Administration and Academic Employees For the most current information on the credentials of our administration and academic employees, view Academic Credentials online at: http://catalog.spokane.edu/CoursesAndPrograms/Default.aspx?page=PV3 ABSALONSON, TAMI K. SCC, Computer Information Systems Instructor A.A.S./Master Electronics Technical Certificate, Spokane Community College; Vocational Teaching Certificate, Eastern Washington University AFFHOLTER, THOMAS E. SCC, Computer Information Systems Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; B.S., Eastern Washington University; additional study: Gonzaga University, Cuesta College, Los Angeles Community College, Spokane Falls Community College ALLEN, PATTY SCC, District Director of Head Start/ECEAP/EHS B.S., University of Montana; M.A. Eastern Washington University ALT, JENNIFER SFCC, Associate Dean of Student Transitions B.A., M.A., California State University, Stanislaus; Ph.D., University of Nevada, Reno AMAN, TIMOTHY R. DIST, Librarian B.A., Washington State University; M.Lib., University of Washington; additional study: Fu Jen University, Taiwan ANDERSON, CHRISTIE SFCC, English Instructor B.A.Ed., M.A., Eastern Washington University ANDERSON, JO D. SCC, Counselor B.S., Corban University; M.Ed., Whitworth University; LMHC ANDREASSON, KARL-ERIK J. SFCC, Psychology Instructor B.A., Umea University, Umea, Sweden; M.A., Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Ph.D., Temple University, Philadelphia, PA ANKCORN, ELIZABETH A SFCC, ESL Instructor B.A., M.A., Gonzaga University; M.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study, Reed College ANTHONY, JARED J SFCC, English - Composition and Rhetoric Instructor A.A., Clark College (Vancouver, WA); B.A., Washington State University; M.A., Western Washington University; Ph.D., Washington State University. ARKELL, DIANA K. SCC, Respiratory Therapy Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College; B.S., Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; R.R.T., C.P.F.T., R.C.P. Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog ARPIN, MARCEL J. SCC, Art Instructor B.F.A., Arizona State University; B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study: Seattle University AUSTIN, PAM C. SFCC, Multicultural Student Services Counselor B.S., M.E., Northern Montana College; additional study: Montana State University AVERY, LISA C. DIST, Vice Provost Strategic Partnerships B.A., Ball State University; M.S.W. & Ph.D., University of Illinois at Chicago BAGWELL, GEOFFREY S SCC, Philosophy Instructor B.A., University of Oregon; M.A., St John's College; M.A. & Ph.D., Duquesne University BAKER, ALLEN R. SCC, Electrical Maintenance Technician Instructor Certificate, Denver Institute of Technology BARKER, CHIA-LING (CHARLENE) SFCC, General Business Instructor B.A., Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; M.B.A., Eastern Washington University BARNETT, JOHN R SCC, Electronics Engineering Technology Instructor A.A.S. Electronics, Master Electronics Technical Certificate, Spokane Community College BARR, MAURICE H. SCC, English Instructor B.A., M.F.A., University of Iowa, Iowa City BARSON, JENNIFER LYN SFCC, Geology Instructor A.A., Pierce Community College; B.S. Central Washington University; M.S., University of Nevada, Reno BASSETT, SUZANNE E SCC, Microbiology Instructor B.S. Microbiology, Washington State University; Ph.D. The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas BAWDEN, KARL L. SCC, Aircraft Mechanics Instructor B.S., Utah State University BAYS, STEVEN W. SFCC, Associate Dean of Enrollment Services B.S., M.A., Northwestern State University of Louisiana 279 BEATTY, LARRY J. SCC, Physical Education\First Aid Instructor A.A., Green River Community College; B.S., University of Portland; M.S., Western Oregon State College; AHA, NSC, ARC BECKER, CHARLES C SCC, Basic Skills Instructor B.A., University of California, Los Angeles; J.D., Gonzaga University BOOTH, BRENT L. SFCC, General Business Instructor A.A., North Idaho College; B.A., Washington State University; M.B.A., University of Montana; Ph.D., Northcentral University BOUVIER, ERIC J SCC, Machine Shop/CNC Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College BEEGLE, NINA FINCH SCC, ABE Instructor B.A., Whitman College; M.A.T., Gonzaga University BRADLEY, ASA M SFCC, Physics Instructor B.S., Sam Houston State University; M.S., University of Colorado Health Sciences Center; M.F.A., Eastern Washington University; additional studies, University of California Extension BELOIT, ROXANNE L. SCC, Director of Admissions and Registration A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Whitworth University; Additional Studies, Eastern Washington University BRADY, GARY R. SFCC, Life Sciences Associate Instructor B.S., Oregon Technical Institute, Klamath Falls; M.S., Eastern Washington University BISHOP, ADRIANA M. SFCC, Chemistry Instructor B.S., M.S., University of Houston, Clear Lake; additional study: University of Texas, Galveston BRADY, JAMES D. SFCC/DIST, Dean of Computing, Mathematics and Science A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.S., Eastern Washington University BJERKE, JOY L. SCC, Mathematics Instructor A.A., Fresno City College; B.A., M.A., California State University, Fresno; Ed.D., University of La Verne BRAUN, DAVID M. SCC, Architecture Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., University of Idaho BLAHAK, DELLA SFCC, Counselor, Pullman Center B.A., Winona State University; M.A., Washington State University; Ph.D., Saybrook University BREKKE, CIELITO M SCC/SFCC, ESL Associate Faculty B.A., University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; Additional studies: Whitworth University, Concordia University, Manila Central University. BLECK, BRADLEY W. SFCC, English Instructor B.A., University of Washington; M.A., Idaho State University; additional study: University of Washington, Eastern Washington University, University of Nevada, Las Vegas BLEDSOE, AMY B SCC, Health Information Technology Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College; B.S., Stephens College BLEVINS, GARY H. SFCC, Biology Instructor B.S., M.S., Wichita State University; additional study: Emporia State University, University of Wyoming BLIZZARD, ALLISON M. DIST, Interim Associate Dean Global Education A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; M.A., Ph.D., University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany BLUE-BLANTON, CYNTHIA D. SFCC, Interior Design Associate Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A., Washington State University; additional study: University of Texas, Austin, University of Idaho; NCIDQ Certified, ASID BONE, CYNTHIA S. SCC, Communications Studies Instructor B.A., University of Washington; M.A., University of Montana Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog BRIGGS, BRIAN SCC, Business Technology Associate Instructor B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University BROTHERS, BRIAN D. SCC, Counselor B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., Gonzaga University BROUGHTON, RICHARD I. SFCC, English/Humanities Instructor B.A., M.A., Florida State University; M.A., Hollins College; additional study: University of Virginia BROWN, JEFFREY R. SCC, Dean of Business, Hospitality and Information Technology B.S., United States Military Academy; M.B.A., Pacific Lutheran University BRUMBAUGH, MILDRED P SCC, Developmental Education Associate Instructor B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., Eastern Illinois University BRUNNER, DONALD K. SFCC, Accounting/Economics Instructor B.A., Western Washington State College; M.B.A., Gonzaga University 280 BRUNT, BONNIE J. G. SFCC, Dean of Instruction for Visual & Performing Arts B.A., Walla Walla College; M.A., University of Northern Iowa BUCHER, CAROLE L SCC/SFCC, English Associate Instructor B.A. University of California at Irvine; M.F.A. Eastern Washington University BUCKLEY, MICHAEL J. SCC, Political Science Instructor B.A., University of California, Santa Barbara; M.A., California State University, Long Beach; Additional studies, Washington State University CARLSON, DENISE M. SCC, Applied Academics Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A., Eastern Washington University CARLSON, LINNEA J. SFCC, English Associate Instructor B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., Eastern Washington University CARR, MARY M. DIST, Library Services Executive Director B.A., M.Lib., University of Washington; M.S.H.R.M., Gonzaga University, CSBA, LEED AP BD+C BUDDINGTON, ANDREW M. SCC, Geology Instructor B.S., University of Washington; M.S., Western Washington University CARY, CHRISTOPHER S SCC, ABE Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A.T., University of Idaho; Additional Studies, Whitworth College BUECHNER, GARY S SFCC, Chemistry Instructor B.S. University of Washington, B.S. , B.A.Ed. Eastern Washington University; M.S. University of Washington CASEY, CAROLYN J. DIST, Public Information Officer B.A., Western Washington University; M.P.A., University of Washington, Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs BUENZLI, WENDY SCC, Associate Dean of Nursing A.A., Everett Community College; B.S., M.S.N., University of Washington; Additional studies, University of Southern Mississippi CHOBOT SR., LUDWIK M. SCC, Computer Applications Instructor A.A., Community College of the Air Force; A.A., Oscar Rose Junior College; B.A., California State University, Sacramento; B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University BURNS, MICHAEL A. SCC, English Instructor B.S., Xavier University; M.