BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
BIO 1109 – Principles of Biology
Midterm examination I
Worth either 30% or 40% of your final grade
Monday October 6, 2004
a) Place your name and student number in the space provided below. Be sure that your
name is on the top of each page because the exam may be separated to facilitate
marking
b) Check to be sure that your exam is complete with a total of 12 pages including this one
c) Answer all questions in the space provided on the exam. Do not transfer answers to the
back of the page
d) This is not an open book examination.
Name:.......................................................................................................
Student No: ..............................................................................................
Page 1 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
15 pts Part 1. Briefly explain what each of the following biological terms means. Where
possible include an example to which the term applies.
Tertiary protein structure
{Folding and twisting} of a protein that creates the {3D shape} and {held together by a variety of
different types of bonds/held together by functional group or R-group interactions} {1},{1},{1}
Anticodon
{on the tRNA molecule}{consists of the three bases} {contains the complementary sequence for
the amino acid coded in mRNA}{1},{1},{1}
Intron
{Noncoding part}{Eukaryote mRNA/primary transcript}{Removed to make final mRNA/removed
before leaving nucleus} {1},{1},{1}
Cell theory
{All living things are made of cells – must say living}{cells are self replicating}{cells can only
come from cells} {1},{1},{1}
Amino acid
{Basic unit/monomer}{of protein/peptide}{connected to each other by peptide
bonds}{Have R/functional groups with different properties}{1},{1},{1} in any order to a
maximum of 3pts
Page 2 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
30 pts Part 2 Answer each of the following multiple choice questions by placing and X in
the space to the left of the correct choice. There is only one correct answer for each
question and questions have either 4, 5 or 6 answers to choose from. Be sure your X
doesn’t cross over two answers – if it does the question will be scored as 0.
2.1 What is a hypothesis?
X A. a tentative statement, based on data, that can be used to guide further observations and
________
experiments
________ B. a report of the findings of scientific experiments
________ C. a general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often in an “if . . . then”
format
________ D. using isolated facts to reach a general idea that may explain a phenomenon
________ E. If data from experiments do not support a hypothesis, the hypothesis must be rejected or
revised.
2.2. Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?
________ A. A mitochondrion has two membranes.
________ B. Mitochondria are the site of cellular energy production.
X C. Mitochondria are found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
________
________ D. Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes.
2.3. Which occurs in anaphase?
________ A. Centrioles move to opposite poles.
________ B. Chromosomes line up along the equator of the dividing cell.
X C. Chromosomes move to opposite poles.
________
________ D. The nuclear envelope disappears.
________ E. The nuclear envelope is constructed.
2.4 Unicellular prokaryotes
________ A. lack a membrane bounded nucleus
________ B. are found in the domains Bacteria and Archaea
________ C. are found in almost all habitats
________
X D. all of the previous
Page 3 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
2.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true about electron configurations?
________ A. If an atom has only one shell, it is complete with two electrons.
________ B. If an atom has two or more shells, the octet rule applies.
________ C. If an atom has two or more shells, the outer shell is complete with eight electrons.
________
X D. Atoms with more than eight electrons in the outer shell react by gaining electrons.
________ E. Atoms with eight electrons in the outer shell are not reactive at all.
2.6 Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?
________
X A. Their cell wall is made of a slime layer that is the same as in plant cell walls.
________ B. Some are photosynthetic.
________ C. Some are chemosynthetic.
________ D. They are all prokaryotes.
________ E. They have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.
2.7 Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds?
________ A. One atom acts as an electron donor and another acts as an electron acceptor.
________ B. Electrons are completely lost or gained in ion formation.
________
X C. An ion has the same number of electrons as a nonionic atom of the same element.
________ D. An ionic reaction occurs between positive ions and negative ions.
________ E. A salt such as NaCl is formed by an ionic reaction.
2.8 Which of these statements is NOT true about DNA?
________ A. It is the genetic material of the cell.
________ B. It forms a double helix.
________ C. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.
X D. It contains the sugar ribose.
________
________ E. The sugar and phosphate groups form the backbone of the molecule.
2.9 A lipid is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?
________ A. glucose or modified glucose molecules
________ B.amino acids
________ C. nucleotides
________ D. alternating sugar and phosphate groups
X E. fatty acids and glycerol
________
Page 4 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
2.10 Which carbohydrate is used in the liver for energy storage?
________ A. starch
________ B. chitin
________ C. cellulose
________
X D. glycogen
________ E. glycerol
2.11. A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?
________ A. carbohydrate
________ B. lipid
________ C. nucleic acid
________
X D. protein
2.12 Fish sperm consists mostly of the male fish’s DNA. If we tested a sample chemically, we
should find relatively high amounts of
________
X A. nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups.
