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
15
Exemplary cost comparison of
alternatives (for 2020)
€/t
40
20
0
-20
-40
Competition
Operational costs
Investment costs
Grant
70%of investment
Earnings from
selling
Separate collection of
biodegradable MSW,
Landfill
Separate Splitting of residual
Incineration
MBTh
collection MSW and landfilling of
and
recycling not biodegradable
(paper)
parts of MSW
is advantagous
16
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management
- Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
Possible Future
Možná budoucnost
500
kg/inh.a
kg/obyv. rok
Hazardous waste
Problemové látky
Textiles
Textilie
?
400
Wood
Drevo
Plastic packagings
plastové obaly
Glass
300
Sklo
Metals
Kovy
Paper
200
Papír
Biogenics
Biologický odpad
Bulky Waste
100
Neskladný odpad
MSW
Moravskoslezský kraj
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1992
200?
2001
0
2000
Domovní odpad
MSW and
Bulky Waste
Domovní a neskladný odpad
Gänserndorf
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
17
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
18
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
19
Prognosis for the CR
Quantity [1.000 t/a]
calculated
average growing rates:
4.500
4.000
MSW: + 0,8% per year
3.500
separate collected MSW:
+ 4,1% per year
3.000
residual MSW:
constant with 287 kg/inh.yr
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
optimistic scenario
minus 3%/a until
2013
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
0
2001
500
2005
1.000
2004
1.500
2003
2.000
2002
other waste collected separately
hazardous waste
wood
textiles
metals
plastics
glass
paper
biowaste
residual MSW
2.500
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
20
Waste Management Targets
MSW
TKO
Treatment for
disposal
50%
Separate
Collection for:
Recycling
Composting
Recovering
100% 50%
20-30%
required by the
EC Landfill Directive
Landfilling
required by the
Waste Management Plan
of the CR
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
21
Content
• EC Landfilling Directive
• Waste quantities, currently and prognosis,
examples, contribution of separate collection
• Capacities needed for stabilisation of residual
MSW and investments nedded in the CR
• Basic Technologies for the stabilisation of
residual MSW
• Creating and Assessing Waste-ManagementOptions, Cost accounting
• OP-Infra and Cohesion Fund
• Manual and CD
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
22
Targets of EC Landfill Directive
and Situation in the CR
BRKO target
1.000 tons per year of BRKO
2.000
BRKO total
1.770.000 t/a
1.800
1.600
1.530.000 t/a
1.400
1.327.500 t/a
1.622.500 t/a
1.380.000 t/a
BRKO remaining for
disposal considering
existing incinerators
without rising share
1.265.000 t/a
1.147.500 t/a
1.200
1.000
800
400
200
3
765.000 t/a
optim. scenario
minus 3%/a
residual MSW
until 2013
600
2
1
1.035.000 t/a
535.500 t/a
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
BRKO to be stabilised
considering raising
shares of biodegradables
BRKO to be stabilised
considering stable
shares of biodegradables
0
2004
BRKO remaining for
disposal considering
existing incinerators
year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
23
Capacities for stabilising residual
MSW needed in the CR
2.000
~2.050.000 t/a
1.000 tons per year
~1.750.000 t/a
1.800
~1.550.000 t/a
1.600
1.400
1.250.000 t/a
1.200
1.000
1
800
3
2
650.000 t/a
600
400
existing incineration capacities
Residual MSW treatment
capacities needed
considering constant
BRKO share
Residual MSW treatment
capacities needed
considering rising shares
of BRKO (following
metodika BRKO)
Minimum additional
capacities needed for
residual MSW
treatment
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
0
2004
200
BRKO target
year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
24
Capacities for stabilising residual MSW
needed in the CR - optimistic scenario
2.000
1.000 tons per year
BRKO target
1.800
Residual MSW treatment
capacities needed
considering constant
BRKO share
1.600
1.400
1.200
~950.000 t/a
1.000
3
800
650.000 t/a
600
400
existing incineration capacities
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
0
2004
200
Minimum additional
capacities needed for
residual MSW
treatment
year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
25
Capacities for stabilising residual
MSW needed in the CR
• From 2013 at least 600.000 t/yr,
following the metodika BRKO with rising
shares of biodegradable residual MSW
900.000 t/yr
• From 2020 capacities of at least
1.100.000 t/yr are needed in addition to
current existing capacities
• Considering the optimistic scenario the
existing capacity would be enough until
2019 and from 2020 additional
capacities of about 300.000 t/yr would
be needed
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
26
Investments needed
•
To install the additional capacities investments in a
range of Kc 7.8 billion to Kc 11.4 billion
respectively Kc 11.8 - 17.3 billion have to be
estimated needed until the year 2012.