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study: University of Illinois CHRISTENSEN, ERIC W. SCC, Auto Collision and Refinishing Instructor Spokane Community College BURRUS, KEN SCC/SFCC/DIST, District Director of Athletics & PE A.A., Shoreline Community College; B.A., University of Washington; M.Ed., Western Washington University CLEMONS, KATIE L SFCC, Sociology Instructor B.A., Whitworth University; M.S.W., Eastern Washington University; Additional studies, Washington State University BURT, TAMARA L SFCC, Occupational Therapy Assistant Instructor/Director B.S., University of Washington; M.A., University of Phoenix; OTR/L COFFEE, SUSAN K SCC, Business Technology Instructor A.A., Skagit Valley Community College; B.S., Central Washington University; M.S., Eastern Washington University; Additional Studies, Spokane Falls Community College BUTLER, SUSAN SCC/SFCC/DIST, Biology Instructor B.S., Shaanxi Normal University, China; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; M.S., Xi'an Medical Institute COFFEY, JEFF SCC, Automotive Technology Instructor Professional Technical Education Certificate, ASE Master Technician Certificate, CAMPBELL, CONNAN D. SCC, Director of Student Development B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.S., Syracuse University COFFEY, NANCY DIST, Librarian B.A., California State University, Long Beach; M.S.L.S., University of Southern California CANTRELL, MARY KATHLEEN SCC, Spanish Instructor B.A., University of Idaho; B.S., San Jose State University; M.A., Washington State University; additional study: University of California, Berkeley CAPELLO, ARTHUR L. SCC, Agriculture Technology Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog COLE, DAVID A. SCC, Biology Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., B.S., Eastern Washington University; M.S., Cornell University, Ithaca, New York COLE, MARIE D. SFCC, Program Director/Physical Therapist Assistant Instructor A.S., North Idaho College; B.S., University of Montana; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University 281 COMMERS, KENNETH A. SFCC, Business Math Center Instructor/Coordinator B.A., University of Montana; M.S. University of Idaho COMPTON, RENEE M SFCC, Physical Therapist Assistant Instructor A.A.S., Yakima Valley Community College; A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.Ed., Gonzaga University CONERY, TODD A SCC, Diesel/Heavy Duty Equipment Instructor Certificate of Completion, North Idaho College CONNORS, THOMAS R. SCC, Automotive Technology Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College CONRAD, GEORGEANNA J. SCC, Counselor B.A., Gonzaga University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; additional study: Spokane Community College, Whitworth College, University of Utah, Gonzaga University COOK, MICHELE L. SCC, GED/ Adult Basic Education Instructor B.A., Education, Eastern Washington University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University CORNELIS, KRISTEN A SCC, History Instructor B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University COSBY, GLEN A. SFCC, Dean of Humanities, Business, Professional Studies and Workforce Education B.A., California State University, Sacramento; M.A., Ph.D., Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia COSNER, REBECCA J SCC/SFCC/DIST, Math Instructor B.S., Whitworth University; M.S., Texas Tech University COSNER, SHAWNA L. SFCC, Math Associate Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.S., Whitworth University; M.A., Texas Tech University COX, DAVID SCC/SFCC/DIST, Dean of Technical Education B.S., Purdue University; M.S., Montana State University CRABTREE, DOUGLAS F. SFCC, Digital Imaging and Graphic Design Instructor B.A., Washington State University CRIPE, GREG O. SFCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., B.M., Indiana University, Bloomington, M.S., Eastern Washington University, M.S., Ph.D., University of Montana CROSS, JESSICA M SCC, Counselor B.A., Washington State University; M.A., Eastern Washington University Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog CUTLER, SCOTT R. SCC, Noninvasive Cardiovascular Technology Instructor A.A., Northern Alberta Institute of Technology; B.S., Brigham Young University DAVIS, CHRISSY L SFCC, Associate Dean of Student Success/Counseling/Advising B.S.W., University of Wyoming; M.S.W., University of Denver; Additional Studies, University of North Texas DAWSON, SCOTT R. SCC, Computer Information Systems Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; A.A.S., Spokane Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University DE FORD, LINDA D SCC, Assistant Dean - PACE Services B.Ed., M.A., Gonzaga University DE LAUDER, CYNDE SFCC, Communications Studies Associate Instructor B.A., St. Lawrence University, New York; M.A. University of Alaska, Anchorage DEBOLT, KATELLA E. SFCC, Psychology Instructor B.A., M.A., Gonzaga University; additional studies: Spokane Falls Community College DECKER, SHERI SCC, English Instructor B.A., Western Washington University; M.A., University of Idaho DEFFE, CINDY M. SCC, Agriculture/Horticulture Instructor B.S., Washington State University; M.Ed.; Eastern Washington University; additional study: University of Washington, Eastern Washington University DEFOUR, JULIUS E. SFCC, Gateway to College Instructor and Resource Specialist B.A., Middle Tennessee State University; M.A., Lesley University DEYO, ROBERT M SCC, Business Technology Instructor B.A., Washington State University; M.I.T., Heritage University DIMICK, SUSAN MARIE SCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., M.E.P.D., University of Wisconsin at Platteville DIRKS, MICHAEL K SFCC, Mathematics Associate Instructor B.S., University of Washington; M.S., Seattle University; Ed.D., University of British Columbia; Additional Studies, Dartmouth college, Washington State University, Ohio State University, University of Illinois DODSON, ANDY R SCC, Aviation Maintenance Instructor A.A., Community College of the Air Force; A.A., Victor Valley Community College; B.A., Southern Illinois University 282 DOERR, MARK E. SFCC, English Instructor A.A., Columbia Basin College; B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University EIKUM, KIMBERLY M SCC, Radiology Technology Instructor B.S., Weber State University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; R.T. (R) (M) (ARRT) DOLAN, DEBORAH S SCC, Director of Operations - Head Start B.A., Western Washington University; M.S., Washington State University EKINS, GAYLE W. SCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor B.B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University; CPA DRAKE, LEIGHANNA SFCC, Early Childhood Education Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.Ed., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University DUDAK, BRIAN SCC, Assistant Dean of Instruction for ABE B.A., M.S.E., Harding University; Ed.D., University of Memphis DUNFORD, MATHEW J. SCC, Natural Resources Management Instructor B.S., Washington State University DUNHAM, DENNIS E DIST, District Director of Facilities A.A., Spokane Community College; B.B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.B.A., Gonzaga University DUNHAM, LOUELLA B. SCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor B.A., M.S., Eastern Washington University; additional study: Oxford University DUVERNAY, NICOLE C. SCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., Gonzaga University; M.S., Eastern Washington University DVORACEK, CARLENE H. SCC/SFCC/DIST, Chemical Dependency Professional Studies Instructor B.A., M.Ed., University of Montana; M.Ed., M.S.W., Eastern Washington University EDIGHOFFER, GARY B. SFCC, Audio Engineering and Woodwinds Instructor B.M., M.M.Ed., University of North Texas, Denton, Texas EDLIN-MARLOW, SARA SFCC, Associate Drama & Speech Instructor B.A., University of Miami; M.F.A., University of Hawaii EDWARDS, DAVID C. SCC, Architecture Technology Instructor B.A. University of Colorado, Boulder; Additional Studies, Eastern Washington University; Licensed Architect (WA) EDWARDS, HEATHER L SCC, Developmental Education Instructor B.A., California State University; M.A., Eastern Washington University EGGERMAN, JASON J SCC, Psychology Instructor B.S., Black Hills State University; M.A., San Diego State University Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog ELSTON, MAUREEN SCC, Nursing Instructor B.S., Creighton University; M.B.A.,M.S.N, Gonzaga University ENEVOLD, JILL D. SFCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor