Topic list for Pathophysiology exam – Faculty of Medicine
2015/2016
UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Chairman: Prof.Dr.Szabó Gyula
H-Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1., Pf. 427., 6701,
Hungary
Tel:+36-62-545-994, fax +36-62-545-710
web: http://web.med.u-szeged.hu/patph/
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TOPIC LIST
1ST (FALL) SEMESTER
1.
2.
3.
4.
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7.
8.
The concept of inflammation, phases of acute inflammation
Characterization of plasma derived inflammatory mediators
Characterization of cell derived inflammatory mediators
Characterization of cellular elements in inflammation
Regulation and outcome of the acute inflammatory response
Disturbances of phagocyte and complement system
Pathomechanism of chronic inflammation
Systemic effects of inflammation; inflammatory pain
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Defense mechanisms against infections
Pathogenesis and consequences of type I in vivo allergic reaction
Pathogenesis and consequences of type II in vivo allergic reaction
Pathogenesis and consequences of type III in vivo allergic reaction
Pathogenesis and consequences of type IV in vivo allergic reaction
Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: Basedow-Graves disease, systemic lupus
erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
Pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiency syndromes
Pathogenesis of secondary immunodeficiency
Alteration of the immune system: tumor immunotherapy
15.
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18.
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20.
21.
22.
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24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Pathogenesis of pituitary hyperfunction: hyperprolactinemia
Pathogenesis of hypopituitarism
Alterations of growth in child- and adulthood; adult GH deficiency
Pathogenesis of thyrotoxicosis
Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism; development of goiter
Pathogenesis and consequences of acute and chronic hypoadrenalisms
Pathogenesis and consequences of hyperadrenalisms: Cushing’s syndrome,
aldosteronism and adrenogenital syndrome
Pathogenesis and consequences of pheochromocytoma
Disorders of menstrual cycle
Female reproductive tract disorders; chronic anovulations
Male reproductive tract disorders (androgen metabolism and testicular dysfunction)
Male reproductive tract disorders (estrogen metabolism disturbances)
Disorders of the posterior pituitary
Pathogenesis and consequences of hypercalcemia
Pathogenesis and consequences of hypocalcemia
Pathomechanism of hyper- and hypoparathyroidism
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Topic list for Pathophysiology exam – Faculty of Medicine
2015/2016
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61.
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72.
73.
74.
Regulation of body weight regulation and energy homeostasis; definition of obesity
Pathogenesis, types and consequences of obesity
Pathogenesis of malnutrition, protein-energy malnutrition and starvation
Definition and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus; impaired fasting glucose and
impaired glucose tolerance
Etiologic classification of diabetes mellitus
Pathomechanism, forms and consequences of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Pathomechanism and consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Pathomechanism of insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome
Pathomechanism, forms and pathobiochemistry of microvascular complications in
diabetes mellitus
Pathomechanism of macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus
Pathomechanism of diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma
Pathogenesis and classifications of hypoglycemia
Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism
Pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia
Pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia
Pathogenesis of mixed hyperlipidemia
Pathogenesis and consequences of secondary hyperlipoproteinemia
Forms of arteriosclerosis; pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Risk factors and complications of atherosclerosis
Specific features and regulation of coronary circulation and pathophysiological
consequences
Pathogenesis and types of angina pectoris
Pathogenesis and types acute coronary syndrome
Pathogenesis, classifications, consequences, and laboratory diagnosis of myocardial
infarction
Changes in blood pressure during lifetime; definition of arterial hypertension in adult
and childhood
Pathogenesis and consequences of essential (primary or idiopathic) hypertension
Pathogenesis and consequences of secondary hypertensions: renal and other types of
hypertension
Pathogenesis and consequences of secondary hypertensions: endocrine hypertension
Complications of hypertension; hypertensive crises and malignant hypertension
Concept and characterization of cyanosis
Adaptation to and compensation of reduced cardiac contractility; cardiac hypertrophy
Pathogenesis and consequences of congenital heart diseases: acyanotic diseases
Pathogenesis and consequences of congenital heart diseases: cyanotic diseases
Definition and consequences of rheumatic fever
Pathomechanism of aortic stenosis and regurgitation (acute, chronic)
Pathomechanism of mitral stenosis and regurgitation (acute, chronic)
Definition, types and development of heart failure
Adaptive and maladaptive changes in heart failure
Pathophysiology of symptoms in heart failure
Pathophysiology of signs in heart failure
Acute heart failure: definition, forms and pathogenesis
Sodium balance disorders: forms and development of hypervolemia
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Topic list for Pathophysiology exam – Faculty of Medicine
2015/2016
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87.