The range of the investment is dependent from the
chosen technology.
•
Until the year 2020 the investments needed are
to be estimated with a range of Kc 14 billion to Kc
21 billion.
Investment in Billion Kc
•
In case of the optimistic scenario 20
investments of Kc 4 billion to
6 billion until 2020 are sufficiant 15
•
The calculation uses the following input data:
- specific investment costs for
mass burn incinerator facilities:
Kc/t 13,000 - 19,000
- specific investment costs for
mechanical biological treatment plants:
Kc/t 4,500 - 7,500
10
5
0
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
2020
27
Content
• EC Landfilling Directive
• Waste quantities, currently and prognosis,
examples, contribution of separate collection
• Capacities needed for stabilisation of residual
MSW and investments nedded in the CR
• Basic Technologies for the stabilisation of
residual MSW
• Creating and Assessing Waste-ManagementOptions, Cost accounting
• OP-Infra and Cohesion Fund
• Manual and CD
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
28
Basic technical alternatives for residual
waste treatment prior to landfill
Thermal Treatment
Residual Waste
(Mechanical Treatment)
Mechanical / Biological /
Thermal Treatment
Residual Waste
Mechanical Treatment
Heavy Fraction
Biological „Inerting“
Thermal Treatment
Landfill
Light Fraction
Thermal Treatment
Landfill
(+ some utilization
for landscaping etc.)
Landfill
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
29
Mechanical-Biological-Thermal
Treatment
Residual MSW
100%
Possibility for adding
bulky waste
Shredding
Sieving
magn. Sep.
Heavy fraction
47%
Light fraction
50%
Metals 3%
rotting
losses
25%
Biologic
degradation
Landfill
0,47*0,75=35%
Recycling
Incineration
Possibility for adding
sewage sludge
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
30
Conventional MSW Incineration Plant
Delivery
Grid
Bunker
Energy recovery
Vessel
Flue Gas Cleaning Unit
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
33
Technologies for Stabilisation of
residual MSW used in Austria
Wels
Dürnrohr
Spittelau
Flötzersteig
Arnoldstein
Lenzing
Niklasdorf
WSO4 (EBS)
Kufstein
Siggerwiesen
Oberpullendorf
Frohnleiten
Linz
ab 2009
Mechanische Behandlung
Mechanisch-Biologische Behandlung
> 50.000 t/a
Müllverbrennungsanlage
(Rostfeuerung)
> 100.000 t/a
Müllverbrennungsanlage
(Rostfeuerung)
< 100.000 t/a
Nutzung der hochkalor. Fraktion
(Wirbelschichtfeuerung)
> 100.000 t/a
Nutzung der hochkalor. Fraktion
(Wirbelschichtfeuerung)
< 100.000 t/a
Mechanisch-Biologische Behandlung
< 50.000 t/a
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
34
Technologies for Stabilisation of
residual MSW used in Austria
Federal
“Land” Kraj
Capital
Population
(millions)
MSW management in 2004
Vienna
1,70
Classical incineration, partially
production of RDF
Lower Austria St. Pölten
1,40
Mainly classical incineration
Burgenland
Eisenstadt
0,25
Mechanical Biological Thermal
Styria
Graz
1,10
Mechanical Biological Thermal
Carinthia
Klagenfurt
0,45
classical incineration
Salzburg
Salzburg
0,70
Mechanical Biological Thermal
Tyrol
Innsbruck
0,65
? Mechanical Biological Thermal
Vorarlberg
Bregenz
0,40
? Export
1,35
Classical incineration and MBT
8,0
45-50 % Incin., 40-45 % MBT,
10 % Export / not yet decided
Upper Austria Linz
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
35
Technical Standards
Best Available Technique BAT
• Incineration:
Best Available Techniques for
Waste Incineration
• MBT-plants
Best Available Techniques for the
Waste Treatment Industries
– Definition of the term “stabilised” is
needed
Details see CD
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
36
Content
• EC Landfilling Directive
• Waste quantities, currently and prognosis,
examples, contribution of separate collection
• Capacities needed for stabilisation of residual
MSW and investments nedded in the CR
• Basic Technologies for the stabilisation of
residual MSW
• Creating and Assessing Waste-ManagementOptions, Cost accounting
• OP-Infra and Cohesion Fund
• Manual and CD
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
37
Planning Process
Time schedule
finance planning
PR