B.S., M.Ed., University of Idaho EVENSON, DONNA I SFCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor B.A., Washington State University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University FORD, GRETCHEN A. SCC, Counselor B.A., Southern Illinois University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; LMHC FRANKART, WILLIAM A SCC, Chemistry Associate Instructor B.A., California State University, Fullerton; M.S., San Diego State University; Ph.D., University of California, Davis FRANKLIN, JACKIE L SFCC, Accounting Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Gonzaga University; M.B.A., Eastern Washington University; CPA FRANKLIN, MARK W. SCC, Diesel/Heavy Duty Equipment Instructor Certificate Arizona Automotive Institute FREEMAN, LISA W SFCC, English Instructor B.F.A., University of Southern California; M.A., University of Idaho FREEMAN, STEPHANIE L SFCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor B.B.A., M.B.A., Gonzaga University; M.I.T. Whitworth University FREUDENTHAL, JACQUELYNN M. SCC, Mathematics Instructor B.A., M.A., University of Montana; additional study: Gonzaga University GAMBERONI, STEVEN K. SCC/SFCC, Music Instructor B.M., Duquesne University GARCIA, SYLVIA J. SCC, Cosmetology Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College 283 GARDNER JR., IRA W. SFCC, Photography Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University GARTRELL, MELODY A. SCC, Nursing Instructor A.A.S., Scottsdale Community College; B.S., M.S.N., University of Phoenix GAUPER, CAROL R SFCC, Occupational Therapy Assistant Instructor B.S., Western Michigan University GEBHART, ANDREW A. SCC, Adult Basic Education Instructor B.A., University of Idaho; M.A., Iowa State University GENDUSA, MICHELLE L. SCC, Counselor B.A., M.S.W., Eastern Washington University GOSS, REBECCA A SCC, Counselor B.A., Loyola Marymount University; M.A., University of Colorado GRAESE, LISA M SCC, Medical Secretary and Medical Transcriptionist Instructor Certificate, Spokane Community College; A. A., Spokane Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study: Western Governor's University; certified medical transcriptionist (CMT) GREEN, CARMEN M SCC, Counselor B.A., University of Washington; M.A., Pacific Lutheran University GREEN, TRAVIS J SCC, HVAC Instructor Vocational certifications GEORGE, KATHLEEN M SCC/SFCC, ABE/GED Instructor B.S. Gonzaga University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University. GRIBBLE, THOMAS A. SCC/SFCC, English Instructor B.S., City University-Seattle; M.F.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study: University of Maryland; Eastern Washington University. GILBERT, BRIAN A. SCC, Natural Resources Management Instructor B.S., M.S., University of Washington; Ph.D., University of Idaho GRIFFIN, ERIN R SCC, Biology Instructor B.S., M.S., University of Idaho GLAZE, GARY R. SFCC, Mathematics Instructor B.A., University of Montana, Missoula; B.A., M.S., Eastern Washington University GROTH, JEREMY T. SCC, Physical Education Instructor \ Head Men's Basketball Coach A.A.S., Big Bend Community College; B.A., M.A., Concordia University GLUBRECHT, KIALYNN A. SFCC, Mathematics Instructor B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; additional study: Eastern Washington University, Western Washington University, University of Washington, Seattle Pacific University GOFFINET, RENEE C. SCC, General Business Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Gonzaga University; M.B.A., Marylhurst University GOODMAN, ELODIE P SFCC, French Instructor B.A., M.A., University of Washington GOODWIN, MARY ANN LUND DIST, Dean for eLearning B.A., Washington State University; M.A., University of Denver; M.S., University of Oregon; Ed.D., Washington State University GORIS-CLASON, ERIN L. SCC, Health Sciences Instructor B.S., State University of New York, Oneonta, New York; M.P.H., California State University, Northridge; Certified Diabetes Educator; Registered Dietitian; Registered Nurse GORSKI, MARK A. SFCC, Engineering Instructor B.S.M.E., Tulane University; M.S.M.E., University of Washington; Ph.D., Washington State University Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog GUERRERO, ROSI E. SFCC, Music (Private and Class Piano) Instructor B.MUS., University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia; M.MUS., University of Arizona, Tucson; D.M.A,, Michigan State University, East Lansing GULLICKSON, JANET A. SCC/SFCC/DIST, SFCC President B.S., University of South Dakota; M.S., South Dakota State University; Ed.D., University of Minnesota GUNAWAN, RUDYANTO SFCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., University of Washington; M.S., Eastern Washington University GUSTAFSON, HERMAN G. SCC, History, Sociology Instructor B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., California State University— Chico; additional study: Eastern Washington University, Whitworth College, Washington State University, University of Washington, Gonzaga University HAAG, PATRICIA DIKE SFCC, Fine Arts Instructor B.A., University of North Dakota; M.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study: University of Victoria, Canada, San Francisco State University, Emily Carr School of Art and Design, Banff Centre for the Arts 284 HAHTO, BARBARA A SFCC, Counselor/Running Start A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Washington State University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; Washington Administrative Certification, Eastern Washington University. HAIN, RONDA L SCC, Developmental Education Instructor B.S., Gonzaga University; M.S., Eastern Washington University; Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), Certified Psychosocial Rehabilitation Professional (CPRP) HAMMERS, CHANTAL P. SFCC, Hearing Instrument Specialist Instructor A.A., A.A.S., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A., Washington State University HANSEN, LAUREL D. SFCC, Biology Instructor B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.S., Ph.D., Washington State University HANSON, DEBRA ROSE SCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor B.A., Washington State University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University HANSON, RICK G. SCC, Accounting Instructor A.A., B.A., Northwest Nazarene College; M.B.A., Eastern Washington University HARLESS, RICHARD J. SCC, Pre-Hospital Care Instructor A.A., A.A.S., Spokane Community College; Paramedic Certification; EMT Certification, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama HARRAS, BARBARA M. SFCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., M.A., University of Washington; additional study: Seattle Community College, Eastern Washington University HARRISON, RICKIE J. SCC, Physical Education Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University HARVEY, TOBE L SFCC, Associate Art Instructor M.F.A, Washington State University; B.A., Montana State University; A.A., Northwest College HAUER, JESSICA L. SFCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., Saginaw Valley State University; M.I.T., Gonzaga University; M.S., Eastern Washington University HAVKO, CINDY L SFCC, Counselor B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.Ed., Whitworth University HEGDE, BHARADWAJ (RAJU) SCC, Dean of Adult Basic Education B.A., Knox College; M.Ed., Temple University HEIDENSON, WALTER F. SCC, Physical Education Instructor, Tennis Coach A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A.T., Whitworth College; U.S.P.T.A. Certified Tennis Professional HEIN, BRADLEY M SCC, Welding and Fabrication Instructor Welding and Fabrication Certificate, Spokane Community College; Certified Welding Inspector; Certified Welding Educator HENRIKSEN, JL SCC, Dean of Health and Environmental Sciences B.S., Eastern Washington University; M.NS., University of South Dakota; Ph.D., Creighton University HEWEY, BERNARD D. SFCC, Orthotics-Prosthetics Technician Instructor B.S., University of Washington; additional studies, Tacoma Community College HIGLEY, TONY J SCC/SFCC/DIST, District Development Officer B.B.A., B.B.A., Gonzaga University HJALTALIN, LISA A SCC/SFCC/DIST, Chief Financial Officer B.S., Lewis-Clark State College; Additional studies, Eastern Washington University; CPA HOL, DICK SCC/SFCC/DIST, ctcLink Project Manager B.A., British Columbia Institute of Technology HOLES, NATHAN A SCC, Aviation Instructor A.A.S., Big Bend Community College; B.O.E., Eastern New Mexico University HOOLEY, DOROTHY A. SCC, Computer Information Systems Instructor A.A., Wenatchee Valley College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study: University of California Sacramento, Spokane Falls Community College, Pacific Lutheran University HOPKINS, LESLIE JAYE-ANNE SCC, Chemistry Instructor B.A., Seattle University; M.S. University of Minnesota HOWLETT, GARY G. SCC, Computer Information Systems Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College; C.D.P.; C.S.P. HUFF, YASUKA N. SFCC, Modern Languages/Japanese Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., M.A., Gonzaga