The Web, cartography and
information delivery
William Cartwright
Concepts and developments
z
Agostino Ramelli
–
circa 1600
z
z
Vannevar Bush
–
Post WWII
z
z
Early 1960s
z
Mid 1980s
z
Mid 1980s
z
Hypertext
Tim Berners-Lee
–
1990
z
z
Cyberspace
Ted Nelson
–
z
On-Line System (NLS)
William Gibson
–
z
MEMEX
Douglas Engelbart
–
z
‘scholar's workstation‘
World Wide Web
Marc Andreessen
–
1993/1994
z
Mosaic/Netscape
Founding ideas
VIDEODISC
Videodisc
z
The Aspen Movie Map
–
–
z
The Machine Architecture
Group, MIT
Later the Media Lab
Domesday Project
–
–
–
BBC/
Acorn Computers/
Philips
Web and
Geographical
Web
Information
http://navigators.com
Usage - Domains
Internet 2
http://www.domainstats.com/
http://navigators.com/statdom.gif
Internet
use –
HOME
monthly
http://epm.netratings.com/au/web/NRpublicreports.usagemonthly
Internet
use –
HOME and
WORK
monthly
http://epm.netratings.com/au/web/nrpublicreports.usagemonthly
http://www.glreach.com/globstats/index.php3
Usage –
Internet 2
Internet traffic
http://www.internettrafficreport.com//
Mapping and New Media
z
z
z
z
Spatial storehouses
Spatial decision support systems
Multimedia packages incorporating maps
Educational packages
Mapping and New Media
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Image Collections
Downloadable data files
Information Services with maps
Global publishing houses
On-line GIS
On-line maps
Web atlases
Location-based services
Image collections
z
z
z
z
z
z
Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection
Bodleian Library, Oxford University
Digital Libraries
National Library of Australia
Subway Navigator
…
Digital Geographical
Information Libraries
z
z
Netherlands Digitial
Spatial Information
Library - GeoPlaza
History of Cartography
Project
Alexandria Digital
Library
Downloadable data files
z
z
z
z
z
z
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
National Mapping, Australia
NRS
Map Maker
Alexandria Digital Library (ADL)
…
Information services with maps
z
z
Business geographics
Travel Guides: Lonely Planet, Moon, Rough
Guides, …
Global Publishing
z
z
z
z
z
International publishing
houses
Newspapers
Businesses
Delivery
–
–
–
z
Own communications satellites
Host satellite (eg WestStar)
Web
Electronic distribution / local printing
On-line Geographic Information
Systems (GIS)
ESRI
z Genasys
z MapInfo
z…
z
On-line maps
z
z
z
z
z
z
Delorme CyberRouter
XEROX PARC Map Server
MapQuest Interactive Atlas
Falk
Shell
…
Journey Planners
http://beta.mapquest.com/
http://www.shellgeostar.com/shellgeostar/start.hm
http://www.falk-online.de/go_routing.html
http://www.geotalk.de/rout_demo.html
http://www.vicinity.com/yt.hm?CMD=FILL&SEC=cnnguide&FAM=cnn
Web atlases
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Australian Coastal Atlas
National Atlas of Canada
Atlas of Quebec
Atlas of Switzerland
UnderstandingUSA
Atlas of Austria
Atlas of USA
Encarta
Delorme Cybermaps
National Geographic Map Machine
Coastal Atlas of Australia
…
Web Atlases
Understanding USA
http://www.understandingusa.com/chaptercc=10&cs=222.html
Paper support – on demand
Location-based services
Design considerations
z
Scale = representation of
reality
–
Choosing scale appropriate to
mapping task
z
z
z
z
Representation
Use
Zoom = multiple-scale
maps
How to cope with scale with
MMC?
http://www.mapquest.co
m
http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine/
Scale
z
z
z
Absolute
Relative
– Which space?
Providing information to the user regarding where they really
are!
– Web cams?
http://service.magwien.gv.at/camera/livec
am.html
Location
Smithsonian Museum Revealing Things
z
z
Maps = ‘time slice’
How to deal with time in MMC
–
–
z
z
Animation
Slider controls
Access to archive
Showing projections
Visualized ‘time slice’
http://www.animation.about.com/arts/animation/gi/dynamic/offsit
e.htm?site=http://www.si.edu/revealingthings/
z
z
z
z
Integrity
Reputable source
Metadata
Accuracy
–
–
–
Limit of accuracy
Accuracy across all of presentation
Dealing with varying degrees of accuracy
‘Maps as accurate representations’
z
z
z
Universities / research
establishments
General public
Disabled
z
Visually handicapped
–
z
z
W3C Accessibility
Initiative
Movement handicapped
–
Access
Including ‘translations’
from graphics into audio
for the blind
is users only able to
make gross movements
Different users
Geographical Storytelling
Putting it together - concept
Interrogate
devices and
preferences
T
Access to
tools for
GeoViz
assembly
Archival
P
Info
R
(ROM?)
O
O
S
E
L
Build
I’face
Commands
USER
I’FACE
R
S
Current
GeoViz
Info
(WWW)
I
D
E
CONTRIBUTOR
DATABASE
R
Builder
DATA
Dynamic
Update
F
COLLECTION
(WWW)
I
SERVICES
L
Ground
Truth
(WebCam)
Paper Screen Hybrid
DATABASE
V
O
U
PUBLIC
Output specifications
eg weather
T
E
WebCams
R
For data
integrity