Activities
needed
Renewing existing plants
new plants
organisational structure
Political decision
Strategic environmental
assessment
Regional
WMP
Regional targets
Vision
values
Waste amount /
composition
forecast
Legislative
Infrastructural
NWMP
basis
basis
Regional and Legal Frame
Current
WM-figures
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
38
Creating Options
Collection
normal
separate
collection
Treatment of
remaining MSW
Disposal of
remaining MSW
Incineration
2.
RDF-Incineration
3.
intensified
Mechanical
separate
treatment
collection
The four most interesting options are as follows. All of them start
with more intense separate collection (in line with the waste hierarchy
and EU and Czech waste management policy), followed by one of
the following:
1. Landfilling of the remaining MSW (reference option)
2. Conventional incineration of the remaining MSW
3. Mechanical treatment of the remaining MSW followed by
incineration or co-incineration of refuse-derived fuel for the high
calorific fraction, and direct landfilling of the low calorific fraction
4. As for option 3 but also with biological treatment of the low
calorific fraction
Biological
treatment
4.
Landfilling
1.
Not compliant
In compliance with
landfill directive
No need for MSW,
butHAUER
e.g./ Tim
for
sludge39
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter
YOUNG
Calculation Principles
• All options are concerning the same
system boundaries
• As few treatment as needed to meet ECLandfilling-Directive requirements and
Landfilling as much as possible
• Regional BRKO-target is calculated
according to calculation method of MoE
• Share of BRKO increases in the future
according to calculation method of MoE
• Treatment of sewage sludge is not
included in the capacities needed
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
40
System Boundaries
•
•
Inside the system boundaries (effects considered)
– Transport of waste from transfer stations to the facility (if
any)
– Utilization of energy as heat and/or electricity at the
planned facility
– Disposal / recovery of all output materials
– Employment in direct connection with the planned facility
– Effects of accidents within the facility - possibly for the risk
assessment
Outside the system boundaries (effects not considered)
– Waste collection and transport direct to the facility or to
transfer stations
– Collection and treatment of other wastes than residual
MSW
– Distribution of energy (heat and/or electricity)
– Production of by-products and operation materials
– Environmental effects of the construction phase
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
41
Current Situation
MSW
Residual MSW
156.000 t/a
Recycling
Recovery
Landfilling
156.000 t/a
Should be
increased up to
50% until 2010
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
42
Option 1 Classical Incineration
MSW
Residual MSW
156.000 t/a
Recycling
Recovery
Landfilling
Conventional
Incineration
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
43
Option 1 Classical Incineration
Incineration MSW
Landfilling without other treatment
Capacity needed for HK [t/a]
160.000
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Year
2014
2016
2018
2020
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
44
Option 1 - Classical Incineration
Regions of Hradec Králové and Pardubice
MSWIncineration Plant
Catchment
areas for
landfilling
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
45
Option 2a – MBT with Priority on
Incineration of Light Fraction
MSW
Residual MSW
156.000
Mechanical
Pretreatment
Heavy
Fraction
Landfilling
Biological
treatment
Recycling
Recovery
Light
Fraction
Incineration
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
46
Option 2a – MBT with Priority on
Incineration of Light Fraction
Capacity needed for HK [t/a]
Incineration MSW
Landfilling without other treatment
Biological treatment
160.000
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
47
Option 2b – MBT with Priority on
Biological Treatment of Heavy Fraction
MSW
Residual MSW
156.000 t/a
Mechanical
Pretreatment
Light
Fraction
Landfilling
Incineration
Recycling
Recovery
Heavy
Fraction