Development, forms and pathogenesis of edema
Characterization of the major forms of edemas: heart failure, edema in liver- and kidney
disease and pregnancy
Sodium balance disorders: forms and development of hypovolemia
Pathogenetic classification and main features of circulatory shock
Stages and compensatory mechanisms of circulatory shock
Progressive and irreversible shock: metabolic changes in shock
Complications of shock: definition and pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction
syndrome
Causes and characterization of hypovolemic shock
Causes and characterization of cardiogenic shock
Causes and characterization of obstructive shock
Causes and characterization of distributive shock; septic shock and vasodilatory shock
Definition, forms of hypotension and syncope: reflex-mediated syncope
Definition, forms of hypotension and syncope: cardiovascular and orthostatic syncope
HIGHLIGHTS OF ECG
(FOR DETAILS SEE YOUR LECTURE NOTES)
88. ECG registration techniques
89. Changes of waves under normal and pathological conditions
90. Determination of electrical axis
91. How to analyze an ECG?
92. Practical use of ECG in everyday practice; ECG reference ranges
93. Classification of arrhythmias: development and mechanism
94. Classification of arrhythmias: the site of origin of arrhythmia
95. A-V blocks
96. Bundle branch blocks
97. Premature beats
98. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
99. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias
100. ECG signs of myocardial ischemia and injury
101. ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
102. ECG signs of myocardial infarction
103. ECG signs of atrial strain and ventricular hypertrophy
104. ECG signs of major electrolyte disorders
2ND (SPRING) SEMESTER
105.
106.
107.
108.
Temperature regulation and its pathophysiological consequences
Pathogenesis of fever, types and effects of fever
Pathogenesis of hyperthermia
Pathogenesis of hypothermia
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
Characterization and detection of proteinuria
Characterization and detection of hematuria, hemoglobinuria
Characterization and detection of glucosuria and ketonuria
Characterization and detection of leukocyturia and bacteriuria
Characterization and pathological changes of urine sediment
Pathogenesis and consequences of kidney stone formation
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Topic list for Pathophysiology exam – Faculty of Medicine
2015/2016
115.
116.
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126.
Characterization of oliguria, anuria, polyuria, azotemia and uremia
Pathogenesis and consequences of acute renal failure
Pathomechanism of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Characterization of glomerular diseases based on immune mechanisms
Pathogenesis and consequences of nephrotic syndrome
Characterization of disorders with nephrotic syndrome
Pathogenesis and consequences of acute nephritic syndrome
Pathogenesis and consequences of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and
asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria
Pathogenesis and consequences of chronic renal failure
Adaptive changes in chronic renal failure
Maladaptive changes in chronic renal failure
Pathogenesis and consequences of renal tubular transport defects
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
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135.
136.
Pathophysiological aspects of sodium and water balance
Hyponatremia: forms, pathogenesis and consequences (especially in the CNS)
Hypernatremia: forms, pathogenesis and consequences (especially in the CNS)
Pathophysiology of potassium balance
Hyperkalemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences
Hypokalemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences
Hyperphosphatemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences
Hypophosphatemia: causes, pathogenesis and consequences
Changes of magnesium and chloride ion in different pathophysiological processes
Pathophysiological significance of trace elements (iron, iodine, fluoride, zinc, copper,
selenium and chromium)
137.
138.
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140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
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153.