University HEDMAN, RODNEY C. SCC, Electrical Maintenance and Automation Instructor Study at Spokane Community College Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog 285 HUFFMAN, TANJA D. SFCC, Interior Design Instructor B.A., Washington State University HUFFSTUTTER, JOHN DIST, District Director of Budget and Administrative Services B.S., Florida State University; M.P.A., Troy University, Alabama HULL, CLINTON D SCC, Athletics and Wellness Instructor B.S., Concordia University; M.S., Azusa Pacific University HUMPHREY, KRISTIN L. SCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., Whitworth College; M.S., Eastern Washington University JINGLING, RONALD W. SCC, CAD & Mechanical Engineering Technology Instructor A.A., Big Bend Community College; A.A.S., Spokane Community College JOBANDO, VINCENT SCC, Physics Instructor BSC, MOI University, Kenya; M.S. Miami University, Ohio; Ph.D., Texas Christian University JOHNS, GARY WAYNE SCC, Criminal Justice Instructor B.A., M.A., Columbia Pacific University; B.A., M.A., City University HUNLEY, ROBERT M. SCC, Corrections (ABE/GED) Instructor B.A., M.A., Gonzaga University, Ph.D., California Institute of Integral Studies JOHNSON III, JOHN D. SFCC, Hearing Instrument Specialist Instructor B.A., Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville; M.A., University of Central Florida, Orlando; CCC-A Clinical Certification, American Speech, Language and Hearing Association HUTTER, KIMBERLY F. SFCC, Interpreter Training Program Instructor A.A.S., Northcentral Technical College; B.A.S., Siena Heights University JOHNSON, BRUCE A. SFCC, Physical Education Instructor B.A., Yankton College, South Dakota; M.A., Eastern Washington University HYATT, MARY C. SFCC, Speech, Film Studies, English Instructor B.A., M.A., Whitworth College; additional study: California State University—Fullerton, American Film Institute/Director Guild of America JOHNSON, CHRISTINE DIST, Chancellor/Chief Executive Officer B.S., New Mexico State University; M.A., Ph.D., The University of Colorado ISERN, JEANNIE L SCC, English Instructor B.A., Fort Lewis College; M.A., University of Idaho JACKSON, JAMES E. SCC, Business Computer Systems Instructor A.A., Santa Rosa Junior College; B.S., Sonoma State University; M.S., Oregon State University JACKSON, SALLY E. SFCC, Director of Planning, Institutional Effectiveness and Research A.A., Clatsop Community College; B.A., University of Evansville; M.A., Oklahoma State University; M.A.E., Western Kentucky University JAHNS, ANGELA M SCC, Math Instructor B.A.E., M.S., Eastern Washington University JAHNS, KELLY C. SCC, Mathematics Instructor B.A.Ed., M.S., Eastern Washington University JAMES, GWENDOLYN SCC, English Instructor B.A. & M.A., Eastern Washington University; M.F.A., Pacific University JENSEN, GENEVIEVE L. SCC, Medical Office Careers Instructor CCAT; additional study Spokane Community College. Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog JOHNSON, ERIN L. SCC, Spanish Instructor A.S., North Idaho College; B.A., University of Idaho; M.A., Washington State University; Additional studies, Gonzaga University JOHNSON-BRILEY, ANNETTE J. SCC/SFCC, Corrections (ABE/GED) Instructor A.A., A.A.S., Spokane Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.S., Walden University JONES, DAVID L SCC, Software Development Instructor B.S., California Polytechnic University; M.S., Pepperdine University JONES, GERALD W. SCC, General Business Associate Instructor B.A. and M.A., Eastern Washington University JONES, TINA L SCC, Surgical Technology Instructor A.A.,A.A.S., Spokane Community College; Additional studies: Spokane Community College; Eastern Washington University; Certified Surgical Technologist - National Board of Surgical Technology; Member of NBSTSA JORDAN, LORI A. SCC, Administrative Office Systems and General Business Instructor B.B.A., Boise State University; M.Ed., Central Washington University 286 JOSQUIN, MAX E. SFCC, Computer Science Instructor B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University JOY, KAREN L SFCC, Mathematics Associate Instructor B.A., Kent State University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University KIRKPATRICK, RUTH E SFCC, Botany Instructor B.S., Humboldt State University; M.S., Washington State University; Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley KOMAREK, LYNN M SCC, CIS Associate Instructor A.A., A.A.S., A.A.S., Spokane Community College; B.A., Washington State University JOZWIAK, JOSEPH F SFCC, Assistant Dean for Social Sciences, AccountingEconomics, and Human Services B.A., University of Nebraska; M.A., Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison KOVARIK, CAMILLE T SCC, Developmental Education Instructor B.S., South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; M.I.T., Whitworth University KAVANAGH, JEAN A. SCC, English Associate Instructor B.S., Lewis and Clark College, Portland; M.F.A., Eastern Washington University KOWTKO, STACY S SCC, History Instructor B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A., Eastern Washington University; ABD, Washington State University KEARN, PATRICK C SCC, HEQ/Truck Driving Instructor Certified Truck Driving Instructor; CDL Classroom Instructor KREINER, MARGARET A. SCC, Communications Studies Instructor A.A., Fox Valley Technical Institute; B.A., Eastern Montana College; M.A., University of Oregon KEAST, HEATHER M. SFCC, English Instructor B.A., University of Puget Sound; M.F.A., Eastern Washington University KELLER, DAVID J. SFCC, Physical Education Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., M.I.T., Gonzaga University KENDOLL, RACHEL A SCC, Vascular Technology Instructor B.S., Medical Imaging Technology, Oregon Institute of Technology; M.A.Ed., University of Phoenix KENNEDY, COLLEEN G. SCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor B.S., University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University KENT, CHRISTOPHER A. SCC, Geography Instructor B.A., University of Colorado-Boulder; M.A., University of California, Davis; M.S., University of Wisconsin-Madison; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison KEYS, LINDA A. DIST, Librarian B.A., University of Nevada, Las Vegas; M.S., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; additional study: College of Southern Idaho, University of Rhode Island, Community College of Southern Nevada KHATTRY, ROSHAN SFCC, Economics Instructor B.A., Coe College; M.A., University of Oregon KIER, LAURA D. SCC, Computer Information Systems Instructor B.S., Oregon State University; Additional Studies, Spokane Community College, Spokane Falls Community College, and Oregon State University Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog KRESTIAN, KENNETH S SFCC, Physical Education Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., Eastern Washington University KRONE, JOSHUA L. SCC, Mathematics Instructor A.A., Lower Columbia Community College; B.S., Central Washington University; M.A., University of Montana KRUMBHOLZ II, GERALD ANTONE SFCC, Music Instructor B.A., University of South Florida; M.M. University of Cincinnati; Ph.D. University of Rochester KUHLE, TEYADORA J SCC, Landscape/Horticulture Instructor B.A., Western Washington University; M.S., Washington State University KURTZ, STORMY A SFCC, English Associate Instructor B.A., University of Montana; M.A., Eastern Washington University; LAISE, KATHERINE J. SCC, ESL/Developmental Education Instructor B.A., Eastern Washington University LAMBERT-KEEN, DENISE R. SCC, English Instructor B.A., Washington State University; M.A. Eastern Washington University LANSING, NATHAN SFCC, Music-Choral Instructor A.A.S., Edmonds Community College; B.M., M.M., Central Washington University 287 LARSEN, DOROTHY C. SCC, Applied Academics Instructor B.Ed., M.Ed., Gonzaga University LYCAN, CECILE A. SCC, Sociology Instructor B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Washington State University LAWLER, ROXANNE J SFCC, English Associate Instructor B.A., University of Washington; M.F.A., Eastern Washington University MACIAS, A. MARK DIST, Managing Director of Institutional Research B.S., Ohio State University; Additional studies, Eastern Washington University LAWRENCE, BETSY K SCC, English Instructor B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University MALCOLM, KELLY T. SCC, Associate Technical Education Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University LAWSON, ANNE L SCC, Developmental Education Instructor B.A., Eastern Washington University LEE, JOAL SFCC, English Instructor B.A., Fort Lewis College; M.F.A., Eastern Washington University LENKER, MICHAEL W SCC, Dean of Student Support Services B.S., Drexel University; M.A., Marymount University LINDEKUGEL, REBECCA K SCC, Sociology Associate Instructor B.A., M.A., University of Nevada Las Vegas LITZENBERGER, JULIE G SCC, Culinary Arts Instructor B.A., Washington State University LIVINGSTON, TONY L. SCC, Diesel/Heavy Duty Equipment Instructor Certificate of Completion in Diesel Mechanics, North Idaho College; Certificate from DANA