The Central Dogma of Modern Biology
DNA is Transcribed to RNA is Translated to Protein
a.a.-a.a.-a.a.-
During Replication DNA is copied to DNA
http://cnx.org/content/m11415/latest/central_dogma.jpg
ch 13 notecard…
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Proteins
=
folded amino acid chains
Example:
aa – aa – aa – aa – aa - aa
ch 13 notecard
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the job of a protein
is partly
determined by the order of
its amino acids
Notes - to add to page 2 -
Amino Acids (a.a.) are like…
the letters of the alphabet.
Amino Acids (a.a) are built into proteins like…
letters are built into words.
Even a change in one a.a. can result in a
change in the protein’s properties, just like
changing one letter can change the entire
meaning of a word.
Examples:
them
then
they
nucleus
Nuclear membrane
mRNA
DNA
tRNA
cytoplasm
R
i
b
o
s
o
m
e
Can you picture where the previous
slide is in a cell?
Cell membrane
Looks like we’ll,
now, need a new
note card…..
Make a new notecard:
DNA vs RNA
Similarities:
DNA vs RNA
1.Made of nucleotides (S&P&B) 1.Made of nucleotides (S&P&B)
2.Sugar = deoxyribose
2. Sugar = ribose
3. Double stranded
3. Usually single-stranded
4. A million or more bases
4. short; 50 to 1000 bases
5. A = T and C = G
5. A = U and C = G
U is for Uracil
6. Found only in nucleus
6. Found in nucleus and in cytoplasm
Bellwork Friday 01-06-12
• Please take out …..
• Please have markers on your desk similar to
the colors you used on Thursday.
• If you have multiple markers of the same color
please return the duplicates to me…
• If you are missing a color (a deletion) I may
have it.
Nuclear membrane
Free floating nucleotides in nucleus
Make a new note card:
Transcription: -occurs in the nucleus
DNA is transcribed into RNA using (A-U & C-G)
This is like writing notes from your text…just
taking a piece of the information, but still
writing in English using mostly the same
words and letters….
A triplet of mRNA bases
Make a new note card:
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Translation:
mRNA is rewritten into amino acids
This is like translating English into Arabic…it
still means the same thing, but it is written
in a completely different language.
Types of RNA
• mRNA – messenger RNA
– is transcribed from the DNA
–Found in nucleus and in
cytoplasm
tRNA – transfer RNA
- bring amino acids to the mRNA
- found in the cytoplasm
rRNA – ribsomal RNA
- are protein factories
- found in the cytoplasm
cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Cell Membrane
Did you color code the diagram above?
What is missing? (hint: It’s a kind of RNA…)