Biological
treatment
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
48
Option 2b – MBT with Priority on
Biological Treatment of Heavy Fraction
Capacity needed for HK [t/a]
Incineration RDF
Landfilling without other treatment
Biological treatment
160.000
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
49
Option 2c – MBT with balanced treatment
of Light and Heavy Fraction
MSW
Residual MSW
Mechanical Pretreatment
Minimum quantity needed
Land
filling
Maximum
quantitiy
possible
50%
Light
Fraction
47%
Heavy
Fraction
Incineration
100%
Biological
treatment
100%
Recycling
Recovery
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
50
Option 2c – MBT with balanced treatment
of Light and Heavy Fraction
Capacity needed for HK [t/a]
Incineration RDF
Landfilling without other treatment
Biological treatment
160.000
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
51
Option 2c - MBTh
Regions of Hradec Králové and Pardubice
Mechanical treatment Plant
Biological treatment Plant
Landfill
Incineration Plant
light fraction
Catchment
area for
landfilling
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
52
Combination of 1 and 2c, Year 2013
Regions of Hradec Králové and Pardubice
MSW
Residual MSW
300.000 t/a
Mechanical
Pretreatment
80.000 t/a
Recycling
Recovery
Conventional
Heavy Light
Incineration Fraction Fraction
(HK-town+Pard.)38.000 t/a40.000 t/a
80.000 t/a
Landfilling
140.000 t/a
Biological
treatment
38.000 t/a
Incineration
40.000 t/a
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
53
Combination of 1 and 2c
Figures only for region of HK
Capacity needed for HK [t/a]
160.000
Incineration MSW
Incineration RDF
Landfilling without other treatment
Biological treatment
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
54
Combination of 1 and 2c
Regions of Hradec Králové and Pardubice
Mechanical treatment Plant
Biological treatment Plant
Landfill
MSW-
Incineration
Light fraction- Plant
Catchment
area for
landfilling
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
55
Uniform Collection Systems for MSW
needed
• The collection system for MSW
should be uniform at least for one
region because of public relations /
information
• The treatment of collected wastes
can differ at each local/regional
level
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
56
Economic Assessment
• Technical Standard BAT has to be
considered
• Data have to be good enough, not
necessarily as good as possible
• No subsidies have to be considered
when evaluating and comparing options
• Clear distinction between
– Operating Costs
– Investment Costs
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
57
Basic structure of a calculation of
operational costs
Item
•Annuities
•Repair and Maintenance
Cost
•Consumables
Energy, chemicals…
•Staff
•Disposal of residues
(including transport)
Incineration slag, residues of
flue gas cleaning, …
•Ancillary
Administration, insurance, …
•Secondary raw materials
Ferrous scrap
•Energy
Heat, electricity
Minus
Revenues
= net cost
Given per ton (Kc/t)
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
58
Recommended Basis Data for
Cost Calculation
Parameter
comment
Depreciation /
Reinvestment period
for mobile equipment
(as vehicles, container etc.)
for machinery
(fixed plant equipment)
for civil works
Interest rate (for
calculation of annuities)
Depending on current finance market conditions
Value to be
chosen
7 years
10 – 15 years
25 years
…4 – 6 % …
5
for mobile equipment
Repair and maintenance
cost
Utilization of Capacity
Staff
%
for machinery
3,5 %
for civil works
1,5 %
Not less than …
should be assumed; and after start-up full capacity utilization should be assumed (no
holding out of capacities to be eventually filled up by external sources at a later stage)
Including all charges, taxes, fringe benefits etc; a typical average value for the CR at
present seems to be
90
%
300.000
Kc/staff.yr
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
59
Example for calculation of
Investment Costs
MSW Treatment Center
Data on investment:
Civil Works
Access arrangements, site preparation
Building (30 x 40 x 8 m), insulated, with doors, ...