Corporation, Master of Motors LOMBARDI, ROBERT A. SCC, Culinary Arts Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; CEC Certified Executive Chef, CCE Certified Culinary Educator, CEPC Certified Executive Pastry Chef, American Culinary Federation; additional study: Everett Community College, Culinary Institute of America MARLOWE, WILLIAM C. SFCC, Drama Instructor A.A., B.F.A., M.F.A., University of Arizona, Tucson MARTENS-HAWORTH, MEGAN D. SFCC, Art Instructor A.A., Northwest College; B.F.A., Minnesota State University, Mankato; M.F.A., Washington State University MARTIN, CHARLES J. SCC, Hotel and Restaurant Management Instructor A.S., Johnson and Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island; B.A., Michigan State University, East Lansing MARTIN, JENNIFER L SCC/SFCC/DIST, Dean of Extended Learning B.A., Gonzaga University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University MARTIN, SARAH A SFCC, Anthropology Instructor B.S., Rowan University; M.A., Ph.D., The Ohio State University MARTINEZ, CINDY M SCC, Cosmetology Instructor Additional studies, North Idaho College; Additional studies, Montana State University MARTINSON, JAMES R. SCC, Physical Education Instructor, Women's Soccer Coach B.A., M.A., Whitworth College LOOMIS, ROBERT D. SCC, Paralegal Instructor/ General Business Instructor B.A., M.A., Washington State University; J.D., Gonzaga University; M.I.M., Whitworth College MASSEY, LAWRENCE SFCC, Communications Instructor B.G.S., Gonzaga University; M.A. University of Washington; additional studies, University of Washington LORENTZ, JOEL G. SCC, Electrical Maintenance and Automation Instructor Certificate, Spokane Community College; additional study: Eastern Washington University MATLOCK, IRENE M. SFCC, Physical Education Instructor B.A., University of Washington; M.S., Eastern Washington University LOWE, BRENT D SCC/SFCC, Auto Collision and Refinishing Instructor Certificate, San Mateo County Regional Occupational Program, Burlingame, California; certified A.S.E. collision repair estimator, technician; additional study: Automotive Management Institute, Bedford, Texas, I-CAR MATTHEWS, MELODY L. DIST, Director of HR Info Systems B.A., Eastern Washington University; SPHR Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog MATTKE, MARK E DIST, Chief Workforce Development Officer Credentials Pending 288 MAXFIELD, PATRICIA SCC, Cosmetology Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College MC COLLIM, DANIEL R SFCC, Music Production / Audio Technology Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College; B.M., Berklee College of Music MC CORMICK, CAMERON SCC/SFCC, Geography Instructor B.A., St. Olaf College; M.S., University of Nevada; Ph.D., University of Kansas MC COY, AMY K. SCC, Vice President of Student Services A.S., North Idaho College; B.A., Washington State University; M.A., University of California, Davis MC CRACKEN, BRENDA SCC, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor B.S., M.S., Eastern Washington University MC CURDY, SUZANNE M. SCC, Counselor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., M.A., Gonzaga University MC GREGOR, ROBERT G. SCC, Math/Science Instructor B.S., Valley City State College; M.S., Oregon State University MC LEAN, JAMES S. SCC, General Business Instructor B.A., M.Ed., J.D., Gonzaga University, L.L.M.; Georgetown University Law Center, Washington D.C. MC MAHON, POLLY P. SFCC, Social Service Paraprofessional Instructor B.A., Emory University; M.A., Morehead State University; Ph.D., California School of Professional Psychology MC NEESE, LARRY F. SCC, Electronics Engineering Technology Instructor B.A.Ed., Industrial Electronics, Eastern Washington University; FCC License, General Class with radar endorsement; additional study: Central Washington University, Tacoma Community College, Eastern Washington University MEIER, CATHERINE R. SFCC, Early Childhood Education Instructor A.S., B.S., University of Montana, Western; M.Ed. Brenau University; Additional studies Walden University MICHEL, JOHN A. SCC, Counselor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., M.S., Eastern Washington University MILL, JOHN L. SFCC, Computer Science Instructor B.S., Computer Science, University of Washington; M.S., Eastern Washington University Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog MILLER, DEBORAH K SCC, Radiology Technology Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.S., Weber State University; M.Ed., University of Phoenix; R.T. (R), (M), (CV), (ARRT) MILLER, MATTHEW J SCC, Hydraulic & Pneumatic Automation Technology Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College; Certified Hydraulic Specialist MILLER, MICHAEL E. SCC, Chemistry Instructor B.S., University of Idaho; Ph.D., University of Utah MILLER, SHARON M. SCC, English Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Fort Wright College; M.A., Eastern Washington University MINKLER, JAMES E. SFCC, Vice President of Learning B.A., M.A., Ph.D., University of Idaho, Moscow MITTELSTADT, MEIKE SFCC, Political Science Instructor B.A., M.A., Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff; Postgraduate Diploma, Nottingham Trent University, Great Britain; additional study: Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff MONNASTES, LORI ANN SFCC, English Instructor- Composition and Ethnic Literature A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A.Ed., Eastern Washington University; M.A., Eastern Washington University MONTGOMERY, NICOLE E. L. SFCC, History Instructor B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University MOORE, MICHELE E SFCC, Astronomy Instructor B.S., Eastern Washington University; M.S., Washington State University; Additional studies, Washington State University MOORHEAD, RONDA C. SCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University MORGAN, W. SCOTT SCC, SCC President B.A., M.B.A., University of Puget Sound MORROW, CORRINE K. SFCC, Interpreter Training Program/Deafness Lead Instructor Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (R.I.D.)- Certified CI/CT; RID Ed: K-12; ITP Certificate, Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Central Washington University MOSES, BARRY G. SCC, GED/ABE Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.Ed., Whitworth University 289 MOTE, KELLEE JOLENE SCC, Adult Basic Education Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University MOUA, GER K. SCC, Psychology Instructor B.A., Gonzaga University; M.S., Eastern Washington University; Ph.D., Washington State University MUDD, RICHARD J SCC, General Business Instructor B.S., Portland State University; M.T., Washington State University; Additional Studies, Portland State University; Portland Community College; Merced College; University of San Diego; Eastern Washington University; Spokane Falls Community College and Modesto Junior College MURLEY, DAVID W. SCC/SFCC/DIST, Dean for Corrections Education A.A., Santa Monica College; B.A., M.A., California State University at Northridge; additional study: Marymount College, Los Angeles Harbor College, Antelope Valley College, San Diego State University MURPHY, HELEN M SCC/SFCC, Radiology Instructor B.S., University of St. Francis MURRAY, JERRY A. SCC, Mechanical Engineering Technology Instructor A.A., College of the Redwoods; B.S., Humboldt State University; M.S., Utah State University MYERS, NANCY M. SCC, Civil Engineering Technology Instructor B.S., Washington State University; M.S., University of Washington; Registered Professional Engineer, WA and ID NACCARATO-SINCLAIR, CARLA L. SCC, Adult Basic Education Instructor B.A., University of Idaho NAGEL, MARY K. SFCC, Reference Librarian B.A., Winona State University, Minnesota; M.A., University of Wisconsin-Madison NANDAGOPAL, SREEDHARANI K. SCC/SFCC, Mathematics Associate Instructor B.S., Physics, Mathematics, and Chemistry, Madras Christian College, Madras, India; B.S., Physics, University of Washington; B.S., Engineering, with emphasis on Nuclear Engineering, University of Washington; Secondary Teaching Certificate for Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Gonzaga University; M. Ed., Teaching with emphasis in Mathematics, Gonzaga University NELSON, ALEXIS A SFCC, English Instructor B.A., M.A., Marquette University; Ph.D., Gonzaga University; additional study: Exeter College of Oxford University, Eurocentres Language School, Florence, Italy Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog NELSON, DOUGLAS SCC, Economics Instructor B.S., Economics, B.S., Management, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO; M.A., Economics, University of Washington; M.I.T., Education, Whitworth NELSON, JEFFREY H. DIST, Information Technology Security Officer B.A., University of California; Additional studies, SANS Institute NEMRI, KAMILIA S. SCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., University of Jordan; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University NENNO, MARDIS S. SFCC, Art Instructor B.F.A., Montana State University; M.F.A., Washington State University NICK, SARAH E. SFCC, English