Pathogenesis and characteristics of abnormal breathing patterns
Pathogenesis, forms and characteristics of dyspneas
Testing of pulmonary function
General characterization of obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases
Etiology, pathophysiology and major forms of COPD
Pathomechanism of bronchial asthma
Pathomechanism of cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis (bronchiolitis acuta)
Pathomechanism of extrinsic restrictive lung diseases (pneumothorax and pleural
effusions)
Forms and pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edemas
Pathomechanism and consequences of acute pulmonary embolism
Pathomechanism and consequences of interstitial lung diseases
Forms and consequences of atelectasis and pneumonia
Classification, pathogenesis and consequences of pulmonary hypertension
Pathophysiology of cor pulmonale
Pathomechanism and consequences of type I. (hypoxemic) respiratory failure
Pathomechanism and consequences of type II. (hypercapnic) respiratory failure
Pathogenesis and consequences of hypoxias
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
Regulation of pH, laboratory assessment of acid-base balance
Causes, compensations and consequences of respiratory acidosis
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis: causes, compensations and consequences
Elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis: causes, compensations and consequences
Causes, compensations and consequences of respiratory alkalosis
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Topic list for Pathophysiology exam – Faculty of Medicine
2015/2016
159. Chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis: causes, compensations and consequences
160. Chloride-unresponsive metabolic alkalosis and other forms of metabolic alkalosis:
causes, compensations and consequences
161. Other forms of metabolic alkalosis
162.
163.
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165.
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167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
Pathogenesis and consequences of nausea and vomiting
Pathomechanism of dysphagia; diverticula
Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Defensive forces of the gastric mucosa: regulation and disturbances of gastric secretion
Pathogenesis and consequences of peptic ulcer
Disorders of absorption
Disturbances of entero-hepatic circulation of bile acids
Celiac sprue: pathomechanism and consequences
Pathogenesis and consequences of diarrhea
Pathogenesis and consequences of constipation
Pathomechanism of gastrointestinal motility disorders
Pathomechanism and consequences of ileus
Pathogenesis and consequences of acute pancreatitis
Pathogenesis and consequences of chronic pancreatitis
176. Disturbances of liver functions
177. Pathogenesis, laboratory features and differential diagnosis of jaundice
178. Pathogenesis, laboratory features and differential diagnosis of unconjugated
hyperbilirubinemias
179. Pathogenesis, laboratory features and differential diagnosis of conjugated
hyperbilirubinemias
180. Pathomechanism and consequences of cholestasis
181. Pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis
182. Pathomechanism and consequences of portal hypertension
183. Pathogenesis and consequences of hepatic failure
184. Pathomechanism of viral hepatitis
185. Pathomechanism of alcoholic and genetic liver diseases
186. Pathomechanism of immune liver diseases
187. Pathomechanism and consequences of biliary diseases
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
Pathogenesis and consequences of normocytic normochromic anemias
Pathogenesis and consequences of macrocytic hyperchromic anemias
Pathogenesis and consequences of microcytic hypochromic anemias
Pathogenesis and consequences of anemia following blood loss
Pathomechanism of extracorpuscular hemolytic anemias
Pathomechanism of intracorpuscular hemolytic anemias
General characterization of hemorrhagic diathesis
Pathogenesis and consequences of quantitative platelet disorders
Pathogenesis and consequences of qualitative platelet disorders
Pathogenesis and consequences of vascular purpuras
Pathogenesis and consequences of coagulopathies
Pathogenesis and consequences of thrombosis
Pathogenesis and consequences of thrombophilias
Pathogenesis and laboratory features of leucopenia and agranulocytosis
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Topic list for Pathophysiology exam – Faculty of Medicine
2015/2016
202. Pathogenesis and laboratory features of leukocytosis and clinical conditions related to
leukocytosis
203. Forms and consequences of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors
204. Etiological and pathogenetic factors in lymphoid neoplasms, common features and
major forms
205. Pathogenesis of plasma cell disorders
206. Pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemias
207. Pathogenesis of chronic myeloproliferative diseases: CML
208. Pathogenesis of chronic myeloproliferative diseases: polcythemia rubra vera, essential
thrombocytosis, primary myelofibrosis
209. Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
210. Pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and
Huntington’s diseases)
211. Pathogenesis and consequences of cerebral circulatory diseases
212. Characterization of major stroke syndromes
213. Pathogenesis and consequences of cerebral edema
214. Pathomechanism and types of pain
215. Pathomechanism of acute pain
216. Pathomechanism of chronic pain; headaches
217. Pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsia
218. Addiction and chemical addiction
219. The stages and characterization of addiction
220. The role of the brain reward system in addiction
1. September 2015
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