Planning, gathering of approvals, documentation
amount
price per unit
1
9.600 m3
based on total investment
5.000.000 Kc
2.500 Kc
10%
31.900.000 Kc
5.000.000 Kc
24.000.000 Kc
2.900.000 Kc
M & E-part
Shredder (multifunctional: bag opener MSW, volume reduction bulky waste...)
1
Separation unit
1
Magnet
2
Conveyors
3
Container press
1
Ventilation
1
Control system
1
Steel structure
1
Biologic treatment step (´medium´ lumpsum eg. for triangular windrows ..)
1
Contingencies
based on total investment
Planning, gathering of approvals, documentation
based on total investment
8.000.000 Kc
7.000.000 Kc
1.000.000 Kc
1.000.000 Kc
2.000.000 Kc
1.500.000 Kc
1.500.000 Kc
2.000.000 Kc
15.000.000 Kc
5%
5%
46.305.000 Kc
8.000.000 Kc
7.000.000 Kc
2.000.000 Kc
3.000.000 Kc
2.000.000 Kc
1.500.000 Kc
1.500.000 Kc
2.000.000 Kc
15.000.000 Kc
2.100.000 Kc
2.205.000 Kc
3.000.000 Kc
2.000.000 Kc
65.000 Kc
85.000 Kc
0%
2.770.000 Kc
3.000.000 Kc
2.000.000 Kc
260.000 Kc
510.000 Kc
0 Kc
Mobile equipment
Feeding device (shovel loader, mobile crane...)
3 axle truck equipped with roll-on/roll off system
Container (open, ca. 33 m3)
Container (closed, for RDF transport)
Planning, gathering of approvals, documentation
Total
1
1
4
6
based on total investment
81.000.000 Kc
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
60
Typical prices / costs for mass burn
incineration
Facility / facilities
•
Medium sized (< 150.000 t/a)
Bavarian incinerators
(Schwandorf, Augsburg,
Kempten…)
‚
Result of recent tenders (BOO,
Austria, capacity 150.000 …
250.000 t/a)
ƒ
Result of recent tenders (BOO,
Germany, capacity ~ 300.000
t/a)
„
Result of in-depth cost
estimates performed for CR
(capacity > 100.000 t/a)
Cost / gate fee
Remarks
125 … 180 €/t
Top values: 250 €/t (South Bavaria). This
group of plants is altogether characterized
by much less attractive conditions for
marketing the produced energy compared
to potential sites in the CR evaluated within
the present project (Plzen, Opatovice).