________ B. phospholipids and steroids.
________ C. amino acids and unsaturated fats.
________ D. triglycerides and ATP.
________ E. globular proteins and stored fats.
2.13. Biopolymers are
________ A. large organic molecules linking together repeating subunits of the same type called
monomers.
________ B. found in proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
________ C. due to a dehydration reaction.
X D. all of the previous.
________
2.14. What is the importance of crossing-over?
________ A. It provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells.
________
X B. It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.
________ C. It produces the proteins that are associated with DNA in chromosomes.
________ D. It increases chromosome condensation.
________ E. It separates the homologous chromosomes.
Page 5 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
2.15. Which of these is NOT part of the endomembrane system of the cell?
________
X A. mitochondria
________ B. endoplasmic reticulum
________ C. lysosomes
________ D. Golgi complex
2.16 What is the process by which the sun’s energy is trapped as the source of energy used by
virtually all living organisms?
________ A. evolution
________ B. metabolism
________ C. adaptation
________ D. homeostasis
________
X E. photosynthesis
2.17. Which phrase does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane?
________ A. forming a channel through the membrane
X
________
B. initiating the replication of the genetic material
________ C. binding to a substance to carry it through the membrane
________ D. acting as a receptor for substances external to the cell
2.18.Stages of the cell cycle include
________ A. interphase.
________ B. mitosis.
________ C. cytokinesis.
X D. all of the previous.
________
2.19. Which term is based on the Greek root word for “water” and “fear”?
________ A. hydrostatic
________ B. homeostatic
________
C. hydrophobic
X
________ D. hydrophilic
________ E. hyperphobic
Page 6 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
2.20. Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells?
________ A. an extracellular matrix
________
X B. plasmodesmata
________ C. gap junctions
________ D. adhesion junctions (desmosomes)
________ E. tight junctions
2.21 If an animal needed to store energy for long-term use, but not be encumbered with the weight
of extra tissue, which is the best molecule for storage?
________ A. fructose and glucose in the form of honey
________
X B. high-calorie fat molecules
________ C. complex cellulose molecules
________ D. starch
________ E. glycogen with extensive side branches of glucose
2.22.If phagocytosis can be compared to cellular eating, the pinocytosis can be compared to
________ A. cellular elimination.
X B. cellular drinking.
________
________ C. cellular dehydration.
________ D.none of the previous.
2.23.The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of_______ in DNA.
________ A. cytosine
________ B. uracil
________ C. guanine
X D. thymine
________
________ E.ATP
2.24.In the model of DNA, the “steps” of the ladder are composed of
________ A. sugars.
X B. a purine and a pyrimidine.
________
________ C. two purines.
________ D. two pyrimidines.
________ E .a sugar and a phosphate molecule.
Page 7 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
2.25.On a hypothetical planet, life evolves based on a DNA-like molecule with six rather than four
nucleotides. Which table reflects the number of bases for each number of codons and the
corresponding number of combinations of different amino acids that could be specified?
________ A.1—4, 2—10, 3—16, 4—22
________ B.1—6, 2—10, 3—16, 4—22
________ C.1—6, 2—18, 3—108, 4—648
X
________
D.1—6, 2—36, 3—216, 4—1296
2.26 Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the amino acids that are added to the growing
polypeptide chain?
________ A. ribosomal RNA
________
X B. transfer RNA
________ C. messenger RNA
________ D. primary mRNA transcript
2.27.Which is the process by which a protein is constructed?
X A.translation
________
________ B.transcription
________ C.transposition
________ D. transformation
2.28 An atom’s atomic number is best described as the number of
________
X A. protons it contains.
________ B. neutrons it contains.
________ C. electrons in the outermost shell.
________ D. protons and neutrons it contains.
________ E. protons and electrons it contains.
2.29 As a solid, water floats. This means that
________ A. solid water is less dense than liquid water
________ B. organisms in ponds, lakes, and reservoirs can survive under the ice cover
________ C. this is due to hydrogen bonding changes
X D. all of the previous
________
Page 8 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
2.30. During which stage of meiosis does homologue separation occur?
________ A. prophase I
________
X B. anaphase I
________ C. telophase I
________ D. prophase II
________ E. anaphase II
10 pts Part 3: Indicate whether the following statements are true of false by placing a T (true) or F
(false) in the space provided at the beginning of the statement.
3.1 ________
T A theory in science is different from the usage of the term in everyday language.
3.2 ________
T Molecules form when energy relationships occur between atoms, called chemical
bonds.
T Water moderates the temperatures on earth because it can absorb and release large
3.3 ________
amounts of heat.