Associate Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A, M.A., Eastern Washington University NIELSEN, BRADY C. SFCC, Information Technology Instructor B.A., M.B.A., Gonzaga University; Additional studies, Regis University NIELSON, MARILYN K. SCC, Natural Resources Instructor B.S., Washington State University; M.S., University of Idaho NILSSON, GARY W DIST, Director of Human Resources B.S., M.B.A., Southern New Hampshire University NIX, JASON R. SFCC, Journalism Instructor A.A.S., Wallace State Community College; B.A., M.A., Auburn University; additional studies: Poynter Institute for Media Studies NOEL, JUDITH J. SFCC, Special Education / Rehabilitation Paraprofessional Instructor A.A., Santa Rosa Junior College; B.A., University of Montana; M.S., Portland State University NORMAN, JESSIE PATRICIA SCC, Dental Assisting/EFDA Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College NORMAN, STEVEN J. SCC, Hydraulic Pneumatic Automation Technology Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College; Certified Pneumatic Technician; Certified Pneumatic Specialist; Certified Fluid Power Instructor O'CONNOR, PAMELA K. SCC/SFCC/DIST, District Director of Fiscal Services A.A.S., Wahpeton State College of Science; A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; CPA 290 O'DAY, THOMAS A. SFCC, Art Instructor A.A., Fullerton College, California; B.A., California State University, Long Beach; M.A., California State University, Northridge O'NEAL, JEROME S. SFCC, Anthropology Instructor B.A., M.A., University of Montana O'NEILL, DAVID E DIST, Chief Information Officer B.S., M.A., Washington State University; M.B.A., University of Montana; Ph.D., University of Idaho OSLER, CHERI SCC, Nursing Instructor A.D.N., Shoreline Community College; B.S.N., Seattle Pacific University; M.S., University of Hawaii; M.A., American School of Professional Psychology; Ed.D., University of Southern California; Licensed Mental Health Counselor OTTUM, TAMARA SFCC/DIST, Librarian B.A., Pacific Lutheran University; M.L.I.S, M.A., University of Rhode Island OVERFIELD, PAUL D SCC, Automotive Instructor ASE Certificate - Master Automobile Technician O'RYAN, JAMESON SCC, English Associate Instructor B.A., Stanford University; M.A., University of Southern Mississippi OWENS, JOAN M SCC, Nursing Instructor B.S.N., University of Washington; M.S.N., Gonzaga University OCHOA, MICHEAL G. SCC, Electrical Maintenance and Automation Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College PEARSON, RONALD A. SCC, Upholstery Instructor Study at Spokane Community College ODLEVAK, JANINE L. DIST, Librarian B.A., Michigan State University; M.I.L.S., University of Michigan; further studies: San Diego Community College and San Diego State University. PEMBERTON, LOREN A. SFCC, Counselor A.A., Concordia College; B.A., Northwestern College; M.Ed., Whitworth College ODREN, DONELLE L SFCC, Physical Therapist Assistant Instructor B.S., Eastern Washington University; DPT, Rocky Mountain University; B.A., Whitworth College PEREGOY, ROBERT S. SCC, Agriculture, Horticulture Instructor B.A., Eastern Washington University; B.S., M.S., University of Maryland; Ph.D., Louisiana State University OLSON, DEBRA SFCC, Mathematics Instructor B.A., M.S., Eastern Washington University PETRIDOU-FISCHER, JOANNA SFCC, Chemistry Instructor B.S., M.S., American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Ph.D., University of New Mexico, Albuquerque OLSON, DENNIS R SCC, Education Associate Instructor B.A.ED, Eastern Washington University; M.Ed., Whitworth University PHINNEY, DONNA J. SCC, Dental Assisting Instructor Certificate, A.A., A.A.S., Spokane Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.Ed., Whitworth College ORME, SCOTT ALAN SCC, English Instructor B.A., Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois; M.F.A., University of Oregon PING, PING SFCC, Sociology Instructor B.Law; Sun Yat-Sen University, China; M.Phil., Ph.D., Chinese University of Hong Kong ORNELAS, MARIANNE SCC, Cosmetology Instructor Walla Walla Community College PITCHER, DARREN T SCC/SFCC/DIST, Vice President of Student & Administrative Services A.S., Miles Community College; B.A., Montana State UniversityBillings; M.A., Fielding Graduate University; ABD, Fielding Graduate University ORTIZ, DEANNA SCC, Counselor B.S., Eastern Oregon University; M.Ed., Ph.D., Washington State University OSBORNE, DIANA SCC, General Business Instructor B.S., American University in Bulgaria; M.A., South West University, Bulgaria; M.B.A. Purdue University OSEI, DENISE M. SFCC, Counselor B.A., Linfield College; M.S., Portland State University Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog POORTINGA, RYAN L SFCC, Counselor A.A.S., Wenatchee Valley Community College, B.S.& M. Ed., Washington State University POPCHCOK, MOLLY J SCC, ESL Instructor B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University 291 POWELL, DARREN D. SCC, Program Director/Invasive Cardiovascular Technology Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College; RCIS, FSICP, Fellow, Society of Invasive Cardiovascular Professionals POWERS, VIRGINIA J. SCC, Business and Management Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University PRICE, SCOTT K. SCC, Biology Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.S., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University REID, ANDREA L. SCC, English Instructor B.A., Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington; M.A., Washington State University RENNER, SHERILYN D. SCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University RHODES, REBECCA J. SCC, Vice President of Learning B.S., M.P.A., and Ed.D., University of Washington PRIM, MICHAEL A. SCC, Criminal Justice Instructor B.S., Montana State University, Bozeman; M.A., Gonzaga University RICCO, BRYAN F. SCC, Automotive Technology Instructor Study at Spokane Community College, Spokane Falls Community College; ASE Certified Master Automobile Technical; Advance Level Washington State Authorized Emission Specialist PRINS, DAVID J. SCC, Horticulture Instructor B.A., Dordt College; M.S., Oregon State University RICHARDS, GREG D. SCC, Culinary Arts Instructor B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., Whitworth College RAINER, JACQUE LEA SCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor Certificate, Spokane Community College; A.A.S., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; Ed.D., Nova University RICHARDSON, CARL L. SFCC, Fine Arts Instructor A.A., Okaloosa-Walton Community College, Florida; B.S., Florida A & M University; M.F.A., Washington State University RAMBO, WILLIAM A. SCC, Counselor A.A., Delaware County Community College, Media, Pennsylvania; B.A., M.S., West Chester State College, Pennsylvania; additional study: Delaware County Community College, College of Great Falls, Montana, Howard University, Montana State University, Gonzaga University RANDALL, LISA A SCC, English Associate Instructor B.S., Montana State University; M.A.,M.A., Eastern Washington University RASMUSSEN, ANGELA B. SCC/SFCC, English Instructor B.A., Brigham Young University; M.A. Utah State University; Additional study, Washington State University READ, LAURA E. SCC/SFCC, English Instructor B.A., Gonzaga University; M.F.A., Eastern Washington University REAGAN, STACIA SCC, Medical Assistant Instructor B.A., Eastern Washington University; CMA; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University REAMES, STEVEN A. SFCC, English/Speech Instructor B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., Ph.D., Claremont Graduate School Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog RICKETT, CRAIG S. SFCC, Speech/Drama Instructor B.A., Northwest Nazarene College, Idaho; M.A., Southern Nazarene University, Oklahoma RICKETT, LINDA DARLENE SFCC, Speech Instructor A.B., Speech, Bethany Nazarene College; M.A., Education, Bethany Nazarene College RIEGER, THOMAS E. SCC, Natural Resources Management Instructor B.S., B.S., University of Idaho RIELLY, BARBARA J. SCC, Legal Secretary Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., M.S., Eastern Washington University RIHN, BERNARD A. SFCC, English Instructor B.S., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania; M.Ed., University of Pittsburgh; Ph.D., Stanford University ROBERTON, KELLY SCC, Adult Basic Education/ESL Instructor B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A., Eastern Washington University ROBINSON, SABRINA D SFCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., Montana State University; M.S., Eastern Washington University 292 RODMAN, MICHAEL R. SFCC, Physics Instructor B.S., Portland State University, Oregon; M.S., San Jose State University, California; M.Phil., Ph.D., Columbia University, New York; additional study: Oregon State University, Texas A & M University RUBOSKY, DONNA SCC/SFCC, Sonography Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; Registered Diagnostic Cardiac Sonographer; Registered Vascular Technologist; Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer ROE, TIMOTHY M. SCC, English Instructor M.P.