Practice Chapter 6
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Voluntary muscle tissue is;
a. smooth muscle
b. skeletal muscle
c. dense regular
d. cardiac muscle
e. dense irregular
____
2. Endomysium covers:
a. fascicles of muscle cells
b. an entire muscle
c. an individual muscle cell
d. myofibrils
e. smooth muscle only
____
3. The type of muscle tissue pictured in Figure 6.3 is:
Figure 6.3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____
skeletal muscle
voluntary
striated
found only in the heart
smooth muscle
4. A sarcomere is:
a. the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle
b. the contractile unit between two Z discs
c. the area between two intercalated discs
d. the wavy lines on the cell, as seen in a microscope
e. a compartment in a myofilament
____
5. Which one of the following is composed of myosin protein:
a. thick filaments
b. thin filaments
c. all myofilaments
d. Z discs
e. light bands
____
6. Place these structures of the skeletal muscle in order from largest to smallest:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1. fascicle
2. myofilament
3. muscle fiber (cell)
4. myofibril
5. sarcomere
1, 3, 4, 5, 2
1, 4, 3, 2, 5
2, 5, 4, 3, 1
3, 1, 2, 4, 5
3, 2, 5, 4, 1
____
7. The light and dark banding pattern send in striated muscle, like skeletal muscle, originate from:
a. presence of H zones and Z discs
b. layers of thick and thin filaments
c. alternating light and dark bands
d. repetitive Z discs
e. organization of M lines, H zones, and Z discs
____
8. Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction:
a. calcium increases the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma
b. calcium releases the inhibition on Z discs
c. calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actin
d. calcium causes ATP binding to actin
e. calcium binds to regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing both their
shape and their position on the thick filaments
____
9. Acetylcholine is:
a. an ion pump on the postsynaptic membrane
b. a source of energy for muscle contraction
c. a component of thick myofilaments
d. an oxygen-binding protein
e. a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
____ 10. The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell
is called the:
a. motor unit
b. sarcomere
c. neuromuscular junction
d. synaptic cleft
e. cross bridge
____ 11. Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse by the:
a. myofibrils
b. motor unit
c. thick filaments
d. axon terminals of the motor neuron
e. sarcolemma of the muscle cell
____ 12. An elaborate and specialized network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that function in calcium
storage is the:
a. sarcolemma
b. mitochondria
c. intermediate filament network
d. myofibrillar network
e. sarcoplasmic reticulum
____ 13. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs without:
a. ATP
b. oxygen
c. lactic acid
d. carbon dioxide
e. glucose
____ 14. Which of these pathways is the fastest way to regenerate ATP during muscle activity:
a. direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid formation
d. oxidative phosphorylation
e. both aerobic respiration and anaerobic glycolysis
____ 15. Which of the following muscles closes the jaw:
a. buccinator
b. zygomaticus
c. frontalis
d. sternocleidomastoid
e. both masseter and temporalis
____ 16. A muscle located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body is the:
a. pectoralis major
b. occipitalis
c. gastrocnemius
d. gluteus medius
e. latissimus dorsi
____ 17. A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a
trumpet called the:
a. platysma
b. masseter
c. zygomaticus
d. buccinator
e. temporalis
____ 18. What is the main function of the quadriceps femoris group:
a. arm flexion
b. hand supination
c. thigh abduction
d. knee extension
e. foot inversion
____ 19. Which one of the following is the action of the orbicularis oris:
a. closes, purses, and protrudes the lips
b. pulls the lower lip down and back
c. draws the eyebrows together
d. allows blinking, squinting, and various other protective mechanisms for the eye
e. closes the jaw
____ 20. Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the hip:
a. biceps femoris
b. gastrocnemius
c. tibialis anterior
d. sartorius
e. iliopsoas
____ 21. Which one of the following muscles is involved in abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint:
a. deltoid
b. biceps brachii
c. triceps brachii
d. latissimus dorsi
e. pectoralis major
____ 22. What is the origin of the deltoid muscle:
a. proximal radius
b. proximal humerus
c. distal humerus
d. olecranon process of ulna
e. scapular spine and clavicle
____ 23. While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from
the midline of your body. This motion is called:
a. extension
b. flexion
c. abduction
d. adduction
e. circumduction
____ 24. Which congenital muscle disease results from the degeneration and atrophy of muscles:
a. muscular dystrophy
b. myasthenia gravis
c. multiple sclerosis
d. spina bifida
e. scoliosis
____ 25. Which one of the following is NOT a criteria generally used in naming muscles:
a. relative size of the muscle
b. number of origins of the muscle
c. shape of the muscle
d. method of attachment of the muscle to bone
e. action of the muscle
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 26. All types of muscle have endomysium covering individual muscle cells.