F ATP is a protein that supplies energy to the cell.
3.4 ________
3.5 ________
F Starch is a protein that serves in energy storage in plant cells
T Cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
3.6 ________
T The cytosol is the fluid that bathes the structures that are located in the cytoplasm.
3.7 ________
T During replication of DNA, DNA polymerase has to synthesize the daughter strand
3.8 ________
in the 5 prime to 3 prime direction because DNA polymerase can only join a 5
prime nucleotide to the free 3 prime end of another nucleotide.
T Proofreading of the nucleotides keeps the error rate to one mistake per one billion
3.9 ________
base pairs during DNA replication.
T A stop codon terminates polypeptide production and release from the ribosome.
3.10 _______
10 pts Fill in the Blank: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate terms.
Place the term in the space in the sentence of at the end
4.1 Transfer RNA transfers _Amino acids____ to the ribosomes.
4.2 Ribosomes have __three___________ binding site(s) for tRNA molecules.
4.3 The organized lattice of protein filaments inside the eukaryotic cell is known as the
__cytoskeleton___________.
4.4 The two strands of DNA are held together by these bonds between the purine and pyrimidine
bases. __hydrogen____________
4.5 These water filled membranous sacs are only found in plants. __Vacuole___________
Page 9 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
4.6 A eukaryote cell's genetic material is located in this structure. __Nucleus___________
4.7 The stage of mitosis where the two daughter cells start to form. _Telophase_______________
4.8 During the S phase of the cell cycle this is duplicated. __DNA/Genetic
materials____________
4.9 The C in CDKs that are involved in controlling the cell cycle. ____cyclins__________
4.10 Ribosomal RNA comes from this part of the nucleus. ___Nucleolus_________________
15 pts Part 5: Answer 3 of the following 5 questions in the space provided, each is worth 5 points
5.1 How does active transport differ from passive transport? Give an example of each.
OR
How does a hypertonic solution and hypotonic solution affect an animal cell and why?
{Active transport burns ATP(requires energy)/passive doesn’t require energy}
{Active transport moves against the concentration gradient}
{Passive transport moves with the concentration gradient}
{Active example – sodium potassium pump}
{Passive transport – water diffusion/osmosis}
Point each total 5
{Hypertonic – higher salt than the cell/Hypotonic – lower salt concentration than the cell},
{Hypertonic water comes out of cell and it shrinks}. {Hypotonic water moves into the cell and it
bursts} {1},{2},{2}
Page 10 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
5.2 What happens to the viral DNA in the lytic and lysogeneic part of a viral life cycle?
OR
Why are viruses not considered living?
In Lytic {viral DNA is replicated}and{codes for viral proteins}that are then {packaged with viral
DNA to make new virus}.
In lysogenic {viral DNA incorporates/combines with bacterial}{becomes a prophage/becomes
inactive} {1} point each
Not living because {no cell membrane} {no protein synthesis/ribosomes} {no energy
system/mitochondria} {made of only DNA/RNA wrapped in protein} 2 points for the first no
matter what order, 1 point for remainder to a maximum of 5.
5.3 Compare Meiosis 1 and Mitosis
OR
Compare Meiosis II and Mitosis
See table 10.1, 10.2 page 174. Answer must include at least three of the rows in these
tables and the first and second correct and complete rows score 2 points each third row 1
point. For a total of five points
Page 11 of 12
BIO 1109 Midterm Exam – October 6, 2004
Name: ______________________________ Student Number: _____________________
5.4 A number of enzymes are involved in DNA replication, what are the enzymes and what does
each do?
OR
Describe the events during the elongation step of translation.
{RNA polymerase – creates a double strand/primer}
{Helicase, unwinds the helix)
(DNA polymerase – {duplicates the DNA}, {proofreads the DNA}, {adds at 3’end})
{Ligase, seals up the pieces} 1,1,3,1
{tRNA in P site has attached growing peptide}, {tRNA with amino acid enters A site},
{peptide bond made freeing amino acid from tRNA in P}, {tRNA from P shifts t X/E site and
leaves}, {tRNA in A with growing peptide chain moves to P freeing A}
5.5 Explain the biological significance of the acronym CHNOPS.
OR
How are covalent bonds formed?
CHNOPS – {the most common elements(must say elements, no compounds, molecules)},{Found
in living things} {Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, and Sulfer} {1},{1}.{0,5 for
each element}
{By sharing paired electrons}, {Obeys octet rule} {octet says 8 in outer orbital}, {except inner with
2} {diagram or representation of a covalent bond} 2,1,1,1 to a maximu of 5 – doesn’t matter which
scores the 2 points.
Page 12 of 12