120 … 130 €/t
Lower Austria: ~ 120 €/t (2002),
Upper Austria 130 €/t (2003) – Carinthia
even 141 €/t ! (however only 80.000 t/a)
100 €/t
Dictum German waste treatment industry:
“100 € in the price envelope works, but 95 €
is ruinous”
75 … 85 €/t
Treatment costs 15 - 25 % lower compared
to the ‘German tender cost line’ are due to
(slightly) lower costs for civil works, sites
which are already developed, lower
disposal cost for residuals and good
conditions for energy marketing (heat sale
all year round)
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
61
Example for the results of an
economic assessment in the CR
Option 1
tons
specific costs
costs per year
Kc/t
Mio Kc/a
Thermal
165.000
2.210
365
MBT
0
1.032
0
Transport Therm+MBT
111.150
165.000
111
2.284
12
377
total average costs including operational costs and depreciation
investment
Mio Kc
3.136
3.136
specific investment Kc/t
19.006
19.006
Thermal
MBT
Transport Therm+MBT
Option 2a
tons
150.000
300.000
150.000
300.000
specific costs
Kc/t
2.220
1.156
83
2.308
costs per year
Mio Kc/a
333
347
13
692
Landfilling
135.000
800
108
Landfilling
0
0
0
total average costs including operational costs and depreciation
investment
Mio Kc
3.338
1.281
4.618
specific investment Kc/t
22.250
4.269
15.394
Thermal
MBT
Transport Therm+MBT
Option 2b
tons
0
260.000
0
260.000
specific costs
Kc/t
1.156
0
1.156
costs per year
Mio Kc/a
0
301
0
301
Landfilling
40.000
800
32
total average costs including operational costs and depreciation
investment
Mio Kc
1.110
1.110
specific investment Kc/t
4.269
4.269
Thermal
MBT
Transport Therm+MBT
Option 2c
tons
80.000
165.000
120.000
165.000
specific costs
Kc/t
2.220
1.032
120
2.196
costs per year
Mio Kc/a
178
170
14
362
Landfilling
130.000
800
104
total average costs including operational costs and depreciation
investment
Mio Kc
1.780
704
2.484
specific investment Kc/t
22.250
4.269
15.057
Thermal
MBT
Transport Therm+MBT
Option 1+2c
tons
120.000
80.000
40.000
170.000
specific costs
Kc/t
2.283
1.032
40
2.107
costs per year
Mio Kc/a
274
83
2
358
Landfilling
140.000
800
112
Total
485
300.000
1.616
3.136
10.453
Total
Mio Kc/a
t/a
avg Kc/t
Mio Kc
avg Kc/t
692
300.000
2.308
4.618
15.394
Total
Mio Kc/a
t/a
avg Kc/t
Mio Kc
avg Kc/t
333
300.000
1.109
1.110
3.700
Total
Mio Kc/a
t/a
avg Kc/t
Mio Kc
avg Kc/t
466
300.000
1.554
2.484
8.281
Total
Mio Kc/a
t/a
avg Kc/t
Mio Kc
avg Kc/t
470 Mio Kc/a
300.000 t/a
total average costs including operational costs and depreciation
1.567 avg Kc/t
investment
Mio Kc
2.500
342
2.842
2.842 Mio Kc
Financní
nástroje pro Kc/t
implementaci Acquis
v oblasti životního
- Walter HAUER
/ Timavg
YOUNG
specific investment
20.833
4.269 prostredí - Waste Management
16.715
9.472
Kc/t
62
Results of an Economic Assessment
range of results of sensitivity analyses
result of standard calculation - specific costs
Investment needed
Investment
[Mio. Kc]
Costs
[Kc/t]
2.500
5.000
2.000
4.000
1.500
3.000
1.000
2.000
500
1.000
0
0
1
2a
2b
Option
2c
1+2c
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
63
Sensitivity Analyses concerning cost
calculation
Kc/t
1.500 2.500
500
0
1.000 2.000 3.000
Standard
energy revenue 0,5 Kc instead of 0,6 Kc
energy revenue 0,7 Kc instead of 0,6 Kc
Transport Kc/km 200 instead of Kc/km 120
calorific value of light fraction 13 MJ/kg instead of 11
Option
1
2a
not compliant
2b
with WM Hierarchy
2c
1+2c
Interest rate 7% instead of 5%
doubled depreciation periods
Simple biological treatment (half of
investment of biol part)
no costs for landfilling slag from incineration
heat only used for producing electricity
Kc 500 tax for landfilling (slag and MSW)
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
64
Competition with Landfilling
Support from OP-Infra and Cohesion Fund
The current prices for landfilling MSW in the
Czech Republic are very low.
With these prices no stabilisation
technologies are competitive.
The challenge of new facilities is to
become competitive with landfilling.
Otherwise the facility cannot survive in a
free market.
Making facilities which represent the
state of the art competitive is one main
task of the EC funds OP-Infra and
Cohesion Fund.