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A., New Mexico State University; B.A., Washington State University RUDDERS (CUNNINGHAM), ERIN E. B. SCC, Water Resources Instructor B.S., East Tennessee State University, Johnson City; M.S., University of Arizona, Tucson; Licensed Hydrogeologist, Licensed Geologist, State of Washington ROGERS, JEFFERY E. SCC, Automotive Instructor A.S.E. Certification; Experience in the field ROGERS, STACEY B. SCC, Auto/Diesel Heavy Equipment Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College ROLLINS, SCOTT L. SCC/SFCC, Biology Instructor A.S., North Idaho College; B.S., M.S., Portland State University; Ph.D., Michigan State University ROSS, SANDY SFCC, Special Education/Rehabilitation Paraprofessional Instructor B.A.Ed., Eastern Washington University; M.A.Ed., Washington State University ROSSELLI-HULL, JENNI L. SFCC, Physical Education Instructor, Volleyball Coach A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.S., M.S., University of Memphis ROTH, CATHARINE SCC, Philosophy Associate Instructor A.B., Harvard; B.A. and M.A., Cambridge; Ph.D., Harvard ROTH, GREGORY E SFCC, Philosophy Associate Instructor M.Div., Episcopal Theological School; Th.M., Weston College School of Theology; MA STL, Ph.D./SThD., International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton ROTH, JAMES E. SCC, English Instructor B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff; additional study: Whitworth College, Eastern Washington University ROTH, LINDA MARIE SFCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; Ph.D., Utah State University, Logan ROYS, JUNE SFCC, Graphic Design Instructor A.A.B., Lakeland Community College; B.S., Youngstown State University; M.F.A., Edinboro University Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog RUSTEMEYER, WILLIAM A. SCC, Automotive T-Ten Instructor, Coordinator A.A.S., Spokane Community College RUX, FRANKLIN T SCC/SFCC, Math Associate Instructor B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University RYAN, ALYONA SCC/SFCC, ESL Instructor B.A., Kamchatsky State Pedagogical University, Kamchatka, Russia; M.A., Gonzaga University SABA, KAREN S. SCC, Medical Careers Department Instructor CPC; additional study American River College SALISBURY, LINDA SEPPA SCC, Communications Studies Instructor B.A., M.A., University of Washington; M.A., Whitworth College SALVATORI, SAMI SCC, Counselor - Magnuson and Change Point A.A., College of the Canyons; B.A., California State UniversityNorthridge; M.S., University of La Verne; CDPT SANDERS, JANET L SCC, Nursing Instructor B.S., Idaho State University; M.S., Washington State University; Additional Studies, University of Arizona, University of Idaho SAPP, METHEA K. SCC/SFCC, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor B.S., Loyola Marymount University; M.S., Oregon State University SATAKE, SCOTT W. SCC, Mathematics Instructor B.S., Rocky Mountain College, Billings, Montana; M.S., University of Idaho SCHAEFFER, LEAH R. SCC, English Instructor B.A., Lewis-Clark State College; M.A., Eastern Washington University SCHEID, REBECCA A. SCC, Surgical Technology Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A.& M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; CST/RST 293 SCHEIDEGGER, JAMES W. SCC, Applied Education Instructor A.A.S., Community College of the Air Force; B.T.M., Peru State College-Peru, NE; M.Ed., City University, Bellevue SHELTON, SHAWNA M SFCC, Counselor A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A., M.Ed., M.S, Eastern Washington University; SCHMIDT, JONATHAN ADREW SCC, Anatomy & Physiology Instructor B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Washington State University SHERMAN, STEVEN A. SCC, Air Conditioning, Refrigeration and Heating Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College SCHNEIDER, MARTIN J. SCC, GED/Adult Basic Education Instructor B.A., University of Missouri; M.A., Eastern Washington University SIMMONS, BARBARA E SFCC, English Instructor B.A., M.A., Washington State University SCHOEN, BEVERLY A. SFCC, Counselor B.A., University of Washington; M.A., Whitworth College SCHWAB, JEFFREY D. SCC, Welding and Fabrication Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University SCOTT, CATHERINE R. DIST, Director of College Stores B.A., Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Canada; M.A., Talbot Theological Seminary, California SCOTT, CONNIE W. SFCC, English Instructor B.A., M.A., University of Texas, El Paso; additional studies, Eastern Washington University SCOTT, JANE SCC, Business Technology Instructor B.S., University of New Mexico; M.Ed., University of Idaho SEN, SHUSMITA SCC/SFCC, English Instructor B.A., St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi, India; M.A., Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, India; M.A., Oklahoma State University; M.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study: Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada; Algonquin College, Ottawa, Canada; Washington State University SENF, LORA SFCC, Assistant Dean of Instruction for Humanities, Business, Professional Studies, and Workforce Education A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A., University of Washington; M.A., Eastern Washington University; Additional studies, Washington State University SEXTON-JOHNSON, SARA DIST, Corporate Training and Workforce Continuing Education Director A.A., Wenatchee Valley College; B.A. & M.S., Eastern Washington University SHAFFER, CATHY S. SCC, Counselor A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., Gonzaga University; LMHC SHARP, ADAM C SCC, Humanities Instructor B.A., M.A., California State University-Long Beach; Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog SIMMONS, RYAN P. SFCC, English-Composition and Ethnic Literature Instructor B.A., University of Idaho; M.A., Ph.D., Washington State University SIMONSEN, GARRIC R. SFCC, Fine Arts Instructor B.A., The Evergreen State College; M.A., Washington State University SKAIFE, JANET W. SFCC, Physical Education Instructor, Softball Coach A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A., Whitworth College SLACK, JEREMY P SCC, Machine Shop/CNC Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College SMITH, CURTIS H. SCC/SFCC, Culinary Arts Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; A.O.S., Culinary Institute of America; Additional study Whitworth College SMITH, SANDRA M. SCC, Nursing Instructor B.S.N., University of Massachusetts Lowell, M.S.N., University of Phoenix SMITH, WAYNE C. SFCC, Music Instructor B.Mus., Dana School of Music of Youngstown State University; M.Mus., University of Idaho; D.Musical Arts, University of Arizona; additional study: University of Arizona; American Institute of Musical Studies, Graz, Austria; University of Oklahoma, University of British Columbia SMITH-LOUDERMILK, STACY DIST, Acting Director of ECEAP Services B.S., California Polytechnic State University; Additional studies, Colorado State University SNELL, KAREN M. SCC, Adult Basic Education Instructor B.A., Western Washington University; B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University SNYDER, KEITH E. SFCC, Physical Education Instructor B.A., M.S., Eastern Washington University 294 SOHNER, ERIK J SFCC, Photography Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Brooks Institute; M.F.A., Academy of Art University; Additional Studies: Eastern Washington University, Dakota County Area Vocational Technical Institute STASNEY, DAVID V. SCC, Water Resources Instructor A.A., Highline Community College; B.S., M.S., Western Washington University; Licensed Hydrogeologist, Licensed Geologist, State of Washington STAUDINGER, DARCY ANN SCC, Physical Education Associate Instructor Certified Personal Trainer, Licensed Massage Practitioner, Group Fitness Instructor, Health Unit Coordinator; AAS Spokane Community College; B.A. Milwaukee Tech Institute STEELE, KAY DEE SFCC, Chemical Dependency Professional Studies Instructor B.A., Gonzaga University; M.Ed., Whitworth College; Ph.D., Gonzaga University STEEN, MARIANNE C. SCC, Adult Basic Education Instructor B.A., University of North Dakota; M.Ed., Lesley University; additional study: University of Puget Sound, Seattle University, Minot State College, Augustana College STEPHENS, CAROLYN E. SFCC, Fine Arts Instructor B.A., Whitman College; M.