____ 27. Smooth muscles activity generates heat to help maintain body temperature.
____ 28. The sarcoplasmic reticulum wraps like a sleeve around the myofibril and stores and releases
calcium.
____ 29. The neurotransmitter used by the nervous system to activate skeletal muscle cells is acetylcholine.
____ 30. Thick filaments are made of a protein called actin.
____ 31. Oxygen debt promotes lactic acid accumulation on muscles from anaerobic cellular respiration.
____ 32. A sustained partial contraction of skeletal muscle is called muscle tone.
____ 33. An aponeurosis is a ropelike piece of muscle fascia that forms indirect connections to muscles of the
leg.
____ 34. The hamstring group inserts into the distal tibia.
____ 35. Supination and pronation refer to up and down movements of the foot at the ankle.
Essay
36. Compare skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles as to their body location, microscopic anatomy,
regulation of contraction, speed of contraction, and rhythmicity.
37. Discuss the importance of calcium in skeletal muscle contraction.
Practice Chapter 6
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
B
C
E
B
A
A
C
C
E
D
D
E
B
A
E
A
D
D
A
E
A
E
C
A
D
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
2
2
1
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
3
2
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
Page 182| Page 183
Page 183
Page 182
Page 187
Page 187
Page 183| Page 187
Page 187
Page 191
Page 188
Page 188
Page 188
Page 187
Page 194
Page 194
Page 206
Page 207
Page 206
Page 213
Page 205
Page 211| Page 213
Page 209
Page 209
Page 200
Page 215
Page 202
T
F
T
T
F
T
T
F
F
F
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
REF:
Page 182-184
Page 185
Page 187
Page 188
Page 187
Page 194
Page 195
Page 183
Page 213
Page 200
TRUE/FALSE
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ESSAY
36. ANS:
Body location—skeletal muscle is attached to bones or to skin (some facial muscles); cardiac muscle
is located in the walls of the heart; smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow visceral organs
(other than the heart).
Microscopic anatomy—skeletal muscle consists of very long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells with
very obvious striations; cardiac muscle consists of branching chains of cells that are uninucleated
and possess striations; smooth muscle consists of single fusiform uninucleated cells that lack
striations.
Regulation of contraction—skeletal muscle is voluntary via nervous system controls, but this normal
voluntary control can be overridden by involuntary reflex arcs (as explained in later chapters);
cardiac muscle is involuntary via the heart pacemaker, nervous system controls, and hormones;
smooth muscle is involuntary via nervous system controls, hormones, other chemicals, and
stretching.
Speed of contraction—skeletal muscle is slow to fast; cardiac muscle is slow; smooth muscle is the
slowest.
Rhythmicity—skeletal muscle is arrhythmic; cardiac muscle is rhythmic; smooth muscle is
sometimes rhythmic.
PTS: 1
37. ANS:
DIF: 2
REF: Page 182-184
Calcium is necessary for myosin heads to attach to binding sites on actin filaments. As the action
potential travels into the muscle cell, it stimulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounding each
myofibril to release its stored calcium into the sarcoplasm. The calcium triggers the binding of
myosin heads to actin filaments and the initiation of the sliding of filaments.
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: Page 188-191