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
65
Comparison of Utilizable Energy
1.400.000
Utilizable heat [GJ/a]
1.200.000
1.000.000
800.000
does not
comply with
Waste
Management
Hierarchy
600.000
400.000
200.000
0
1
2a
2b
Option
2c
1+2c
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
66
Comparison of Transport
8.000.000
tons*km/a
7.000.000
6.000.000
5.000.000
4.000.000
does not
comply with
Waste
Management
Hierarchy
3.000.000
2.000.000
1.000.000
0
1
2a
2b
Option
2c
1+2c
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
67
Comparison of Options, Period 2013-2019
Share of Incineration and Heat Recovery
If biological treatment would be done by anaerobic methods
the energyy recovery could be increased in options 2
Option 1
Mass burn incineration of 100% of the MSW gives 100%
60%
incinerated mass [%]
utilized energy [%]
Flue gas quantity [%]
50%
Option 2c
40%
30%
20%
10%
incinerated mass [%]
utilized energy [%]
Flue gas quantity [%]
Option 1+2c
incinerated mass [%]
utilized energy [%]
Flue gas quantity [%]
0%
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
68
Multi Criteria Analyses
Example
1
1
2a
1
Economic
assessment
Ecologic
assessment
Utilizable energy
Emissions to the air
Transport
Risk assessment
4
5
Option
2b
Not
compliant
1
3
3
1
Total
3
Legal assessment
2
5
3
1
4
5
2c
1
1+2c
1
3
2
3
2
5
1
1
4
2
4
No special disadvantages
Not
4
2
compliant
3
3
2
1
Note: For the purpose of a submittion to the Cohesion Fund the economic
aspects have to be weighted with at least 50% of the total weight
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
69
Content
• EC Landfilling Directive
• Waste quantities, currently and prognosis,
examples, contribution of separate collection
• Capacities needed for stabilisation of residual
MSW and investments nedded in the CR
• Basic Technologies for the stabilisation of
residual MSW
• Creating and Assessing Waste-ManagementOptions, Cost accounting
• OP-Infra and Cohesion Fund
• Manual and CD
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
70
Cohesion Fund - Guidance
Assessment of Options
• Listing of different options which could
solve the problem
• Qualitative presentation of advantages
and disadvantages of options
• Justification of why some options are
not taken into further consideration
• Description of the evaluation method
• Sensitivity analysis
• Risk analysis
• Clear explaination of the final choice
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
71
Cohesion Fund - Guidance
Descriptiion of the chosen Option
• Description of treated types of waste and
their sources
• Catchment area
• Summary technical description of the
chosen option
• mass and energy balance
• If other wastes than MSW are to be
treated: how is the Polluter Pays
Principle to be implemented?
• Availability of waste for the planned plant
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
72
Cohesion Fund - Guidance
Costs
•
•
•
•
•
Pre-project costs
Planned Investment
Operational costs
Earnings, total and specific
Expected rate of support based on
achieving cost competitiveness with
landfilling
• Approximate financial plan
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
73
Cohesion Fund - Guidance
Organisation
• Basic data concerning the investor
• Basic data concerning the operator
• Relationship between
owner/investor and operator,
including method of selection of any
private partner
• Basic data on owner of any other
infrastructure linked to the project
• Time schedule with milestones
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
74
Content
• EC Landfilling Directive
• Waste quantities, currently and prognosis,
examples, contribution of separate collection
• Capacities needed for stabilisation of residual
MSW and investments nedded in the CR
• Basic Technologies for the stabilisation of
residual MSW
• Creating and Assessing Waste-ManagementOptions, Cost accounting
• OP-Infra and Cohesion Fund
• Manual and CD
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
75
Manual, CD, www
CD
regseminar_waste.ppt
Manual_waste.doc
www.fintools.cz
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
76
Vision
The environment will be the winner
Vítezem bude životní prostredí
Who is the environment?
Kdo je životní prostredí?
We / Humans are the environment
My / lidé jsme životním prostredím
Financní nástroje pro implementaci Acquis v oblasti životního prostredí - Waste Management - Walter HAUER / Tim YOUNG
77