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study: Stanford University STEVENS, GREG L. DIST, Chief Administration Officer B.A., Boise State University; M.H.R.M., University of Utah STILES, GREGORY C. SFCC, Graphic Design Instructor A.A.S., State University of New York; A.A.S., Art Institute of Seattle; B.A., M.A.Ed., Eastern Washington University STREET, RICKY M. SCC, Accounting Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A.c.c., Gonzaga University; CPA, CIA, CB SUCH, DAVID G. SCC, Music Instructor B.A., California State University, Fullerton; M.A., Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles SULLIVAN, LAWRENCE A. SCC, Management Instructor B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.I.M., American Graduate School of International Management, Glendale, Arizona SUNWOLD, DUANE D. SCC, Hotel and Restaurant Management Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College; additional study: Southern Alberta Institute of Technology Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog SUSAC, PAUL P. SCC, Disability Support Services Counselor B.A., Indiana University of Pennsylvania; M.A., Naropa Institute, Colorado SUTTLE, GEORGE C. SFCC, Librarian & History Instructor B.A., Huntingdon College; M.L.S., University of Alabama; M.A., Montana State University SWAN, PAULA SFCC, Library Technician Instructor B.A., University of Mississippi; M.L.I.S., Louisiana State University; M.Ed., Montana State University, Billings SWOPE, GERI G. SCC/SFCC/DIST, Dean of Adult Basic Education B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.A., California State University, Dominquez Hills SZOFRAN, NANCY C DIST, Provost - Chief Learning Officer B.S., Northeast Missouri State University; M.A., University of Missouri-Columbia; Ph.D., University of Idaho TAYLOR, KIMBERLEY J. SFCC, Psychology Associate Instructor B.A., Whitworth College; M.A., Gonzaga University; additional studies: Spokane Falls Community College, Eastern Washington University TAYLOR, ROD SCC/SFCC/DIST, Associate Dean of Technical Education & Aerospace A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Whitworth College; M.B.A., Gonzaga University; Business and Marketing Education Teaching Certificate, Eastern Washington University TEAL, JEFFREY E DIST, Director of Facilities Operations Additional studies, University of Washington THOMAS, RAYMOND M. SCC, Aircraft Mechanics Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; A&P Certification, A.A.S., Big Bend Community College THOMPSON, NORMAN SFCC, General Business Instructor S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology; M.B.A, M.S., J.D., University of Washington THORSVIK, DOUGLAS R. SCC, Vocational Program Instructor B.S., Central Washington University; M.S., Air Force Institute of Technology; additional study: Skagit Valley College THROOP, JUDITH M SFCC, Interpreter Training Program/Deafness Instructor B.A., Central Washington University; M.I.T., Washington State University; ITP Certificate of Completion, Spokane Falls Community College TIKKER, PAUL S. SCC, Stress Management, Physical Education Instructor B.A., M.A., Whitworth College; additional study: Eastern Washington University 295 TIMM, GEORGE H. SFCC, Biology Instructor A.A., Sacramento City College, Sacramento, California; B.S., University of California, Davis; M.S., California State University, Fresno; Ph.D., Washington State University TOBIN, PETER G. SCC, Culinary Arts Instructor A.A., Culinary Institute of America; Certified Culinary Educator; Certified Executive Chef, American Culinary Federation; Certified Food Service Educator, Food Service Learning Community; Participating Member of Slow Foods America and Chef Collaborative TOWNSEND, KRISTOPHER K. SFCC, Computer Science Instructor B.A. Ed., B.B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.Ed., City University TOWNSEND, WALTER M SCC, Corrections (VOC Programs) Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College TRIER, VICKI N. SCC/SFCC/DIST, Dean of Arts and Sciences B.A., Indiana University; Ph.D., University of Idaho TROPPMANN, JOHN S. SCC, Physical Education Instructor B.S., Washington State University; M.A., Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, California VREDEVELT, BEVERLY A. SFCC, Mathematics Instructor A.S., North Idaho College, Coeur d'Alene; B.A., M.S., Eastern Washington University WALTERS, CYNTHIA L SCC, Fire Science Technology Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University WARNER, TRAVIS J SFCC, Health Fitness Technician Instructor B.S., Eastern Washington University WARREN, STASIA A. SCC, Nursing Instructor B.A., Carroll College, Helena, Montana; M.S.N., Washington State University WAYBRIGHT, JEFFREY D. SCC, Accounting Instructor B.A., M.B.A., Eastern Washington University; CPA. WEAVER, BRITNI J. SFCC, Philosophy Instructor B.A. & M.A., Gonzaga University WEILAND, RACHELLE E. SFCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor M.A., Walden University; B.A., Eastern Washington University; A.A., Spokane Falls Community College TSCHRITTER, SANDRA J. SCC, Pharmacy Technician Program Instructor Certificate, A.A.S., Spokane Community College; C.Ph.T.; B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University WELLER, LAVONNE SFCC, Communications/English Associate Instructor B.A.Ed. And M.A., Eastern Washington University VALENZUELA, GABRIEL V SFCC, Spanish Instructor B.A., M.A., University of Oregon WESTERMANN, JOSHALUND C. SCC/SFCC, Reading Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., Eastern Washington University; M.Ed., City University VERSTEEG, TOM W. SFCC, English Instructor B.A., M.A., Eastern Washington University VIELBIG, BERNADETTE Y. SFCC, Art Instructor A.A., Butte Community College; B.A., Humboldt State University; M.F.A. Louisiana State University VIGIL, CYNTHIA V. SFCC, Counselor B.A., M.S., Eastern Washington University VILLALOBOS, RICHARD A. SCC, Counselor B.S., M.S., University of Arizona, Tucson; additional study: Spokane Falls Community College, Mt. Hood Community College, North Idaho College, Whitworth College VOGEL, ROBERT B. SCC, Communications Studies Instructor A.A., American River College, Sacramento, California; B.A., M.A., California State University, Sacramento; additional studies: UC Santa Barbara Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog WHITE, GARY C. SCC, Respiratory Care Instructor A.A.S., Highline Community College; B.S., University of Puget Sound; M.Ed., Weber State University; R.R.T., R.P.F.T., R.C.P.; additional study: Weber State University WHITMER, JOHN C. SFCC, Astronomy Instructor B.S., University of Idaho; B.S., B.S., University of Washington; M.S., San Diego State University WIBISONO, HARRYANTO SCC/SFCC, Commercial Baking Instructor A.A.S., Spokane Community College; Certificate from International Hotel/Motel/Bar and Restaurant College, Jakarta, Indonesia; WIDEMAN, DANENE RAE SCC, Medical Secretary and Medical Transcriptionist Instructor Certificate, Spokane Community College; certified Medical Transcriptionist 296 WILDMAN, PETER R. SCC/SFCC, Mathematics Instructor B.A., Occidental College; M.S., New Mexico State University; Additional studies: California State University Los Angeles WILLIAMS, DONALD L. SCC, Heavy Equipment/Hydraulics Technician Instructor A.A., Spokane Community College; John Deere Certified Advanced Technician WILLIAMS, JEFFRY M SCC, Developmental Education Instructor B.A., Simpson University; M.A., Alliance Graduate School WILLIAMS, LISA M. SCC, Developmental Education Instructor B.A., Washington State University; M.Ed., Eastern Washington University WILLIAMS, MICHAEL J. SCC/SFCC, Economics Associate Instructor B.S., M.A., M.S., University of Missouri. WILLIAMSON, BARBARA JO SFCC, English Instructor A.A., Western Nevada Community College, Carson City; B.A., M.A., University of Nevada, Reno; Ph.D., University of Nebraska, Lincoln WOODS-DAVIS, WILMA SCC/SFCC, History Instructor B.A., Boise State University; M.A., Ph.D., University of Idaho WRIGHT, CLAYTON R. SFCC, Orthotics/Prosthetics Technician Instructor A.A., Everett Community College; B.S., University of Washington WYLIE, MARK D. SFCC, Economics Instructor B.A., Principia College, Elsah, Illinois; M.A., Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles YOUMANS, VANCE J. SFCC, History Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., B.A.Ed., M.A., Eastern Washington University; additional study: University of Cambridge ZOLTAK, MICHAEL C. SCC, English, Foreign Languages Instructor B.A., Dominican College; Ph.D., Washington State University; additional study: University of Virginia, Gonzaga University WILSON JR., ALBERT G. SFCC, Biology Instructor B.A., San Francisco State University; M.S., Ph.D., Washington State University WILSON, CYNTHIA R. SCC/SFCC, Art Instructor B.A., Gonzaga University; M.F.A., Rosary Graduate School of Fine Arts, Florence, Italy; additional study Gannon University, El Escorial, Spain WILSON, STEVEN R. SCC, Electrical Engineering Technology Instructor B.S., Gonzaga University; additional study: University of British Columbia, Washington State University, Spokane Falls Community College WINGENROTH, JANET LEE DIST, Librarian B.A., Indiana University; M.A., University of Denver WIZNER, ANGELA M. SCC, Communication Studies Instructor B.A., M.A., California State University, Long Beach; additional study: University of Oregon WOLFE, LISA M. SCC, Administrative Office Systems Instructor A.A., Spokane Falls Community College; B.A., M.Ed., Eastern Washington University; additional study: Whitworth College WOLFSEN-NORTON, AMY R SFCC, Speech Instructor B.A., Walla Walla College; M.A., Washington State University; additional study Eastern Washington University, La Siera University, University of Utah Community Colleges of Spokane | 2014-2016 Catalog 297